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이덕무(李德懋)의 김창협(金昌協)비평 수용 연구 -이규보(李奎報)에 대한 비평을 중심으로-
김경 ( Kim Kyung ) 민족어문학회 2016 어문논집 Vol.- No.78
본고는 李德懋의 비평형성에 있어서 金昌協과의 영향관계를 파악하고자 하는 것이다. 즉 이덕무가 어떤 경로로 김창협의 비평관을 접하게 되었고, 무엇 때문에 김창협을 적극적으로 수용하려 하였는가라는 의문을 구명한 것이다. 이를 위해 李奎報 漢詩에 대한 비평에 한정하여 김창협의 「雜識外篇」 25칙과이덕무의 「李春卿」을 비교분석하였다. 먼저 이덕무가 유독 農巖系 문인들 중 李縡의 문하생들과 교유양상을 보여주는 것은 처가의 영향이라 할 수 있다. 또한 이들 문하생 중 이덕무와 직접적인 교류를 보인 인물은 金鍾厚와 金用謙인데, 특히 김용겸은 이덕무가 김창협의 문풍을 수용하는 과정에 있어 가장 큰영향을 준 인물이었다. 다음으로는 이규보 한시에 대한 비평인 김창협의 「잡지외편」 25칙과 이덕무의 「이춘경」을 비교분석하였다. 이덕무가 김창협의 비평에서 주목한 점은 첫째는 치밀한 비평과 전대 비평에 대한 비판적 수용태도이고, 둘째는 창작 태도와 관련된 작가에게 요구되는 내적수양의 중시였다. 이덕무와 김창협은 주자학을 바탕으로 하면서도 문예영역에서 유연한 자세를 보인다는 측면에서 유사한 면모를 확인하였고, 이를 통해 이덕무의 이러한 비평태도가 김창협과 연계되어 있다는 점 역시 알 수 있었다. 하지만, 창작에 있어서 이덕무는 작가의 내적조건보다 창작태도를 우선시 하였는데, 이는 김창협의 비평을 재해석하려는 태도였다. 따라서 이덕무는 김창협 비평에 대해 모방이 아니라, 무엇보다 그의 비평태도와 학문적 자세에 주목하여 적극적인 수용 자세를 보였고 비평에서도 이에 상응하는 모습을 보인 것이다. This paper aims to grasp the influential relationship with Kim Changhyeop in a development of Lee Deokmu`s literary criticism. In other word, it investigates questions about how Lee Deokmu encounters Kim Changhyeop`s critical perspectives and why he tries to accept it actively. To this end, I verified in which way Lee Deokmu accepted for Kim Changhyeop`s literary criticism and comparatively analyzed Kim`s Number 25 of 「JapJiOePyeon」 and Lee`s 「LeeChunGyeong」. Firstly, Lee Deokmu had associated particularly with disciples of Lee Jae among the line of NongAm because of his wife`s family. This explains in which way Lee Deokmu accepted for Kim`s literary criticism. Among these disciples, Kim Jonghu and Kim Yonggyeom had interacted with Lee Deokmu directly. Especially Kim Yonggyeom had the greatest impact in a process of his reception for the literary spirit of Kim Changhyeop. Secondly, I comparatively analyzed Kim`s Number 25 of 「JapJiOePyeon」 and Lee`s 「LeeChunGyeong」. Lee Deokmu focuses on Kim Changhyeop`s literary criticism in two points. Lee concentrates on Kim`s precise literary criticism and his critical attitude of accepting the criticisms of previous generations. And Lee focuses on his attitude of writing and his emphasis on a inner cultivation. I confirmed that they were similar in their stances, which was flexible toward literature even though it was based on the neo-Confucianism. I also assured that Lee Deokmu`s such attitude toward criticism was closely linked to Kim Changhyeop. However, Lee Deokmu gave his priority to writer`s attitude of writing over his inner condition in creative writing. That is a reinterpretation to Kim Changhyeop` literary criticism. Consequently, it can be said that Lee Deokmu is not a mere imitator but an active accepter of Kim Changhyeop by focusing on his critical and academic attitudes.
환경강화와 말초신경 전기자극이 뇌손상 백서의 기능회복에 미치는 영향
김사열,김태열,오명화,김용억,장미경,심기철,김계엽,Kim, Sa-Youl,Kim, Tae-Youl,Oh, Myung-Hwa,Kim, Young-Eok,Chang, Mee-Kyung,Sim, Ki-Cheol,Kim, Gye-Yeop 대한물리치료학회 2007 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Purpose: To investigate and analyze effects of environmental enrichment(EE) and nerve stimulation that follows in application times with change of functional recovery(1, 3, 7 and 14 days). Methods: Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in 100 Sprauge-Dawley rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). Neurobehavioral assessment were selected, such as tilting plane testing, horizontal wire testing, vestibulomotor function testing and complex neuromotor function test, then they were randomly divided into five groups; Group I : Sham group, Group II: MCAO group, Group III: MCAO and ES group, Group IV: MCAO and EE group, Group V: MCAO and EE and ES group. Results: In neurobehavioral assessment, group V were significantly difference from other groups on between-subject effects. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in focal ishemic brain injury, combined environmental enrichment and peripheral nerve electrical stimulation is more improved that the improvement of exercise function recovery than non treatment group.
