1880년 내시(內侍) 우계범(禹啓範)이 관여한 충주 산송의 특수 사례 고찰

김나라 ( Kim Na Ra ) 한국고문서학회 2024 古文書硏究 Vol.64 No.-

본 논문은 충북 지역의 특수 산송 사례를 제시하고, 정조대 이후 내시의 송사 처리 과정을 조명하기 위해 작성되었다. 충주(忠州) 마사(麻沙) 단양우씨(丹陽禹氏) 집안은 17세기부터 충주에 세거하며, 가차산면(加次山面)·금생면(金生面)·동량동면(東良洞面)·산척면(山尺面) 일대에 분산(墳山)을 조성하였다. 이 분산들은 19세기에 여러 차례 산송을 겪었다. 그 가운데 산척면에 위치한 우천석(禹天錫)·우팽(禹伻) 부자 묘소 산송에 내시부(內侍府) 내시(內侍)가 관여한 사례가 확인되어 이를 살펴보았다. 내시 우계범(禹啓範)이 관여한 산송의 전말은 다음과 같다. 충주에 세거하던 평해손씨 집안이 관과 결탁하여 우천석ㆍ우팽 부자 묘소에 늑장(勒葬)하면서 시작된 산송은 몇 년 동안 지연되는 양상을 보였다. 충주 마사 단양우씨 집안은 산송을 신속히 해결하고자 내시 우계범의 위세를 활용하여 산송의 흐름을 자신들에게 유리한 방향으로 만들었다. 내시 우계범과 충주 마사 단양우씨 집안이 결탁한 행위는 추후에 문제가 되어 산송에 참여했던 단양우씨 집안사람들이 옥에 갇히는 결과를 초래하였다. 그러나 산송 과정에서 평해손씨 집안이 늑장한 무덤을 파내고 다시 무덤을 조성하지 않아 예전처럼 산소를 수호할 수 있었다. 이 산송은 두 가지를 주목할 필요가 있다. 첫째, 내시 우계범이 자신의 위세를 이용하여 산송의 흐름을 충주 마사 단양우씨 집안에 유리한 방향으로 만들었다는 점이다. 조선시대 내시는 왕의 최측근으로 그 위세를 무시할 수 없었다. 몇 년 동안 지연되고 있던 산송의 판도를 바꾼 것만 보더라도 이를 알 수 있다. 둘째, 내시 우계범은 정조의 수교(受敎)에 의거하여 산송에 참여하였다. 정조는 재위시절 내시가 송사할 일이 있으면 내시부를 통해 국왕의 윤허를 받은 뒤 송사에 참여하라는 수교를 내렸다. 충주 마사 단양우씨 집안 산송문서에 이를 증빙하는 문서가 남아있어 내시가 산송에 참여하는 절차를 고찰할 수 있다. This paper presents a special case of mountain lawsuit in the North Chungcheong region and was written to illuminate the process of handling these disputes by eunuchs after the reign of King Jeongjo. The Danyang Woo clan in Chungju Masa has been settled in Chungju since the 17th century and established funerary mountains in various areas including Gachasan-myeon(加次山面), Geumsaeng-myeon(金生面), Dongryangdong-myeon(東良洞面), and Sanchuk-myeon(山尺面). These funerary mountains experienced several lawsuits in the 19th century. Among them, a case involving the eunuch of the Eunuch Office in a mountain lawsuit over the graves of Woo Cheon-seok(禹天錫) and Woo Peng(禹伻), father and son, located in Sanchuk-myeon, was confirmed and examined. The full story of the mountain lawsuit involving Eunuch Woo Gye-beom(禹啓範) is as follows. The dispute began when the Pyeonghae Son clan, settled in Chungju, colluded with the authorities to forcibly bury in the graves of Woo Cheon-seok and Woo Peng, father and son, showing a pattern of delay over several years. The Danyang Woo clan in Chungju Masa used the influence of Eunuch Woo Gye-beom to swiftly resolve the mountain lawsuit, steering its course in their favor. The collusion between Eunuch Woo Gye-beom and the Danyang Woo clan in Chungju Masa became a problem later, resulting in the imprisonment of members of the Danyang Woo family who participated in the mountain lawsuit. However, during the mountain lawsuit process, the Pyeonghae Son clan dug up the forcibly buried graves and did not rebuild them, allowing for the protection of the burial site as before. This mountain lawsuit requires attention to two main points. First, Eunuch Woo Gye-beom used his influence to steer the course of the mountain lawsuit in favor of the DanyangWoo clan in Chungju Masa. During the Joseon Dynasty, eunuchs, being the closest aides to the king, wielded significant influence that could not be ignored. This can be seen by the fact that they were able to change the course of the mountain lawsuit that had been delayed for several years. Second, Eunuch Woo Gye-beom participated in the mountain lawsuit based on the orders of King Jeongjo. King Jeongjo issued orders during his reign that if a eunuch had to participate in legal disputes, they should do so with the king’s permission through the Eunuch Office. Documents proving this remain in the mountain lawsuit documents of the DanyangWoo clan in Chungju Masa allowing for an examination of the process by which a eunuch participated in the dispute.

