육성 시뮬레이션 게임을 활용한 교육용 기능성 게임 스토리텔링 제안

김나라(Kim Na Ra),오승환(Oh Seung Hwan) 한국디자인학회 2012 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

온라인상에서 부정적 편향에 따른 평판 확산 차이에 관한 연구

김나라(Na Ra Kim),신경식(Kyung Shik Shin) 한국IT서비스학회 2015 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.14 No.1

As a social being, people can cooperate and control one another through the power of reputation, which is a critical opinion of someone given by others. Nevertheless, there have been obstacles in clarifying the identity of traditional types of reputation, for they are mostly words of mouth passed among members of a society. However, due to dramatic technological advancement and widespread use of the Internet and social media, now we can clearly see and analyze written reputations, which used to be passed only from mouth to mouth. Against this background, this study examines whether a negativity bias-a notion that an event of a more negative nature has a greater effect on one's psychological state than a positive event-applies to spread of reputation online, and examines related factors and effects. To this end, reputation-related online comments left by social media users during the election period of Korea's 6th provincial election on 4 June 2014 were analyzed. For the analysis, a Bass diffusion model was used, which is based on the innovation diffusion theory. The analysis results confirmed that, at online forum, negative reputations spread more quickly and more widely than positive ones, had a greater impact, and mass media such as online news outlets had a significant influence on spread of reputation online.

오류 패턴을 이용한 BERT 기반 OCR 오류 수정

김나라(Na-Ra Kim),조용석(Yong-Seok Jo),박호현(Ho-Hyun Park) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

영화 오프닝타이틀 디자인에서 나타나는 색채의 상징성에 관한 연구

김나라(Kim Na ra),김택훈(Kim Taek hoon) 한국디자인학회 2005 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.10

Impact of Ensemble Member Size on Confidence-based Selection in Bankruptcy Prediction

Na-Ra Kim(김나라),Kyung-Shik Shin(신경식),Hyunchul Ahn(안현철) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2013 지능정보연구 Vol.19 No.2

부도예측을 위한 지식기반시스템에서 모델은 실적에 영향을 끼지는 주요한 요인이다. 예측 모형의 개발에 있어 초기 연구들은 통계기법 및 인공지능기법들을 이용하여 최고 실적을 가지는 단일 모델을 만드는데 주력하였다. 1980년대 중반 이후에는 다수 기술의 통합(하이브리드), 더 나아가 다수 모델의 결과의 결합(앙상블) 기법이 수많은 실험에서 개별 모델들보다 더 나은 결과를 보여왔다. 다수 모델들의 출력값을 결합하여 한 개의 최종 예측값을 산출하는 앙상블 모델링에서 결합기법은 앙상블의 예측정확도에 영향을 끼치는 중요한 이슈이다. 본 논문은 부도예측을 위한 앙상블 결합기법으로서 앙상블 멤버들이 다른 유형의 연속형 수치 출력값들을 산출하더라도 통일된 확신을 측정할 수 있는 확신 기반의 선택 접근법을 제안하고 이에 대한 앙상블 멤버 사이즈의 영향을 연구하였다. 실험 결과는 앙상블 멤버들의 생성 타입에 따라 결합하는 모델 개수를 변화시켰을 때 가장 많은 기본 모델들을 가지는 앙상블에서의 제안 결합기법이 부도예측에 가장 자주 사용되는 다른 방법들에 비해서도 가장 높은 실적을 가진다는 것을 보였다. The prediction model is the main factor affecting the performance of a knowledge-based system for bankruptcy prediction. Earlier studies on prediction modeling have focused on the building of a single best model using statistical and artificial intelligence techniques. However, since the mid-1980s, integration of multiple techniques (hybrid techniques) and, by extension, combinations of the outputs of several models (ensemble techniques) have, according to the experimental results, generally outperformed individual models. An ensemble is a technique that constructs a set of multiple models, combines their outputs, and produces one final prediction. The way in which the outputs of ensemble members are combined is one of the important issues affecting prediction accuracy. A variety of combination schemes have been proposed in order to improve prediction performance in ensembles. Each combination scheme has advantages and limitations, and can be influenced by domain and circumstance. Accordingly, decisions on the most appropriate combination scheme in a given domain and contingency are very difficult. This paper proposes a confidence-based selection approach as part of an ensemble bankruptcy-prediction scheme that can measure unified confidence, even if ensemble members produce different types of continuous-valued outputs. The present experimental results show that when varying the number of models to combine, according to the creation type of ensemble members, the proposed combination method offers the best performance in the ensemble having the largest number of models, even when compared with the methods most often employed in bankruptcy prediction.

