어깨관절의 이마면과 어깨면에서 벌림각도에 따른 중간 등세모근과 아래 등세모근의 근 활성도 비교

김병곤,이명희,Kim, Byung-Kon,Lee, Myoung-Hee 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2016 PNF and Movement Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activities in the frontal plane and scapular plane of the middle fiber and lower fiber of the trapezius muscle at different shoulder abduction angles. Methods: Twenty male and female students in their 20s participated in this study. Each subject maintained shoulder abduction at $75^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $125^{\circ}$, and $160^{\circ}$ in a standing position and repeated motions three times each in the frontal plane and the scapular plane. While maintaining the motions for 10 seconds in each posture, surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity of the middle fiber and lower fiber of the trapezius muscle. The collected EMG data were normalized using maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Differences in muscle activity of the middle fiber and lower fiber of the trapezius muscles according to the angles at each plane were statistically processed using repeated measured analysis of variance, and an independent t-test was used to examine the differences between the two planes at each angle. Results: Muscle activity of the middle and lower trapezius during shoulder abduction in the frontal plane and scapular plane significantly increased as the angles increased (p<.05). However, muscle activity of the middle trapezius was significantly lower in the scapular plane than in the frontal plane for all shoulder abduction angles (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that during shoulder abduction, angles should be different according to the goals, and for training during an acute phase or early phase for functional recovery, it is more efficient to perform the training in the scapular plane than in the frontal plane.

홉스의 정치철학에 있어 국가와 교회: 신과학과 스콜라주의의 충돌

김병곤 ( Kim Byung Kon ) 아시아문화학술원 2016 인문사회 21 Vol.7 No.4

이 논문은 홉스의 정치철학과 그가 종교를 주제로 행한 논의와의 관계를 규명하기 위해 쓰여 졌다. 기존 연구에서는 많은 연구자들이 그의 종교관을 중심으로 무신론자 여부 등에 집중하는 방식의 접근을 시도하였고 이에 따라 많은 혼란이 발생하였다. 이 연구에서 필자는 종교정책과 정치에 있어 종교가 차지하는 의미 분석 등에 대해 균형잡힌 시각으로 분석을 시도하였다. 여기에 덧붙여 그의 신과학 중심의 정치철학과 당시에도 여전히 철학을 주도하던 스콜라주의의 철학을 대비시킴으로써 그의 종교에 대한논변의 의미를 더 명확히 분석하려 하였다. This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between political ideas of Thomas Hobbes and his religious arguments. In 17th century Europe, politics and religion were still maintaining close relationship. Disputes on religion functioned as a political ideology in nowadays political arguments. Hobbes wished to complete his scientific politics; however, he also couldn``t deny religious arguments. This study emphasizes that by revealing Hobbes political intents underlying in his religious opinions, it will enable to newly understand his theory of politics. Also it clarifies the meaning of religion in the history of intellects in 17th century.

한국 보수주의의 이념적 특징

김병곤(Kim Byung Kon) 역사비평사 2011 역사비평 Vol.- No.95

Conservatives in Korea have asserted their political legitimacy and rightness in various ways, and they are redefining their ideological identity. The Korean political landscape has seen ideological debates deepen due to strengthening of the conservatives. I have started this thesis under the belief that some light should be shed upon this ideological change in the Korean political landscape and the ideological traits of conservatives in Korea. The main objectives of this thesis are to overview the general characteristics of conservative ideology and compare them with the ideological traits of Korean conservatism. The thesis consists of the following. First, the concept of ideology is redefined. In other words, elements required for the concept to be established is examined. This is in line with the debate over whether conservatisam as an ideology exists in Korea. The paper also analyzes characteristics of the general conservatism. Based on the definition of the conservatisam as an ideology in general, ideological traits of Korean conservatism and the differences between Korean conservatism and conservatism in other countries is explored.