제조원이 다른 떡차의 특수성분 분석 및 항산화활성 평가

이나라(Na Ra Lee),김기안(Gee An Kim),이유건(Yu Geon Lee),정다은(Da Eun Jeong),김수로(Soo Ro Kim),조정용(Jeong-Yong Cho),마승진(Seung-Jin Ma),김선재(Seon-Jae Kim),박근형(Keun-Hyung Park),문제학(Jae-Hak Moon) 한국차학회 2013 한국차학회지 Vol.19 No.1

우리나라의 전통차 중의 하나이면서 일반적으로 미생물 발효차로 분류되어 온 떡차의 함유성분 분석을 통해 그 특징을 검토해온 일련의 선행연구 결과들로부터 떡차가 미생물발효차보다는 오히려 우롱차나 홍차와 같은 효소발효차의 특성에 더 가까운 경향을 보임을 제시해왔다. 이에 본연구에서는 보다 다양한 시료들을 분석함으로써 떡차의 일반적인 특성을 제시하기 위한 추가 연구로써 제조원이 다른 세 회사 떡차를 저장시기별로 확보하여 다양한 분석을 행하였다. 그 결과 총 catechin, 총 theaflavin류, caffeine, gallic acid, 총 페놀성 화합물 및 tocopherol류의 함량, 그리고 색도와 DPPH radical-scavenging 활성 변화에 있어 caffeine과 총 페놀성 화합물의 함량은 특정한 변화 경향을 보이지 않았으며, 그 외의 다른 인자들의 경우 제품 또는 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화경향이 일부 관찰되기는 하였으나, 이 결과들로부터 떡차의 제조과정 및 저장기간 동안에 미생물의 작용이 관여하지 않았거나 그 정도가 매우 미약했을 가능성이 시사되었다. 이에 본 연구에 있어서도 떡차를 미생물발효차로 분류할 수 있는 분명한 근거는 확보되지 못한 것으로 판단된다. Ddeok cha, a Korean traditional tea, has been known as a microbial-fermented tea but it was recently questioned whether ddeok cha is really microbial-fermented tea. Therefore, in the present study, the characteristic constituents and antioxidative activity of ddeok cha from different makers were examined as a function of time. The contents of caffeine and total phenolics did not change significantly. On the other hand, the contents of total catechins, theaflavins, gallic acid, tocopherols, color values and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activities showed partial changes. Nevertheless, the changes were not sufficient to confirm that ddeok cha is a microbial fermented tea.