음포혈(陰包, LR9)에서 펄스형 전자기장 및 가시광 LED 복합 자극이 대퇴부 근피로 회복에 미치는 영향 분석

이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),김정윤 ( Jung Yoon Kim ),박선우 ( Sun Woo Park ),김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이희영 ( Hee Young Lee ),안순재 ( Soon Jae Ahn ),김영호 ( Young Ho Kim ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2011 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop the combined medical stimulus system consisted of the PEMFs (Pulsed electromagnetic fields) and LED which are able to stimulate local point such as acupoints and trigger points. Methods : To evaluate the therapeutic effect on the musculoskeletal disorders and the possibility of alternative method on manual acupuncture, we compared the fatigue recovery of two groups by analyzing the EMG and peak torque (non-stimulation and, stimulation group) after strenuous knee exercise. We chose the LR9 as a stimulation point. Results : The median frequency (MF) and fatigue index (F.I) of the stimulation group were recovered faster than those of the non-stimulation group. Also the peak torques of both groups were not restored until after 20 minutes. However, the peak torque of the stimulation group was regained higher than that of the non-stimulation group. Conclusions : We confirmed that the proposed combined stimulus system had useful effects as treatment instrument of musculoskeletal disorder using non-invasive method of PEMFs and LED.

운동 수행의 붕괴 : 얼어붙음 현상에 대한 고찰

김나라(Kim Na-Ra),문창일(Mun Chang-Il) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

People have experienced unexpected performance degradation, when performing under pressure. In the sporting context, this phenomenon is commonly known as ‘choking under pressure’. Choking refers to performance decrements under pressure circumstances. Many social psychologists and sport psychologists have produced a number of important findings regarding the variables that relate to ‘choking under pressure'. A number of models have been proposed as useful frameworks for investigating and describing ‘choking under pressure'. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of ‘choking under pressure’ remains unexplained. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to critically evaluate these approaches that have been utilized within the choking under pressure literature. This article offers a critical appraisal of controversial issues related to the definition of this phenomenon and provides an overview of two mechanisms which have been proposed to account for this phenomenon. Also, Research specifically investigating choking in golf was addressed in this article, because in choking research, the ‘yips’ in golf has been most frequently studied. In addition, a qualitative study was conducted to identify the feature of the phenomenon in Korean athletes. Alongside this, practical implications emerging from this research base are outlined and future recommendations are suggested that may be of benefit to sports practitioners and researchers alike in Korea.

제조원이 다른 떡차의 특수성분 분석 및 항산화활성 평가

이나라(Na Ra Lee),김기안(Gee An Kim),이유건(Yu Geon Lee),정다은(Da Eun Jeong),김수로(Soo Ro Kim),조정용(Jeong-Yong Cho),마승진(Seung-Jin Ma),김선재(Seon-Jae Kim),박근형(Keun-Hyung Park),문제학(Jae-Hak Moon) 한국차학회 2013 한국차학회지 Vol.19 No.1

우리나라의 전통차 중의 하나이면서 일반적으로 미생물 발효차로 분류되어 온 떡차의 함유성분 분석을 통해 그 특징을 검토해온 일련의 선행연구 결과들로부터 떡차가 미생물발효차보다는 오히려 우롱차나 홍차와 같은 효소발효차의 특성에 더 가까운 경향을 보임을 제시해왔다. 이에 본연구에서는 보다 다양한 시료들을 분석함으로써 떡차의 일반적인 특성을 제시하기 위한 추가 연구로써 제조원이 다른 세 회사 떡차를 저장시기별로 확보하여 다양한 분석을 행하였다. 그 결과 총 catechin, 총 theaflavin류, caffeine, gallic acid, 총 페놀성 화합물 및 tocopherol류의 함량, 그리고 색도와 DPPH radical-scavenging 활성 변화에 있어 caffeine과 총 페놀성 화합물의 함량은 특정한 변화 경향을 보이지 않았으며, 그 외의 다른 인자들의 경우 제품 또는 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화경향이 일부 관찰되기는 하였으나, 이 결과들로부터 떡차의 제조과정 및 저장기간 동안에 미생물의 작용이 관여하지 않았거나 그 정도가 매우 미약했을 가능성이 시사되었다. 이에 본 연구에 있어서도 떡차를 미생물발효차로 분류할 수 있는 분명한 근거는 확보되지 못한 것으로 판단된다. Ddeok cha, a Korean traditional tea, has been known as a microbial-fermented tea but it was recently questioned whether ddeok cha is really microbial-fermented tea. Therefore, in the present study, the characteristic constituents and antioxidative activity of ddeok cha from different makers were examined as a function of time. The contents of caffeine and total phenolics did not change significantly. On the other hand, the contents of total catechins, theaflavins, gallic acid, tocopherols, color values and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activities showed partial changes. Nevertheless, the changes were not sufficient to confirm that ddeok cha is a microbial fermented tea.

