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김병오 ( Byoung Oh Kim ) 한국목회상담학회 2010 목회와 상담 Vol.15 No.-
Genesis is about ``shame genesis``. According to the chapter 3 in Genesis, when man violated God`s Word, shame set in motion the subjective experiences in Adam and Eve of their exposure before God. Shame is man`s recollection of his/her estrangement from the Creator; it is grief for this estrangement. It could be called as the ontological shame. It contained painful self-consciousness and a sense of alienation. The essential aspects of shame are the experience of unexpected exposure, the experience of powerlessness and inappropriateness, the experience which affects the whole self. From the psychoanalytic perspective, guilt is the internal tension generated when the Ego transgresses the Superego, whereas shame is response to the shortcomings of the self in relation to the Ego-Ideal. In the Christian faith, three theories of atonement are parallels to major three types of intra-psychic conflict situations characteristic of human life. The ransom theory of atonement shows us the anxiety produced by Ego-Id conflicts, and the satisfaction theory reveals to us the guilt feeling generated by a strict Superego. At the same time, shame plays a crucial role in the moral influence theory when the Ego cannot come up with the Ego-Ideal. The emphasis of this theory is on the sanctification of behavior. The model of Ego-Ideal is Jesus Christ. To fall short of one`s ideal henceforth produces shame. Church community is the arena of shame. Teachings and disciplines being done in the Church can motivate people to feel the chronic shame. Pastoral counselors must recognize the asymmetric structure of counseling, pay attention to the bodily, affective, cognitive signs of clients covering shame, and encourage them to explore the origin of their shame and disclose it. Also counselors should be sensitive to their countertransference showing shame, establish the safe therapeutic alliance with clients and lessen the resistance of clients through their self-disclosure. Healing shame is the psycho-spiritual task. Therefore pastoral counselors can accomplish it only when they rely on the One who was being ashamed for us. The feeling of shame has negative aspects as well as positive aspects. According to Karl Barth, human beings have been exposed in front of Jesus, with the result that they turn into the shameful beings. However, the joy in which they can boast in relation to Him is absolutely bound up with the humility in which they are necessarily ashamed in relation to Him. Here is the paradoxical power of shame. Also shame plays a central role in the strength of conscience. When pastoral counselors have the discretion-shame, or the moral shame shaped by conscience, they could be more mature pastoral counselors who can perform well the ministry of the care and nurture of the soul.
C7- 이환체 구조를 갖는 새로운 플루오로퀴놀론계 항생물질의 흰쥐 체내동태와 조직분포
조재열(Jae Youl Cho),한승희(Seung Hee Han),김병오(Byoung O Kim),남권호(Kweon Ho Nam),손호정(Ho Jung Son),이재욱(Jae Wook Lee),유영효(Young Hyo Yu),박명환(Myung Hwan Park) 한국응용약물학회 1997 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.5 No.3
The pharmacokinetics of DWP20364 (1-cyclopropyl-5-amino-6,8-difluoro-7-(2,7-diazabicyclo[3,3,0] oct-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a novel fluoroquinolone containing C7-bicyclic structure, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration to rats using microbiological assay (bioassay). After i.v. administration to rats, the plasma concentrations of the two drugs declined biexponentially. The terminal half-lives (t_(½β)) of DWP20364 were 110±13.2 min and 117±3.09 min after i.v. and p.o. administration, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those of CPFX (45.5±9.52 min and 48.3±12.1 min, respectively). Similar results were also obtained from plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curves. The total body clearance of DWP20364, 7.82±0.37 ml/min/kg was significantly slower than that of CPFX, 27.3±11.1 ml/ min/kg. Above data suggested that the antimicrobial activity of DWP20364 could be lnger than that of CPFX. The urinary recovery after i.v. and p.o. administration of DWP20364 was signifcantly lower than those of CPFX suggesting that the effect of DWP20364 on urinary tract infection could be lower than that of CPFX. The serum protein binding values of DWP20364 at 2 ㎍/ml were apparently 91.5∼93.1% in rats and human. DWP20364 was distributed by the order of liver, lung, kidney, spleen, heart, muscle and brain collected at 30 min after orally administered.
