도시와 기업과 근로자 도시경영과 노사분규 - 대규모 공업도시를 중심으로 -

곽만섭 대한지방행정공제회 1989 도시문제 Vol.24 No.8

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中央·地方政府間 關係의 比較硏究 : Hood의 政策道具桶 模型을 중심으로

곽만섭 동아대학교 부설 사회과학연구소 1994 사회과학논집 Vol.11 No.-

韓國 山林行政의 歷史的 展開

郭滿燮 東亞大學校 大學院 1995 大學院論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The objectives of this study are to analyze the trends and problems of Korean forestry policy by reviewing the development process of forestry administration from the dynastic period to the end of the Second 10-year Forest Development Plan(1987). For the desirable future of forestry administration, it is useful to recognize the real situation of the forests, which occupy 65% of the total land, and to examine newly the notion of the past forestry policy, organizations, and budgets. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Dynastic Period In the dynastic period, forest land was owned by the govemment as a rule ad people had equally utilized all of the forests except hereditary land,「restrained forest ad confine forest. 2. From Japanese Occupation to the Liberation Until the 19th century, Korean forests were generally covered by old-growth forests closed to natural forests. However, these forests were totally destroyed by over -cutting and illegal cutting for construction materials and fuel throughout the turmoil periods under the Japanese occupation(1910-1945) and the Korea War(1950-1953). 3. From the Korean War t 1961 (1950∼1961) From the liberation to 1961 forestry policy and administration were mainly executed in the field of forest protection on the basis of Japanese imperial statutes. 4. Establishment of Basic Framework of Forestry Adminstration (1961∼1966) The main results in this period were to establish the basic framework of forestry administration by various forest laws and a forest resources and forest ownership survey. The main concerns of forestry policy issues were still in forest protection while forest works to step up forest resources were limited. 5. Transferring Period from Forest Protection to Forest Works (1967∼1972) To get remedy ex-modernization and to intensively implement forestry policy. It was required to obtain budgets and persons and to establish organizations. In 1967, the Forestry Administration organized with 3 bureaus and 10 divisions under the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Form this period forestry policy had changed its direction from forest protection to forest works activities. However, the investment in forests activities and greening works in this period were very low level. Because policymakers laid press un the economic development, they didn't well recolonize forest works and budgets. In addition, the executive power of forestry organizations was too weak. Therefore, in 1973, for powerful reforestation performance and forest protection, the belonging of the Forestry Administration was changed to the Ministry of Home Affairs. 6. The First 10-Year Forest Development Plan A turning point in Korean forestry was witnessed in 1973 with the initiation of the First 10-Year Forest Development Plan which targeted the reforestation of denuded forest lands. One million hectares was to be planted within 10 years. Through the implementation of this movement the reforestation target of one million hectares, originally planned to be completed in 1982, was accomplished in 1978, after only 6 years, with the reforestation of 1.08 million hectares. Therefore, the Second 10-Year Forest Development Plan was started in 1979. During this period, remarkable progress was made in emphasizing forest proetction by restriction access to mountains and by the formation of rural fuelwood forests. (1973∼1978) 7. The Second 10-Year Forest Development Plan The basic objectives of the Second 10-Year Development Plan were to build large scale commercial forest zones in order to develop long-term timber resources. For efficient implementation of the plan, the government initiated various forest policies: the strengthening of the national reforestation plan, the expansion of forest protection activities, the enlargement of the forest development funds for supporting private forest management, grouping and enlarging the national forests, and the conduction of forest conservation projects for improving the public benefits of forests. (1970∼1987) Since the successful completion of the First and Second forest Development Plans, Korea has become and model country in the rapid reforestation of denuded lands. However, the denuded forest lands were reforested between 1973 and 1987, Korea still depends on foreign sources for timber, forest budget was unchanged and forest owners evaded investment as before. This results were due to many articles of the forest laws, sectionalism, free rider, the ignorance of policy makers and small budgets, etc.. In 1987 the belonging of the Forestry Administration was again changed to the Ministry of Agriculture. Forestry and Fisheries. Reason was because forestry administration was not only inseparably related to agricultural administration. In addition, there was a strong intention to connect forest activities with farming and fishing villages development plan. 8. The forest Resources Enhancement Plan (1988∼1997) Due to the large amounts of all types of pollution resulting from rapid industrialization and urbanization in the recent years, there has been a rapidly increasing demand for the public functions of the forests: clean water, fresh air, becautiful public scenery, etc.. In the future it is necessary not only for the government to increase public investments on forests and forestry, but also for private forest owners to voluntarily participate in forest management activities. In addition, to cope with the start of WTO systems the government had to strengthened finanicial support in the field of forest protection, wood utilization, and reforestation as well as international cooperation FAO and ITTO. In order to increase a competitive power of forestry activity, the objective of the Forest Resources Enhancement Plan(The third national forest plan), therefore, is to suffice these problems and harmonize between economic development of forests and improvement of public benefits from the forests.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces HMGB1 Secretion Through Post-Translational Modification and PANoptosis