호주 초·중등교육 정규교과에서의 진로교육 내용 분석

김나라(Nara Kim),정진철(Jinchul Jeong) 한국비교교육학회 2009 比較敎育硏究 Vol.19 No.1

현대 사회의 급격한 변화는 직업세계에 영향을 미치게 되었고, 이에 따라 진로교육의 중요성이 그 어느 때보다 강조되고 있다. 체계적인 진로교육에 있어 학교에서의 진로교육이 중요하다는 논의가 지속되고 있음에도 불구하고, 학교 현장에서의 진로교육은 행사위주의 단발성 교육이 주를 이루고 있는 현실이다. 비록 많은 학교에서「진로와 직업」교과를 선택하여 운영하고 있기도 하지만, 학교 체제의 구조적인 한계로 인해 내실 있는 진로교육이 운영되기 힘들기 때문이다. 이에 대한 해결책으로 학교에서의 진로교육은 기존 교과와 교육과정 측면에서 연결되어 시행되어야 한다는 의견들이 최근 빈번하게 제기되고 있는 가운데, 교과통합에 의한 진로교육의 선진 외국 사례 분석은 향후 우리나라의 학교 진로교육에 의미 있는 시사점을 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 이 연구는 교육과정 내에 진로교육을 통합시키려는 많은 노력이 정부 차원에서 이루어지고 있는 호주의 사례를 연구의 대상으로 하였다. 이 연구는 인터뷰와 문헌분석을 바탕으로 호주 연방정부 및 주정부 수준에서의 교과통합 진로교육 현황과 주정부별 정규교과 내 진로교육 내용을 분석하였다. NSW주의 건강 및 체육 교과에는 자신과 대인관계를 포함하여 진로교육 요소가 중점적으로 포함되어 있었고, SA주의 경우는 일의 세계에 대한 광범위한 이해를 범교과적으로 강조하고 있었으며, VIC주는 사회 및 환경교과에 진로교육 요소가 중점적으로 포함되어 있었고, NT주의 경우에는 핵심학습 교과의 내적학습자 단원에 진로교육과 관련된 내용요소들을 포함하고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 우리나라의 교과통합 진로교육에 주는 시사점이 도출되었다. Radical changes in modern society have influenced on the nature of the works and the importance of the career education is emphasized more than any time. Various scholars have continuously emphasized the importance of the career education in regular schools. Most career educations in regular schools, however, consist of one-time event-oriented programs because of the systematic limitations immanent in Korean school system. To overcome the limitations of the school system, scholars have contended that career educations in regular schools should be integrated into the existing subjects and the curricula. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze exemplary cases of the career education through the subjects integration in developed countries. The target of the analysis in this study was the career education related content in Australia because Australian federal and local governments have made great efforts in integrating the career education into the regular school curricula. With interviews and literature analysis, the current status of the career education through the subjects integration in federal and local governmental levels and the career education related contents in the regular school curricula of local governmental level were analyzed. Major findings of the study were as follows: 1) Career education components were mainly contained in the PDHPE(personal development, health and physical education) subject in New South Wales; 2) Understandings of a wide range of work were emphasized in the cross-curricular perspective in South Australia; 3) Career education components were mainly contained in the SOSE(studies of society and environment) subject in Victoria; and 4) Career education related contents were integrated mainly in the ‘inner learner’ unit in Essential Learning subject in Northern Territory. The conclusions were derived from the outcomes of the study and the recommendations were proposed for the applications of the study results and the future researches.

가우시안 채널에서 첩 신호의 성능에 관한 연구

김나라(Nara Kim),김휘환(Hwi-Hwan Kim),강병권(Byeong-Gwon Kang) 한국정보기술학회 2012 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2012 No.5

적응형 NPC 구현을 위한 행동테이블 생성기법

김나라(Nara Kim),엄기현(Kyhyun Um),조경은(Kyungeun Cho) 한국멀티미디어학회 2007 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.2

음포혈(陰包, LR9)에서 펄스형 전자기장 및 가시광 LED 복합 자극이 대퇴부 근피로 회복에 미치는 영향 분석

이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),김정윤 ( Jung Yoon Kim ),박선우 ( Sun Woo Park ),김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이희영 ( Hee Young Lee ),안순재 ( Soon Jae Ahn ),김영호 ( Young Ho Kim ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2011 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop the combined medical stimulus system consisted of the PEMFs (Pulsed electromagnetic fields) and LED which are able to stimulate local point such as acupoints and trigger points. Methods : To evaluate the therapeutic effect on the musculoskeletal disorders and the possibility of alternative method on manual acupuncture, we compared the fatigue recovery of two groups by analyzing the EMG and peak torque (non-stimulation and, stimulation group) after strenuous knee exercise. We chose the LR9 as a stimulation point. Results : The median frequency (MF) and fatigue index (F.I) of the stimulation group were recovered faster than those of the non-stimulation group. Also the peak torques of both groups were not restored until after 20 minutes. However, the peak torque of the stimulation group was regained higher than that of the non-stimulation group. Conclusions : We confirmed that the proposed combined stimulus system had useful effects as treatment instrument of musculoskeletal disorder using non-invasive method of PEMFs and LED.

