Novosphingobium pentaromtivorans US6-1에 의한 고분자 방향족 탄화수소 생분해과정에서 2-hydroxypropyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin의 영향

강지현,권개경,김상진,Kang Ji-Hyun,Kwon Kae Kyoung,Kim Sang-Jin 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2004 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.7 No.3

포접력을 지닌 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(β-HPCD)을 비롯한 cyclodextrin계 화합물은 소수성 유기물질의 용해도를 증가시킴으로써 미생물에 의한 분해를 촉진시키나 그 외의 자세한 기작은 알려져 있지 않다. 본 실험에서는 β-HPCD 유무에 따라 고분자 PAHs 분해력을 지닌 Novosphingobium pentaromtivorans US6-1 균주의 pyrene라 benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)의 분해정도, 이때의 biomass 변화 및 dioxygenase활성을 측정함으로써 PAHs 생분해과정에서 β-HPCD의 역할을 규명하고자 하였다. 실험구는 균주와 PAHs, β-HPCD의 존재 유무에 따라 8개 조건으로 준비하였으며 각 실험구의 배양기간에 따른 PAHs 분해도와 생체량의 변화를 측정하였다. Pyrene의 경우 β-HPCD가 존재함에 따라 분해도가 증진되는 것이 확인되었으며, 특히 B[a]P의 분해에는 β-HPCD가 필수요소로 작용하였다. 생체량의 변화는 PAHs의 존재 유무에 영향을 받지 않았고 β-HPCD의 존재 유무에 따라 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 US6-1 균주는 β-HPCD가 포함된 MM2 무기영양배지에서 전배양 할 때에 ZoBell 배지에서 전배양하는 경우에 비해 catechol-1,2-dioxygenase 효소활성이 높은 것으로 나타났으나 그 값은 빈영양상태에서 배양한 세포의 효소환성과 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 β-HPCD는 PAHs의 이용성을 높여주는 동시에 탄소원으로 이용되어 균주의 생체량 증가에 기여함으로써 PAMs의 분해력을 증진시키지만 dioxygenase 효소활성에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 사료된다. Cyclodextrin compounds including 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(β-HPCD) though to be accelerate the biodegradation of PAHs molecule by increasing solubility of PAHs through detaining PAHs in their's cavity. However, only this mechanism is not sufficient to explain the enhancement of PAHs biodegradation by β-HPCD. To find out possible additional role of β-HPCD in the enhancement of PAHs biodegradation, biodegradation rates of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) by a PAHs degrading Novosphingobium pentaromtivorans US6-1 strain were compared between with and without addition of β-HPCD. Changes of bacterial biomass were also measured simultaneously. In addition catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity was determined depending on pre-incubation conditions. As a result, β-HPCD accelerate the degradation rate of pyrene by strain US6-1 and especially the β-HPCD amendment was obligatory for the degradation of B[a]p. Bacterial biomass was responsible for β-HPCD, however, PAHs compounds such as pyrene and B[a]P did not contribute to the bacterial biomass. Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase specific activity of US6-l cells pre-cultured in MM2 medium containing l% β-HPCD was higher than that of cells pre-cultured in ZoBell medium. The former case also showed similar activity compared to that of cells serially starved in MM2 medium after grown in ZoBell medium. These results imply that the presence of β-HPCD accelerate the degradation of PAHs by increasing the bacterial biomass as well as by increasing the water solubility of PAHs.

집단급식용 생계육에서 분리된 Salmonella의 항생체 내성과 위생 처리제의 영향

강지현,이영덕,정기창,박종현,Kang, Ji-Hyun,Lee, Young-Duck,Jung, Ki-Chang,Park, Jong-Hyun 한국식품과학회 2001 한국식품과학회지 Vol.33 No.5

