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김헌식 ( Heorn Sik Kim ) 한국시스템다이내믹스학회 2006 한국시스템다이내믹스 연구 Vol.7 No.1
This paper attempts to provide a more complete acknowledging of Hallyu(Korean Wave), using systems thinking. The central concept is understanding how all the objects of Hallyu(Korean Wave) in a culture system interact with one another. What it attempts to do is understand the feedback loop of Hallyu(Korean Wave) with other country culture, and thus understand the behavior of mass culture agent it make produce. This works is for public management and policy in culture industry and leading culture itself. And alternative policies that alleviate the problem, and implements this solution at Hallyu(Korean Wave) continuance.
김헌식,김로사,김현영,정재황,김헌,Kim, Hun-Sik,Kim, Ro-Sa,Kim, Hyeon-Yeong,Jeong, Jae-Hwang,Kim, Heon 대한예방의학회 1999 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.32 No.1
Objectives. To determine the effects of exposure to hexavalent chromium, 93 male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to hexavalent chromium solution. Methods. Rats were divided into 4 groups and exposed to 0.1ml of 0 mM, 0.4 mM, 2.0 mM, and 10.0 mM potassium chromate in the first experiment, and to 0.1 ml of 0 mM, 20 mM, 40 mM, and 80 mM in the second for consecutive 3 days by tracheal instillation. Three and 10 rats were the controls for the first and the second experiments, respectively. Lung tissues were then removed to measure the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) level using the HPLC-ECD method, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity using the cytochrome C method, and 8-hydroxyguanine endonuclease activity using the oligonucleotide nicking assay. Results. The results showed no significant linear relationship between chromium exposure level and 8-OH-dG level or 8-hydroxyguanine endonuclease activity. In the first experiment, 8-OH-dG level and 8-hydroxyguanine endonuclease activity increased in 0.4 mM group, and then decreased in 2.0 mM and 10.0 mM groups. The correlation coefficients between 8-OH-dG level and 8-hydroxyguanine endonuclease activity was statistically significant (P<0.01), and total SOD activity was elevated by chromium exposure in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant dose-response pattern or correlation in the secod experiment. Conclusions. Based on the fact that there was no linear relationship between chromium dose and 8-OH-dG level or activity of the repair enzyme, it seems unlikely that 8-OH-dG formation is the major mechanism of chromium carcinogenesis.
김헌식(Hern Sik Kim) 미래학회 2021 미래연구 Vol.6 No.1
본 고에서는 그동안 잘 다뤄지지 않았던 미래 연구의 편향에 대해 다룬다. 편향은 대개 대상과 상황을 인지하고 판단 결정하는 과정에서 일어난다. 이런의사결정과정만이 아니라 나아가 연구대상과 연구자 사이에서도 일어난다. 또한, 판단 선택 과정이 불확실한 상황이거나 이에 대한 연구에서도 빈번하다. 불확실한 상황을 연구하는 미래학에서도 편향은 자유로울 수 없다. 행태 심리학에서 따르면 인지적 편향은 의식적으로 일어나기보다는 무의식적으로 발생한다. 하지만 경험과 학습 여기에 목적성이 가해지는 편향은 강화될 수 있다. 마찬가지로 미래학 연구에서도 이런 현상은 일정하게 같은 양상을 보인다. 특히 미래연구는 어떤 주체들의 목적에 따라 유도되어온 면이 크기 때문에 편향의 발생은 물론 묵과가 배태할 수 있다. 많은 인지적 편향 개념이 있고 계속 새로운 개념들이 연구되고 있다. 본고에서는 기존의 편향 연구를 바탕으로 연구 행태에 적용할 수 있는 편향 개념을 살피고 함의점을 도출하고자 했다. This paper deals with the biases of future research that have not been well dealt with. Bias usually occurs in the process of recognizing and making decisions about objects and situations. This decision-making process takes place not only between the research subject and the researcher. In addition, the decision-selection process is uncertain or is frequent in research on it. Even in futurology that studies uncertain situations, bias cannot be free. According to behavioral psychology, cognitive biases occur unconsciously rather than consciously. However, the bias that puts purposefulness on experience and learning can be reinforced. Likewise, in futurology research, these phenomena consistently show the same pattern. In particular, since future research has a large aspect that has been guided according to the purpose of certain subjects, the occurrence of bias as well as contemplation may be impregnated. There are many cognitive bias concepts and new ones are constantly being studied. In this paper, the concept of bias that can be applied to the research behavior is examined based on the existing bias research and tried to derive implications.