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2017년 제주시 대기 중 PM<sub>2.5</sub>의 화학적 조성과 오염원 추정
김수미 ( Su-mi Kim ),김길성 ( Kil-seong Kim ),현성수 ( Sung-su Hyun ),김정하 ( Jeong-ha Kim ),김명찬 ( Myeong-chan Kim ),김봉진 ( Bong-jin Kim ),이기호 ( Ki-ho Lee ) 한국환경분석학회 2018 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.21 No.2
In this study, to characterize chemical compositions and identify the sources of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the urban area of Jeju, Korea, PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound concentrations of 8 ionic species and 12 elements were measured from samples collected at the downtown area from January to December 2017. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to these PM<sub>2.5</sub> data-sets to identify the diverse sources in Jeju City. The average PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentration for the study period was 18.31±9.72 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. The contributions of water-soluble ionic species, elements and unknown components to PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass were 55.8%, 2.1%, and 42.0%, respectively. PMF analysis showed that a total of six source types were identified to be important. These sources are the industry related source, secondary sulfate and oil combustion, soil, biomass burning and vehicles, secondary nitrate, and sea salt.
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이기호,김수미,김길성,허철구,Lee, Ki-Ho,Kim, Su-Mi,Kim, Kil-Seong,Hu, Chul-Goo 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.5
This study investigated the nitrate formation process, and mass closure of Particulate Matter (PM) were calculated over the urbanized area of Jeju Island. The data for eight water-soluble inorganic ions and nineteen elements in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> were used. The results show that the nitrate concentration increased as excess ammonium increased in ammonium-rich samples. Furthermore, nitrate formation was not as important in ammonium-poor samples as it was in previous studies. According to the sum of the measured species, approximately 45~53% of gravimetric mass of PM remained unidentified. To calculate the mass closure for both PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>, PM chemical components were categorized into secondary inorganic aerosol, crustal matter, sea salt, trace matter and unidentified matter. The results by the mass reconstruction of PM components show that the portion of unidentified matter was decreased from 52.7% to 44.0% in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and from 45.1% to 29.1% in PM<sub>10</sub>, despite the exclusion of organic matter and elemental carbon.
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광촉매를 병합한 플라즈마 공정을 이용한 폐수에 함유된 살충제 분해
현영진 ( Young Jin Hyun ),장두일 ( Doo Il Jang ),김길성 ( Kil Seong Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2013 공업화학 Vol.24 No.1
광촉매 혼성 저온 플라즈마는 폐수에 함유된 유기물을 분해시키는 효과적인 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 광촉매가 결합된 특별히 설계된 유전체 방전 시스템을 골프장이나 감귤농가에서 흔히 살포되는 디크로보스, 카보퓨란 및 메치다치온 살충제의 분해에 적용하였다. 단독 및 병합 시스템에서 살충제의 분해를 평가하였다. 단독 시스템은 UV의 차폐 유무 및 산소기체와 공기에 의한 오존(각종 반응 활성종들 포함) 플라즈마를 이용하였다. 혼성 시스템은 UV로 활성화된 산화아연, 이산화티타늄과 그래파이트 옥사이드와 결합하여 공기에 의한 플라즈마 반응에 적용하였다. 그래파이트 옥사이드는 모사 허머스 법으로 제조하여 FT-IR 분광기로 성능을 측정하였다. 반응시간 60 min에서 UV를 차폐하고 공기를 이용한 플라즈마 반응에 의한 분해성능과 비교하였으며, UV로 활성화된 그래파이트 옥사이드(0.01 g/L)와 결 합된 플라즈마 반응은 디크로보스와 카보퓨란의 각각 100% 분해도를 보였다. UV를 활용한 광촉매 혼성 플라즈마는 살충제를 분해시키는 효과적인 대안으로 입증되었다. Nonthermal plasma hybridized with photocatalysts is proven to be an effective tool to degrade toxic organics in wastewater. In this study, a specially designed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system combined with photocatalysts was applied to decompose pestiticides such as dichlorovos, carbofuran and methidathon, which are frequently used in the golf courses and the orange plantations. The degradations of the pesticides in single and coupled systems were evaluated. The single system was used with ozone plasma which consisted of electrons, radicals, ions produced by oxygen gas and air, with and without ultra-violet (UV) irradiation, respectively. The coupled systems utilized the air-derived ozone plasma combined with zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and graphite oxide photocatalyst activated by UV. The graphite oxide was synthesized by a modified Hummer`s method and characterized using FTIR spectrometer. It was elucidated that the plasma reaction with graphite oxide (0.01 g/L) brought about almost 100% of degradation degrees for dichlorovos and carbofuran in 60 min, as compared with the performances showed by no catalyst condition. The photocatalyst-hybridized plasma in the presence of UV irradiation was proven to be an effective alternative for degrading pesticides.
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천연 및 합성 제올라이트의 Triadimefon 흡, 탈착 특성
감상규,김길성,안병준,이민규 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.2
제올라이트의 농약 흡·탈착 특성을 살펴보기 위해 천연제올라이트(CLI_N), 석탄재로부터 합성된 Faujasite 제올라이트(FAU_F), 스코리아와 석탄재를 6:4의 비율로 하여 합성한 FAU와 Na-Pl이 혼합된 제올라이트[(FAU+Na-Pl)_SF], 폐 유동층 촉매 분해반응촉매(FCC_W) 등을 이용하여 골프장에 살포되고 있는 triazole류 살균제인 triadimefon에 대해 각 제올라이트와 triadimefon 상호간의 흡·탈착, triadimefon 흡착에 미치는 용액의 pH, 온도 영향 등에 대하여 검토하였다. 제올라이트 종류에 따른 triadimefon의 분배계수 K_D 및 Freundlich 흡착상수인 K_F는 FCC_W>FAU_F>(FAU+Na-Pl)_SF>CLI_N의 순으로 감소하였다. 천연 제올라이트인 CLI_N에 흡착된 triadimefon은 4회 연속적인 탈착실험 동안 쉽게 탈착이 일어나 탈착등온선이 흡착등온선에 접근하였으나, 합성 제올라이트의 경우 탈착되는 triadimefon의 양이 매우 적어 흡착등온선과 크게 벗어나는 이력현상을 보였다. 또한 이력현상은 농약의 농도가 감소할수록, 그리고 triadimefon에 대한 흡착능이 큰 제올라이트일수록 증가하였다. Adsorption-desorption characteristics of triadimefon(pesticide) by natural zeolite(CLI_N) and several synthetic zeolites was investigated. The synthetic zeolites used in this study were as follows: Faujasite(FAU_S) synthesized from coal fly ash; the mixture of FAU and Na-Pl synthesized from the ratio of Jeju scoria 6 to coal fly ash 4 by weight (FAU+Na-Pl)_SF; waste fluid catalytic cracking catalyst(FCC_W). The distribution coefficient, K_D and Freundlich constant, K_F decreased in the following sequences: FCC_W>FAU_F>(FAU+Na-Pl)_SF>CLI_N among the zeolites. The desorption characteristics of triadimefon adsorbed on zeolites was greatly different among natural and synthetic zeolites, i.e., the desorption of triadimefon occurred easily during four successive desorption cycles for natural zeolite CLI_N, however, for synthetic zeolites, it leaded to poorly defined desorption isotherms with very small triadimefon concentrations desorbed, greatly deviated from the adsorption isotherms, indicating the severe hysterisis. The hysterisis was more evident in more adsorptive zeolites and at lower triadimefon concentrations.
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