단체급식용으로 납품되는 생계육에서 Salmonella를 분리하여 생육제어를 위한 생리특성을 분석하였다. 계육의 총균수는 표피의 내부 살부위에서도 표피 균수의 약 10%정도가 검출되었으며 75 개 계육시료로부터 선택배지를 사용하여 분리한 후 최종적으로 51 주의 Salmonella를 동정하였다. 이들 균주 중 약 70%의 Salmonella는 4종 이상의 항생제에 내성을 보이는 다제내성균으로 보여 국내에서의 기 분리균에 비해서 높은 비율의 항생제에 대한 내성을 나타내었다. 이들 Salmonella에 대한 여러 가지 위생처리제인 유기산의 중 lactic acid와 trisodium phosphate를 agar disk diffusion으로 표준균주인 S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. typhimurium ATCC 12023, S. heidelberg and S. enteritidis(isolated from egg)와 비교하였다. Lactic acid는 분리된 Salmonella나 표준균주 모두 비슷한 정도의 내성을 보여 주었고 오히려 분리 Salmonella는 더 내성이 적었다. 그러나 최근에 중요시되는 trisodium phosphate에는 표준균주에 비하여 분리된 wild type에서 내성이 강한 균주가 거의 절반에 가까운 정도로 많음을 알 수가 있었다. 또한 trisodium phosphate에 대한 내성은 처리시간과 처리 후 재생배지에 따라 다르게 보여서 이들은 환경에 따 라 내성이 다르게 나타난다는 것을 알았다. 계육에 오염된 Salmonella는 wild type이므로 실제 위생처리제로 사용할 때는 좀더 철저한 처리가 요망되었다. 그러므로 집단 급식소에 납품되는 계육은 브로일러 사육단계에서의 항생제 관리와 도계과정으로부터 세균오염을 줄여야 하는 노력과 함께 이러한 식중독균의 제어를 위한 위생처리제에 대한 지속적인 기술개발도 필요할 것이다. To control the growth of Salmonella on raw chicken supplied in food service, they were isolated and analysed for their physiological characteristics. Total viable microbe counts under the skin of the chicken amounted to 10% of numbers on their skin. Fifty one of Salmonella were isolated and identified from 75 chicken carcass samples. About 70% of the isolates showed resistance to more than four antibiotics, which indicated very high resistance among the strains ever reported in Korea. Lactic acid and trisodium phosphate(TSP) as sanitizing agent were applied to the Salmonella spp. isolates by agar diffusion method. The resistance by isolates to those sanitizing agents was compared with type strains of S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, S. typhimurium ATCC 12023, S. heidelberg and S. enteritidis. The isolates showed similar or less resistance to the type strains as for the lactic acid. However, as for trisodium phosphate known recently as a good sanitizer, 50% of the isolates showed more resistant compared with the type strains. Also, the treatment time and regeneration medium affected significantly the resistance of the isolates, which indicates that more careful test might be needed for TSP's practical application to raw chicken. Therefore, From the results, it is suggested that antibiotic treatment during breeding broiler and contamination after slaughtering should be minimized along with careful use of sanitizing agent in order to ensure more safe raw chicken supply.

한국에서의 농산물 및 환경시료에서 노로바이러스와 위생지표세균의 모니터링

강지현(Ji Hyun Kang),심혜미(Hye Mee Shim),김광엽(Kwang Yup Kim) 한국식품과학회 2017 한국식품과학회지 Vol.49 No.2

노로바이러스는 국내에서도 지속적으로 유행성 바이러스성 위장염을 일으키고 있다. 노로바이러스 저감화사업단(NOROTECL)의 1중 2세부과제에서는 농산물의 노로바이러스 오염 원인을 추적조사하여 노로바이러스 전파를 예방하고 저감화하기 위한 과제를 수행하였다. 2015년 1월부터 11월 사이에 노로바이러스와 관련이 있을 것으로 추정되는 80개 농산물, 80개 토양, 78개 인체분변, 3개 가축분변, 80개 농업용수, 80개 하천수 시료를 대상으로 노로바이러스, Male specific coliphage (MSC), 위생지표세균(Coliform, E. coli) 세 가지 검사를 통해 오염현황을 조사하였다. Semi-nested PCR과 DNA sequencing을 통해 18개의 GenogroupI과 3개의 Genogroup II 노로바이러스가 총 18개의 시료에서 발견되었다. Genogroup이 확정된 노로바이러스에 대하여 RT-PCR을 진행하였다. 대장균군과 대장균은 농산물에서 68%와 1%, 토양에서 88%와 7.5%, 인체분변에서 44%와 12.8%, 가축 분변에서 67%와 67%, 농업용수에서 74%와 30%, 하천수에서 96%와 51%의 검출율을 각각 나타냈다. MSC 결과에서는 14개의 시료가 양성으로 나타났다. Norovirus causes frequent epidemic viral gastroenteritis in Korea. The team for the control of noroviral foodborne outbreaks (NOROTECL) executed a project to trace the cause of norovirus contamination in agricultural products and environmental samples to reduce norovirus outbreaks in Korea. Between January and November in 2015, the contaminations by norovirus and indicator microorganisms such as coliforms, Escherichia coil and male specific coliphage (MSC) were examined in 80 agricultural products, 80 soil samples, 78 human feces samples, 3 animal feces samples, 80 agricultural water samples and 80 river water samples. Semi-nested PCR and DNA sequencing revealed 18 genogroup I and 3 genogroup II noroviruses in a total of 18 samples. These noroviruses were validated by real-time (RT)-PCR analysis. For indicator microorganisms, coliform and E. coli were respectively detected in agricultural products (68, 1%), soils (88,7%), human feces (44, 12.8%), animal feces (67, 67%), agricultural waters (74, 30%) and river waters (96, 51%). The MSC results revealed 14 positive samples.