신규 플루오로퀴놀론계 DWP20367 의 흰쥐 및 개에서의 체내동태와 조직분포
심점순(Jeom Soon Shim),유영효(Young Hyo Yu),남권호(Kweon Ho Nam),박명환(Myung Hwan Park),공재양(Jae Yang Kong),조재열(Jae Youl Cho),한승희(Seung Hee Han),김병오(Byoung O Kim),정대영(Dae Young Jeong),이재욱(Jae Wook Lee),손호정(Ho Jun 한국응용약물학회 1997 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.5 No.3
The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20367 (1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-chloro-7-(2,7-diazabicyclo[3,3,0]oct-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a novel fluoroquinolone, were examined in rats and beagle dogs after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analysis of DWP20367 in plasma, tissue, and urine was determined by both HPLC and microbiological assay (bioassay). The plasma concentration-time curves of the drug in rats and beagle dogs were biexponentially declined. The terminal halflife (t_(½β)) of the drug in rats was about 60.1 ±7.3 min (i.v.) and 61.3 ±12.4 min (p.o.) in bioassay, and 86.3 ±19.8 min (i.v.) and 50.9±14.9 min (p.o.) in HPLC. In beagle dogs, half-life of the drug determined by bioassay was about 121.8±6.2 min (i.v.) and 111.0±7.6 min (p.o.). The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd_(ss)) was 243.8±74.1 ml/kg (bioassay) and 339.2±84.3 ml/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 1587.5±536.9 ml/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The total body clearance (Cl₁,) of DWP20367 was 3.4±0.4 ml/min/kg (bioassay) and 2.4±0.4 ml/min/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 12.3±1.0 ml/min/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs, respectively. The extent of bioavailability after oral administration was 89.1 %(bioassay) and 79.9% (HPLC) in rats, and 78.7% (bioassay) in beagle dogs. Urinary recovery (24-h) assayed by bioassay was 0.7% (p.o.) and 1.2% (i.v.) in rats, and 0.8% (p.o.) and 1.0% (i.v.) in beagle dogs. In rats, 24-h fecal recovery determined by bioassay was 11.2% (p.o.) and 0.1% (i.v.). Rat and human serum protein binding ratios at 2 ㎍/ml were about 90∼91%. This drug determined by bioassay was also distributed by the order of liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen and muscle 30 min after oral administration.
신규 플르오로퀴놀론계 항생물질인 DWP20373 의 흰쥐 및 개에서의 체내동태와 조직분포
심점순(Jeom Soon Shim),유영효(Young Hyo Yu),남권호(Kweon Ho Nam),박명환(Myung Hwan Park),공재양(Jae Yang Kong),조재열(Jae Youn Cho),한승희(Seung Hee Han),김병오(Byoung O Kim),김지연(Ji Yeon Kim),유은숙(Eun Sook Yoo),정대영(Dae Young 한국응용약물학회 1997 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.5 No.2
The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of DWP20373, a novel fluoroquinolone, were examined in rats and beagle dogs after a single intravenous and oral administration. Analysis of DWP20373 in plasma, tissue, and urine was performed by both HPLC and microbiological assay. The plasma drug concentration declined biexponentially both rats and beagle dogs. In the rats, the terminal drug elimination half-life (t_(½β)) was 64 min (IV) and 57 min (PO) by bioassay, and 76 min (IV) and 77 min (PO) by HPLC. Whereas, in beagle dogs, t_(½β) was 196 min (IV) and 350 min (PO). The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd_(ss)) was 811 ml/kg (bioassay) and 2061 ml/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 2738 ml/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The total body clearance (Cl₁) of DWP20373 was 10 ml/min/kg (bioassay) and 7 ml/min/kg (HPLC) in rats, and 11 ml/min/kg (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The extent of bioavailability after oral administration was 49% (bioassay) and 67% (HPLC) in rats, and 84% (bioassay) in beagle dogs. The 24-h urinary recovery, measured by bioassay, was 2.7% after oral dosing and 5.5% after intravenous dosing in rats. Serum protein binding ratio determined at 2 ㎍/㎖ was 78%. This drug was also distributed in tissues in the decreasing order of liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, and muscle determined at 30 min after oral administration.