Adam Smith의 도덕과 정의 : Theory of Moral Sentiments

김병곤(Byung-Kon Kim) 고려대학교 평화와민주주의연구소 2011 평화연구 Vol.19 No.2

이 글의 목적은 이중적이다. 이 글의 첫 번째 목적은 『도덕감정론』에 나타난 아담 스미스의 도덕철학을 서양의 도덕철학사와 정치사상사의 맥락 속에 위치시키는 것이다. 이 글의 두 번째 목적은 아담 스미스의 도덕철학의 정치철학적 함의를 밝히는 것이다. 도덕적 덕성들 중에 특히 정의의 문제는 정치와 밀접한 연관성을 가진다. 그는 정의의 범위와 의미에 대해 정치사상사에 포함되는 많은 다른 학자들과 다른 방식으로 접근하고 정치와 연결시킨다. 그 이유는 무엇인가. 이는 그가 지향하는 정치의 모습과 어떤 관계를 맺고 있는가 등의 문제를 규명하는 것이 이 연구의 두 번째 목적이다. 스미스의 도덕과 정의에 대한 이론은 자유주의 정치사상의 필수적 요소로 발전하게 되는 중요한 사상적 내용을 포함하면서도 스코틀랜드의 계몽주의의 입장에서 근대자연법을 재구성하는 데 성공하였다. 그의 철학은 자신이 속한 시대의 요구를 반영한 것으로서 당대를 대표하는 철학이라고 평가할 수 있다. Adam Smith acknowledges that men show positive interest in the fortunes of others, just as Hutcheson argued. By doing so, Smith rejects the nature of man as described by Hobbes. Furthermore, he forms a moral structure that relies on experience, emotions and perception and breaks away from the traditional natural law that relies on reason to analyze human nature. In addition, Smith accepts a comprehensive virtue system and the positive aspect of self-interest. However, he also recognizes prudence, a virtue of an individual, and other superior values such as benevolence, which is considered an interpersonal social virtue. Justice and benevolence, two social virtues, are relevant to men's pursuit of social life. In particular, the virtue of justice becomes an indispensible moral standard that supports the human society. As such, justice becomes associated with coercion and remains in the public sphere. Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments and Theory of Justice, Prudence and Beneficence include important ideological notions that later develop into an integral part of liberal politic ideologies. Furthermore, these two theories served as a catalyst to accept and redefine modern natural laws from the Scottish enlightenment perspectives. His theories can be accessed as philosophy of his time that successfully reflected the needs of his time.

열린 BIM 생태계 조성을 위한 클라우드 컴퓨팅 기반 BIM 서비스 환경의 사용량 측정 기술 및 법 규정 제안

김병곤(Kim Byung kon),김종성(Kim Jong sung) 한국BIM학회 2016 KIBIM Magazine Vol.6 No.3

As project opportunities for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry have grown more complex and larger, the utilization of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies for three-dimensional (3D) design and simulation practices has been increasing significantly; the typical applications of the BIM technologies include clash detection and design alternative based on 3D planning, which have been expanded over to the technology of construction management in the AEC industry for virtual design and construction. As for now, commercial BIM software has been operated under a single-user environment, which is why initial costs for its introduction are very high. Cloud computing, one of the most promising next-generation Internet technologies, enables simple Internet devices to use services and resources provided with BIM software. Recently in Korea, studies to link between BIM and cloud computing technologies have been directed toward saving costs to build BIM-related infrastructure, and providing various BIM services for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study addressed development of the usage metering functions of BIM software under cloud computing architecture in order to archive and use BIM data and create an optimal revenue structure so that the BIM services may grow spontaneously, considering a demand for cloud resources. For the reason, we surveyed relevant cases, and then analyzed needs and requirements from AEC industry. Based on the relevant cases, customizing for cloud BIM and design for the development was performed. We also surveyed any related-law to support cloud computing-based BIM service. Finally, we proposed herein how to optimally design and develop the usage metering functions of cloud BIM software.

폐쇄성 황달의 임상적 고찰

김병곤(Byung Kon Kim),김천규(Chean Kyu Kim) 대한외과학회 1985 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.28 No.6

파워워킹과 상지근력강화 운동을 동반한 복부근력강화 운동이 20대 성인의 호흡기능에 미치는 영향

김병곤(Kim Byung-Kon),한종만(Han Jong-Man) 한국보건기초의학회 2018 한국보건기초의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

To investigate and compare the effects on the respiratory system of a power walking exercise program with a muscle strengthening exercise program. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of ten. One group carried out the abdominal strengthening exercises along with upper extremity strengthening exercises, and the other group completed the power walking exercises. Each group performed their exercises three times a week during the entire 4 weeks of the experiment. The upper extremity exercises were 3 sets of 15 push-ups with 30 seconds of rest per a set. The abdominal muscle strengthening exercises consisted of 3 sets of the plank, the side plank, the crunch, and the cross crunch. For each set the exercise was held for 15 seconds followed by a 30 second rest. The power walking was performed for 50 minutes each time. There was no significant improvement of the FVC or the FEV1 in the power walking group. The FVC before the experiment was 3.82±0.62, and 3.85±0.61 after the experiment. While the FEV1 went from 3.41±0.63 before the experiment to 3.48±0.65 afterwards. Meanwhile there was significant improvement in the abdominal muscle strengthening group. The FVC started at 3.24±0.74 before the experiment finished at 3.40±0.81 after the experiment. As for the FEV1, it went from 2.95±0.76 beforehand to 3.12±0.73 afterwards. This study shows that an effective way to improve respiratory function is with an exercise program that combines abdominal muscle strengthening exercises with upper extremity exercises. This knowledge can be used to help design a muscle strengthening program that improves respiratory function. Additionally abdominal muscle strengthening exercises with upper extremity exercises can be used as a component of a self exercise program or a clinical intervention program.