태권도장 서비스 공정성이 고객만족, 관계마케팅 및 고객충성도에 미치는 영향

강지현(Kang Ji-Hyun),전익기(Jeon Ik-Ki) 한국체육과학회 2008 한국체육과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Many taekwondo gyms are randomly established. Therefore, the gyms need to put efforts to secure competitiveness. Facilities and training programs of the gyms are becoming focus on trainees and their parents. More efficient management strategy became necessary considering the taekwondo gym as a commercial sports facility. Thus, this research would suggest basic data to establish marketing strategy of taekwondo gym by defining relationships among service fairness, customer satisfaction, relations marketing, and customer loyalty and suggest efficient management strategy. Parents of taekwondo trainees in Seoul and Gyeonggi area were setup as population of survey subject and samples were extracted with convenience sampling which is a non-probability sampling method. 420 parents participated in the survey, but 402 answered questionnaire sheets excluding 18 sheets that were considered as insincerely answered or had some unanswered questions. The data was processed using SPSS/PC+ 12.0K Version for Windows and AMOS 5.0 statistics program for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmative factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation model analysis, and got the following results. First, service fairness of taekwondo gym had significant effect on customer satisfaction. Second, service fairness of taekwondo gym had significant effect on relationship marketing. Third, service fairness of taekwondo gym had no significant effect on customer loyalty. Fourth, customer satisfaction of taekwondo gym had significant effect on relationship marketing. Fifth, relationship marketing of taekwondo gym had significant effect on customer loyalty.

황표지에 있어 < 작자의 희화화 (戱畵化) > 취향의 전개사고 - 연천춘정 (戀川春町)과 붕성당희삼이 (朋誠堂三二)를 중심으로 -

강지현(Ji Hyun Kang) 한국일본어문학회 2000 日本語文學 Vol.9 No.-

N/A N/A

패션브랜드의 사회적 책임활동 측정 척도 개발

강지현(Ji Hyun Kang),김현희(Hyun Hee Kim) 한국복식학회 2012 服飾 Vol.62 No.6

Much of the conceptual work in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) originated from studies that were conducted in general corporations; however, many issues were peculiar to the area of fashion brand social responsibility. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure the social responsibility of fashion brands in order to establish a specific, scientifically based marketing strategy. Through a literature review that disclosed 59 items regarding CSR and results from focus group interviews and exploratory factor analyses, we developed 23 items pertaining to fashion brand social responsibility. The measurement items were organized into five dimensions: economic, legal, ethical, environmental, and philanthropic responsibility. We found the 23-item scale to have good reliability and validity. We also found that fashion brand social responsibility positively influenced brand loyalty, including repurchase intention, continuance intention, and word of mouth. Thus, strategic planning for social responsibility in regards to fashion brands is essential in order to secure loyal customers, for both domestic and foreign brands compete in the fashion market.