MF-BIA Analyzer를 이용한 경혈의 세포 내액과 외액에 의한 저항성분 추정 방법 제시 및 반영률 평가

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),김원기 ( Won Ky Kim ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29 No.4

Objectives: The aim of this study was to suggest a new method to estimate the resistance by acupoint compositions by using the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis(MF-BIA) of 5 kHz, 50 kHz and 200 kHz within 2 cm of acupoints as a local segment. Moreover, we try to confirm the relation to between measured resistance at skin surface and measured resistance by various manual acupuncture needle insertion depth. Methods: Ten male subjects participated in this study. We measured the resistance at left/ right ST36 at skin surface and various manual acupuncture needle insertion depth(skin, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm). Results: It was also observed that the all measured resistances were the highest at 5 kHz and the lowest at 200 kHz. There were significant differences at 5 kHz, 50 kHz and 200 kHz between measured resistance at skin surface and measured resistance by various manual acupuncture needle insertion depth(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the left and right identical acupoints under the identical condition(p>0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that the measured resistance at skin surface has limitation as to reflect the information of tissue. However, the measured resistance at each frequency was changed as similar pattern by different insertion depth. Hence, we confirmed the possibility of assumption on information of tissue which was expected to locate an acupoint.

온라인상에서 부정적 편향에 따른 평판 확산 차이에 관한 연구

김나라(Na Ra Kim),신경식(Kyung Shik Shin) 한국IT서비스학회 2015 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.14 No.1

As a social being, people can cooperate and control one another through the power of reputation, which is a critical opinion of someone given by others. Nevertheless, there have been obstacles in clarifying the identity of traditional types of reputation, for they are mostly words of mouth passed among members of a society. However, due to dramatic technological advancement and widespread use of the Internet and social media, now we can clearly see and analyze written reputations, which used to be passed only from mouth to mouth. Against this background, this study examines whether a negativity bias-a notion that an event of a more negative nature has a greater effect on one's psychological state than a positive event-applies to spread of reputation online, and examines related factors and effects. To this end, reputation-related online comments left by social media users during the election period of Korea's 6th provincial election on 4 June 2014 were analyzed. For the analysis, a Bass diffusion model was used, which is based on the innovation diffusion theory. The analysis results confirmed that, at online forum, negative reputations spread more quickly and more widely than positive ones, had a greater impact, and mass media such as online news outlets had a significant influence on spread of reputation online.

아일랜드 전환학년제 분석을 통한 한국 진로교육에의 시사점

김나라(Nara Kim),방재현(Jaehyun Bang),최지원(Jiwon Choi) 한국비교교육학회 2013 比較敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 아일랜드 전환학년제(Transition Year)의 특징을 분석하여 한국의 진로교육에 대한 시사점을 마련하는 데 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 문헌연구를 통해 아일랜드의 전환학년제를 분석하였고, 아일랜드 전환학년제의 실제를 파악하기 위해 현지를 방문하여 전환학년제 관계자들과 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 연구의 결과, 한국 진로교육에 주는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 체험중심의 진로교육을 운영하기 위해서는 교사의 역량과 열정이 매우 중요하다. 둘째, 진로체험이 효과적으로 이루어지기 위해서는 학교 내 타 교사와의 협력이 요구된다. 셋째, 체험 중심의 진로교육으로 인해 발생될 수 있는 학생들의 학업과 입시 간의 긴장관계를 해소할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate Irish Transition Year and examine it’s implications for career education in Korea. To accomplish the research purpose, literature review and interview were examined. The findings of the study were as follows. First, to operate experience oriented career education, the competencies and passion of teacher are important. Second, to succeed to make career education, faculties in schools need to cooperate. Third, to introduce experience educational career education, the tension driven between entrance exam and career education need to be relieved.

12채널 Multi-frequency를 이용한 경혈 임피던스 측정시스템 개발 및 평가

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이재우 ( Jae Woo Lee ),이승욱 ( Seung Wook Lee ),이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),김영대 ( Young Dae Kim ),신태민 ( Tae Min Shin ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2011 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: The object of this study is to evaluate and develop the system that reflects acupoints electrical properties by the multi-frequency using the SPAC (Single Power Alternative Current) stimulation method based on BIA (Bioelectrical impedance method). Methods: The 12 channel meridian impedance measurement system (MIMS) was designed, which sets multi-frequency with 10 steps (1~10㎑). To check acupoints electrical properties, impedance of acupoints were measured from 11 acupoints selected from the LU and ST meridians. Results: Regarding distribution of measurement values by multi-frequencies, we found the lowest response at 1㎑ was in common. But frequency bands which represent the highest response at each acupoint were various. Measurement values of each acupoint by multi-frequencies were expressed similar distribution (P<0.05). Also we could check same frequency band which showed the highest response at left/right equal acupoints (P<0.05). Conclusions: Through change of acupoints electrical properties by multi-frequency stimulation, we checked oriental medical diagnostic possibilities by using this system. We would progress variable clinical trials with this system for oriental medical diagnosis.