내셔널 아이덴티티와 분리독립

김병곤(Byung Kon Kim),우윤민(Yoon Min Woo) 한국유럽학회 2014 유럽연구 Vol.32 No.4

스페인은 다민족 국가로, 카탈루냐는 스페인의 하나의 자치주로서 존재해왔다. 그러나 최근 카탈루냐의 분리독립 움직임이 강해졌는데, 이것은 2006년 카탈루냐 자치법 개정안에 대한 2010년 헌법재판소의 판결이 내려지고 난 시점을 기점으로 카탈루냐의 태도가 전환되어 나타난 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 자치주로서의 지위를 갖고 스페인의 제도내에서 머물던 카탈루냐가 왜 분리독립의 주장으로 그 태도를 변화시켰는가에 대해 분석한다. 개정안에 대한 헌법재판소의 판결 내용을 중심으로 카탈루냐의 내셔널 아이덴티티와 그것의 카탈루냐어에의 반영, 재정 적자 문제와 관련한 자유주의적 민족주의 관점에서의 사회정의 실현, 이렇게 두 가지로 분류하여 원인에 대한 설명을 시도한 후, 본연구가 스페인 및 EU의 향후 미래에 제시할 수 있는 함의를 밝힌다. Spain is a multinational state in which Catalonia has been as one of the 17 autonomous communities. After the verdict of Constitutional Court of Spain in 2010 on 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, the secessionist movements have started to grow strong in Catalonia. Catalonia, as one of the 17 autonomous communities, has sought the way to increase its autonomy within the institutions of Spain. However, it suddenly changed its position from increasing its autonomy to secessionist movements. In this context, this paper examines the reasons of Catalonia’s sudden change. This paper suggests 2 reasons, one is Catalonia's national identity and its reflection on Catalan language. The other is Catalonia's will to realize social justice from the perspective of liberal nationalism with reference to Catalonia's fiscal deficit. With this analysis of reasons for secessionism, this paper can provide implications on the future of Spain and Catalonia and the trial of EU's political integration.

지구정의 규범과 초국적 문제: 주권개념의 재구성에 따른 변화를 중심으로

김병곤 ( Kim Byung-kon ) 아시아문화학술원 2018 인문사회 21 Vol.9 No.2

이 연구는 주권개념의 재구성과 국제관계의 변화의 관계를 분석하려 하며 궁극적으로 주권과 관련된 이론적 실천적 관점에서의 깊은 이해를 목표로 한다. 이해의 출발점은 국민 국가 성립에 있어 중심주제인 주권의 문제를 국가 내와 국가 간의 관계라는 이중적 다이내믹스 속에서 이해하는 것이다. 그리고 이를 위해 이 연구는 최근 세계화와 그 이후의 과정을 통해 감지되는 주권개념의 변화 양태와 이에 따른 국경 및 시민권에 대한 새로운 방식의 이해, 그리고 정의, 권리 등의 정치적 규범에 대한 이해를 위한 기본적 사항 등에 주목할 것이다. 본 연구의 초반부는 근대국가의 형성의 국내적 요인들의 양상변화가 유사한 타국과의 경쟁 속에서 국제관계의 역동적 관계 속에서 형성되었다는 점을 강조한다. 그리고 세계화를 통한 근대국가체계의 변환이 수반할 수밖에 없었던 주권 개념에 대한 국내 및 국제적 이해의 변화가 만들어지는 구성적 과정 및 변증법 즉 상호관계를 분석한다. 이 연구의 두 번째 부분은 세계화 등을 통해 베스트팔렌체제가 상징하는 전통적 근대 국제관계와 주권 개념에 대한 변화와 연관된 윤리적, 규범적 이슈들을 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구를 통해 지구화의 진행과 그 결과 필연적으로 수반된 21세기의 정치적 이슈들에 대한 주목과 이해의 틀이 모색될 것이다. The purpose of this study is to understand two conditions related to sovereignty profoundly. The first context is to understand the matter of sovereignty which is the main topic in establishing a modern state within dual dynamics: relations inside the country and relations among countries. The second is to seek understanding over the basic elements to figure out the possibility of change in the concept of sovereignty being detected lately through the globalization, new modes regarding borders and citizenship according to that, and also political norms such as justice and rights. Firstly I will examine in what sorts of dynamics the changes of domestic factors to build a modern state are formed within competition with similar countries. Also, I will analyze the constructive process to form both domestic and international understanding over the concept of sovereignty which had to be accompanied by the spread of the system of a modern country and dialectics, that is, mutual relationship.

마이크로 프로펠러 수차의 성능 특성

김병곤(Byung-Kon Kim) 한국유체기계학회 2014 한국유체기계학회 논문집 Vol.17 No.3