생활협동조합 매장의 그린마케팅 전략에 대한 소비자회원의 인지도 분석 -한살림천안아산생협 매장을 중심으로-

김호,이나라,Kim, Ho,Lee, Na-Ra 한국유기농업학회 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.3

The paper analyzed on the level of consumer member's awareness to green marketing strategies (4P's; product, price, place and promotion strategies) of Hansalim specialty shops for environmentally friendly agri-products. For the study, Hansalim-Cheonanasan members had been surveyed. Consumers purchase environmentally friendly agri-products because quality and freshness of those is good. The difference in amount of the average monthly purchase between loyal customers and disloyal customers is about 130,000 won. And customer's awareness is that the first is promotion strategy, the second product strategy, the third place strategy, the last price strategy. The average monthly purchase is related with product strategy in correlations between the 4P's each other. If Hansalim maintains a product strategy, promotes extensively and keeps their product standard, more consumers will purchase Hansalim products because the most important one of effect of green marketing strategies on consumer behavior is products. Hansalim needs to go into action to increase recognition. Some of consumers have misconcepts or don't know about the 4P's well. If Hansalim promotes positively considering interrelationship about 4P's strategies or other strategies, the consumers awareness will be changed more effectively. This study shows that balanced 4P's is better than only one superior strategy because of the correlation amomg green marketing strategies.

음압자극에 대한 경락의 근전도 및 경혈의 수분도.탄성도 변화 분석

김수병,이나라,주예일,정병조,이용흠,Kim, Soo-Byeong,Lee, Na-Ra,Joo, Yea-Il,Jung, Byung-Jo,Lee, Yong-Heum 한국정보통신학회 2010 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.14 No.12

부항요법은 다양한 질환에 치료목적으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 부항에 대한 경락과 경혈의 상태 변화에 관한 연구가 전무한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 부항자극에 대한 경락경혈의 상태변화를 분석하여 인체 전체에 미치는 파급효과를 확인하고자하였다. 이에 일정 음압(30kPa)으로 자극 가능한 시스템을 개발하였으며, 좌측 수태음폐경(LU)의 협백(LU4)과 척택(LU5)의 경락선상 중간지점을 자극하였다. 좌/우 수태음폐경의 경혈 및 비경혈에서 수분, 탄성도를 측정하였으며 상완이두박근에서 EMG 신호를 자극 전/후 측정하여 부항 요법이 인체에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 자극 전/후 수분의 변화는 12.49%로 미비하였으며, 탄성도는 64.42%로 높은 변화를 확인하였다. 또한, 경혈이 비경혈 보다 탄성도 변화가 많았으며, 좌측보다 우측에서의 탄성도 변화가 많이 관찰되었다. 좌/우 EMG 신호의 RMS와 Median Power가 유의하게 낮아졌으나 Median frequency에서는 유의성을 확인할 수 없었다. 따라서, 음압자극은 경락경혈의 탄성도 및 근전도 변화를 유도함으로써 인체 전체에 파급적 효과를 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다. Cupping therapy has been used to extensive diseases. However, the research was yet to meridian and acupoint's change of state caused by Cupping. This study was considered a human-ripple effect by the anlaysis of meridian & acupoint's change of state. We developed the system which is keeps 30kPa Negative-pressure and stimulated on the Left Lung Meridian(LU) a halfway point between LU4 and LU5. We checked moisture and elasticity change on left/right acupoints & non-acupoints, then measured EMG Signal. We observed that moisture had little change(12.49%) and the better part of the elasticity on both sides had identified the change(64.42%). The number of the provoked acupoiunt elasticity change was more than non-acupoint. Also, elasticity change of Right side was more than Left side. We confirmed that RMS and Median Power change patterns were lower in proportional to the elastin change, but there was no significance about Median Frequency. Therefore inducing the change of elasticity and EMG signal on meridian-acupoints. Therefore, We checked the human-ripple effect Negative-pressure by the Cupping therapy.