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1에 의한 고분자 방향족 탄화수소 생분해과정에서 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin의 영향

강지현(Ji-Hyun Kang),권개경(Kae Kyoung Kwon),김상진(Sang-Jin Kim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2004 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.7 No.3

미국 남부 사회와 백인성 만들기 -『압살롬, 압살롬!』을 중심으로

강지현 ( Ji Hyun Kang ) 韓國世界文學比較學會 2009 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.26 No.-

The meaning of whiteness is a construct, not a given as universal and invincible. It is important that the white southerners after the Civil War are central to making whiteness and that the whiteness constructed in that space and time between Reconstruction and World War II have been considered Americaness. After the Civil War, Americans began transforming the meaning of race. Everything changed at the result of emancipation. Most of all, many white southerners had a fear of losing their masterhood over ex-slaves. Furthermore, the very social categories of difference that established white male power were in danger to be collapsed with the emergence of a new black middle class and possible miscegenation. To craft a new southern order and reconcile with the North, white southerners created their modern sense of themselves as different, invincibly, from African Americans. White southerners gave priority to race line over any other things, which led to the culture of segregation, one drop definition, and the very meaning of whiteness as nonblackness. William Faulkner`s Absalom, Absalom!, which covers from early nineteens to 1900s in the South, reveals the creation of whiteness as a modern racial identity. Thomas Sutpen, who originates from poor white class, tries to recognize himself as a white patriarch with absolute power and a planter with many slaves. Sutpen sacrifices the others of race, gender, and class to accomplish his design. It is remarkable that Sutpen, an empty center, never speaks of his own past for himself. Four narrators -Mr. Compson, Quentin Compson, Shreve McCannon, and Rosa Coldfield-respectively reconstruct Sutpen`s past and their reconstruction reveals how whiteness as a modern racial identity is created and changed.

미국 남부와 백인성 만들기: 윌리엄 포크너의 『내려가라, 모세야』와 『팔월의 빛』을 중심으로

강지현 ( Ji Hyun Kang ) 미국소설학회(구 한국호손학회) 2010 미국소설 Vol.17 No.3

Whiteness as a counterpart of Blackness is an invention and a pretense that white people are superior to black people in every way. However inaccurate and untrue, whiteness has been considered Americanness since it was constructed in the South after the Civil War. Many white Southerners had a fear of losing their masterhood over ex-slaves, so it was extremely urgent to find a new way to craft new racial orders such as one drop rule, culture of segregation, racial etiquette, black beast rapist myth, mammy myth, Old South myth. These entire methods to keep blacks in their `place` were throughly entrenched, taking full advantage of the threatening systems and the ultimate menace of lynching. This oppressive and terrifying Southern Way to control freed blacks and establish white superiority at all costs was adopted as the American Way following the First World War. William Faulkner represents whiteness as terrifying and terrorizing in Go Down, Moses and Light in August, which cover from the antebellum South to the modern South in 1940. In Light in August, the Jefferson community defines Joe Christmas as a black, lynches, and finally castrates him, alleging him as a black beast rapist, even though it is not certain that he is really a black. In Go Down, Moses, Isaac McCaslin repudiates his patrimony to expiate ancestor`s wrong and shame. Most of all, his ancestor`s wrong is related to a slave named Eunice and her descendents. Lucius Quintus Carothers McCaslin and its people, namely, the South in microcosm. The significance of the definition of who is black and the unique history of black-white relations in the South show that race as well as racism is a conceptual and historical construct.

전사(塡詞),서문(序文),련명(連名)에 나타나는 악정상(岳亭像) -2세악정(岳亭) 관련 편저술서목 연표 구축을 위하여-

강지현 ( Ji Hyun Kang ) 한국일어일문학회 2014 日語日文學硏究 Vol.89 No.2

I examined his role in the world of the Japanese literature of the mid-19th century. At first it is such activity of Gakutei to add Hamekotoba of the long sentence to. It was activity(figure) as the writer of long Hamekotoba appropriate to each picture in four works of Nisikie . In addition, at the same time as the name is mentioned as the one of writer of Edo era in the text of HeiteiGinkei product TutaKazura- KoinoHanaBisiand he is the one of the composer of 11 verses celebrating publication. therefore I can suppose his position in the then literary world. Gakutei writes preface in the work of another person. Gakutei was in charge of preface of Robun`s KokkeiHuziMoude, BaiteiKinga`s SitiHenzin, KazamiGusa, and picture book of Yosimori`s work. In addition, I lectured that Gakutei`s friend range through the all of a person placed with Gakutei inSyogaSyosyu(it isSurimono), MusironoSurimono, Saiseiki(it is MitateBanzuke)etc and also his role in the world of the Japanese literature at the mid-19th century were big things.