김지주 ( Ji Ju Kim ),서길준 ( Gil Joon Suh ),정기영 ( Ki Young Jeong ),권운용 ( Woon Yong Kwon ),김경수 ( Kyung Su Kim ),이휘재 ( Hui Jai Lee ),김영철 ( Yeong Cheol Kim ),최석호 ( Seok Ho Choi ),이영호 ( Young Ho Lee ),이경학 ( Ky 대한외상학회 2011 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.24 No.2
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the trauma care system of our hospital, in which emergency physicians care for major trauma patients in the emergency intensive care unit (ICU) in consultation with intervention radiologists and surgeons. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in an emergency ICU of a tertiary referral hospital. We enrolled consecutive patients who had been admitted to our emergency ICU with major trauma from March 2007 to September 2010. We collected data with respect to demographic findings, mechanisms of injury, the trauma and injury severity score (TRISS), emergency surgery, angiographic intervention, and 6-month mortality. Then, we compared the observed and predicted survivals of the patients. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration plots by using 10 groups, one for each decile, of predicted mortality were used to evaluate the fitness of TRISS. P-values of greater than 0.05 represent a fair calibration. Results: Among 116 patients, 12 (10.34%) were dead within 6 months after admission to the ICU, and 29 (25.00%) and 38 (32.80%) patients received emergency surgery and angiographic intervention, respectively. The mean injury severity score and revised trauma score were 36.97±17.73 and 7.84±6.75, respectively. The observed survival and the predicted survival of the TRISS were 89.66% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 84.03~95.28%) and 69.85% (95% CI: 63.80~75.91%), respectively. The calibration plots showed that the observed survival of our patients was consistently higher than the predicted survival of the TRISS (p<0.001). Conclusion: The observed survival for the trauma care system of our hospital, in which emergency physi-cians care for major trauma patients in the emergency ICU in consultation with intervention radiologists and surgeons, was higher than the predicted survival of the TRISS.
Visual Analogue Scale과 R(III) Nociceptive Flexion Reflex와의 상관관계
김용익(Yong Ik Kim),김상현(Sang Hyun Kim),이주철(Ju Chul Lee),전재수(Jae Soo Jeon),황경호(Kyung Ho Hwang),박욱(Wook Park) 대한통증학회 2000 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.13 No.2
N/A Background: Pain is often measured using psychophysical scaling techniques. However, all of these methods found their limits, since they were based on the subjective sensations reported by the subjects. It is, therefore, desirable to validate psychophysical pain measures by simultaneously measuring some physiological correlate of nociception. We studied an objective method for measuring pain in human volunteer using R(III) nociceptive flexion reflex. Methods: Four different intensity of electrical stimuli between perception and 1.4 times the R(III) nociceptive flexion threshold were delivered to the sole of the feet in 8 normal volunteers. We measured the flexion reflex activity in the skin over the ipsilateral tibialis anterior muscle and subjects rated each stimulus on a visual analog scale (VAS) Results: Both R(III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity and VAS ratings showed a linear relationship with stimulus intensity and with each other in all volunteers. Conclusions: R(III) nociceptive flexion reflex elicited through electrical stimulation may used as an objective pain measurement, previsionary based on our study paradigm.
해조류 추출물의 Xanthine Oxidase 저해작용
김외경(Oe-Kyung Kim),이태기(Tae-Gee Lee),박영범(Yeung-Beom Park),박덕천(Duck-Chun Park),이용우(Yong-Woo Lee),여생규(Saeng-Gyu Yeo),김인수(In-Soo Kim),박영호(Yeung-Ho Park),김선봉(Seon-Bong Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1996 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.25 No.6
해조류의 기능특성 해석의 일환으로 해조류 중 갈조류인 미역(Undaria pinnatifida), 감태(Ecklonia stolonifera), 곰피(Ecklonia cava), 다시마(Laminaria japonica) 및 모자반(Sargassum fulvellum)과 녹조류인 청각(Codium fragile), 파래(Enteromorpha compressa) 및 홍조류인 김(Porphyra tenera) 등을 시료로 하여, 생체내 퓨린대사에서 xanthine 및 hypoxanthine으로 부터 요산을 형성, 혈액 중 이상 고요산 증상에 의하여 신장질환 및 통풍을 유발하는 효소인 xanthine oxidase 저해작용에 대하여 살펴 본 결과, 갈조류의 다시마과 Ecklonia속인 감태와 곰피가 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었으며, 용매 추출물에 있어서는 diethyl ether>ethyl acetate>chloroform>수용성 획분의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 xanthine oxidase 저해작용이 가장 높은 감태 diethyl ether 추출물을 silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography 및 HPLC를 통하여 xanthine oxidase 저해인자를 분리한 결과, xanthine oxidase 저해작용이 가장 강한 활성성분은 420, 456, 467㎚에서 흡수파장을 가지는 물질로서, 이는 siphonaxanthine인 것으로 추정되었다. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by seaweed extracts obtained from Undaria pinnatifida, Ecklonia stolonifera, Ecklonia cava, Laminaria japonica, Sargassum fulvellum, Codiumfragile, Enteromorpha compressa and Porphyra tenera were investigated. Extracts of E. stolonifera and E. cava remarkably inhibited xanthine oxidase activity compared to those of other seaweed. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of E. cava was higher than that of E. stolonifera. Diethyl ether extract from E. cava was more effective in the inhibition of xanthine oxidase than other solvent extracts. Two xanthine oxidase inhibitors(A-l and A-2) from diethyl ether extract were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of these compounds were 27.8 and 48.1% per 0.4㎎, respectively. The active compound A-2 had absorption peak at 420㎚, 456㎚ and 467㎚, which can be considered as siphonaxanthine.