곽만섭,Choi Seoyeon,Kim Jiseon,Lee Hoojung,Park In Ho,Oh Jooyeon,Mai Duong Ngoc,Cho Nam-Hyuk,Nam Ki Taek,Shin Jeon-Soo 대한면역학회 2023 Immune Network Vol.23 No.3

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and cell death, leading to organ damage and mortality. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the damage-associated molecular patterns that can be secreted by pro-inflammatory stimuli, including viral infections, and its excessive secretion levels are related to a variety of inflammatory diseases. Here, the aim of the study was to show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced HMGB1 secretion via active and passive release. Active HMGB1 secretion was mediated by post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, and oxidation in HEK293E/ACE2-C-GFP and Calu-3 cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Passive release of HMGB1 has been linked to various types of cell death; however, we demonstrated for the first time that PANoptosis, which integrates other cell death pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is related to passive HMGB1 release during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, cytoplasmic translocation and extracellular secretion or release of HMGB1 were confirmed via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in the lung tissues of humans and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-overexpressing mice infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Inflammasome-Dependent Peroxiredoxin 2 Secretion Induces the Classical Complement Pathway Activation

박철호,이현숙,곽만섭,신전수 대한면역학회 2021 Immune Network Vol.21 No.5

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitously expressed peroxidases that reduce hydrogen peroxide or alkyl peroxide production in cells. Prxs are released from cells in response to various stress conditions, and they function as damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. However, the secretory mechanism of Prxs and their roles have not been elucidated. Thus, we aimed to determine whether inflammasome activation is a secretory mechanism of Prxs and subsequently identify the effect of the secreted Prxs on activation of the classical complement pathway. Using J774A.1, a murine macrophage cell line, we demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation induces Prx1, Prx2, Prx5, and Prx6 secretion in a caspase-1 dependent manner. Using HEK293T cells with a transfection system, we revealed that the release of Prx1 and Prx2 relies on gasdermin-D (GSDMD)-mediated secretion. Next, we confirmed the binding of both Prx1 and Prx2 to C1q; however, only Prx2 could induce the C1q-mediated classical complement pathway activation. Collectively, our results suggest that inflammasome activation is a secretory mechanism of Prxs and that GSDMD is a mediator of their secretion. Moreover, secreted Prx1 and Prx2 bind with C1q, but only Prx2 mediates the classical complement pathway activation.

The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Innate Immunity

이신애,신전수,곽만섭,김솔 연세대학교의과대학 2014 Yonsei medical journal Vol.55 No.5

With growing accounts of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, greater understandingthe immune system and the mechanisms of cellular immunity have become primaryobjectives in immunology studies. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is implicated in various aspects of the innate immune system as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule and a late mediator of inflammation, as well as in principal cellular processes, such as autophagy and apoptosis. HMGB1 functions in the nucleus as a DNA chaperone; however, it exhibits cytokine-like activity when secreted by injurious or infectious stimuli. Extracellular HMGB1 acts through specific receptors to promote activation of the NF-κB signalingpathway, leading to production of cytokines and chemokines. These findings furtherimplicate HMGB1 in lethal inflammatory diseases as a crucial regulator of inflammatory,injurious, and infectious responses. In this paper, we summarize the role of HMGB1 in inflammatory and non-inflammatory states and assess potential therapeuticapproaches targeting HMGB1 in inflammatory diseases.