한국 연안산 방사무늬김(Porphyra yezoensis)의 일반성분 및 미네랄 함량

목종수 ( Jong Soo Mok ),이태식 ( Tae Seek Lee ),손광태 ( Kwang Tae Son ),송기철 ( Ki Cheol Song ),권지영 ( Ji Young Kwon ),이가정 ( Ka Jeong Lee ),김지회 ( Ji Hoe Kim ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2011 한국수산과학회지 Vol.44 No.5

To measure the proximate composition and mineral content of laver Porphyra yezoensis, we collected 30 raw and 30 dried laver from the major production area of the south coast of Korea (Busan, Goheung, Haenam, Wando). The approximate composition of a 100 g edible portion of raw laver was 89.9±1.4 g moisture, 3.7±1.0 g protein, 0.5±0.2 g lipids, 2.1±1.8 g carbohydrate and 3.9±0.6 g ash. The approximate composition of a 100 g portion of dried laver was 8.9±1.6 g moisture, 31.5±6.5 g protein, 1.9±0.3 g lipids, 48.4±6.5 g carbohydrate and 9.3±1.1 g ash. No clear regional variation in laver composition was observed. The mineral content of laver was expressed as dry weight. The mean macro mineral content per 100 g portion of raw laver was (in descending order): K (1,979± 863.0 mg), Na (1,063.2±498.8 mg), P (658.7±101.8 mg), Mg (432.3±83.5 mg) and Ca (394.2±136.5 mg). In comparison, the mean micro mineral content of raw laver was (in descending order): Fe (243.72±154.75 ?g/g), Zn (72.76±30.61 ?g/g), Mn (41.53±15.33 ?g/g), Cu (4.16±1.66 ?g/g) and Ni (0.43±0.70 ?g/g) No clear regional variation in the mineral content of laver was observed; however, raw laver contained a higher mineral content than dried laver.

한국 연안산 수산물의 일반성분 조성 및 영양평가

목종수 ( Jong Soo Mok ),이두석 ( Doo Seog Lee ),윤호동 ( Ho Dong Yoon ),박희연 ( Hee Yeon Park ),김연계 ( Yeon Kye Kim ),위종환 ( Chong Hwan Wi ) 한국수산과학회 2007 한국수산과학회지 Vol.40 No.5

명태 단백질로 제조한 가식성 필름의 물성 개선

목종수(Jong Soo Mok),송기철(Ki Cheol Song),강창수(Chang Su Kang),장수현(Soo Hyun Chang) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.4

명태 단백질을 이용하여 제조한 가식성 필름의 물성을 개선하기 위하여 필름 제조시 가소제 및 가교제 첨가, 그리고 이중필름에 의한 인장강도, 신장률 및 수분 투과도 등의 영향을 검토하였다. 가소제 첨가에 따른 가식성 필름의 인장강도는 PG, sorbitol, PEG 200 및 glycerol의 순으로 높았고, 신장률은 glycerol, sorbitol, PEG 200 및 PG의 순으로 높았으며, 수분투과도는 PG, sorbitol, glycerol 및 PEG 200의 순으로 낮았다. 또한 가소제의 농도가 증가함에 따라 필름의 인장강도는 감소하고 신장률은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. PG와 PEG 200은 신장률에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하여 명태단백질 필름의 가소제로 적절하지 못하였으며, 인장강도와 신장률이 서로 상반되는 glycerol과 sorbitol을 조합함으로써 필름의 물성을 조절할 수 있었다. 한편, 필름은 상대습도가 높을수록 인장강도는 감소하고 신장률과 평형수분함량은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Ascorbic acid, citric acid 및 succinic acid 둥의 가교제를 첨가하여 제조한 필름이 가교제 비첨가 필름에 비하여 인장강도와 수분투과도는 증가하고 신장률은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, ascorbic acid는 0.2%, citric acid는 0.1%, succinic acid는 0.1%첨가하는 것이 바람직하였다. 명태 단백질과 옥수수 단백질로 제조한 이중필름은 명태 단백질단독으로 제조한 필름에 비하여 인장강도를 2배 이상 향상시켰고, 수분투과도를 약 20∼30% 감소시켰다. 한편, 산소투과도는 두 필름간에 차이는 없었으나, polyethylene film에 비하여는 10배 정도 산소차단효과가 우수하였다. 색도를 보면 명태와 옥수수 단백질을 이용하여 제조한 이중필름이 명태 단백질 단독으로 제조한 필름에 비하여 L값과 a값은 낮고 b값과 ΔE값은 높았다. The edible films were prepared from the protein of alaska pollack, Tberagra chalcogramma. Effects of plasticizer, cross linker and laminated film on physical properties such as tensile strength (TS), elongation (E) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of films were investigated. In adding various kinds of plasticizers, TS of the films prepared with propylene glycol (PG) was the highest, and followed sorbitol, polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) and glycerol. Elongation of the films prepared with glycerol was the highest, then sorbitol, PEG 200 and PG. WVP of films showed lower in order of PG, sorbitol, glycerol and PEG 200. TS decreased with the increment of plasticizer concentration, but elongation increased. The addition of both PG and PEG 200 effected weakly on elongation, so they were inadequate as plasticizer for the film. Mixtures of glycerol and sorbitol, which showed opposing both TS and elongation in the films, could control the physical properties of the films. With increasing relative humidity, TS decreased, while elongation and equilibrium moisture content increased. By adding the cross linkers such as ascorbic acid, citric acid and succinic acid, TS and WVP of films increased, while elongation decreased. Ascorbic add, citric acid, succinic acid were most effective for TS at 0.2, 0.1 and 0.1%, respectively. Laminated film with alaska pollack protein and corn zein improved TS above two times, reduced WVP about 20~30%, as compared with the film from alaska pollack protein. Two films did not show the difference to oxygen permeability, but they showed about tenfold greater oxygen resistance than polyethylene film. Laminated film showed higher b and △E value of color difference, lower a and L value than the film from alaska pollack protein.

산 처리에 의한 파래(Enteromorpha sp.)의 유해 중금속 제거

목종수 ( Jong Soo Mok ),손광태 ( Kwang Tae Son ),이태식 ( Tae Seek Lee ),권지영 ( Ji Young Kwon ),박큰바위 ( Kunbawui Park ),김지회 ( Ji Hoe Kim ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2017 한국수산과학회지 Vol.50 No.1

The elimination of harmful heavy metals (Cd, Cr, and Pb) from sea lettuce Enteromorpha sp. was evaluated in filtered seawater over a pH range of 2.0-4.0 using citric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids. We also evaluated the quality of sea lettuce samples after release of their internal constituents into seawater solutions containing acids. The heavy metals that accumulated in raw sea lettuce after incubation for 3 days in seawater containing Cd, Cr, and Pb were, in descending order, Pb (120.45 μg/g), Cr (86.04 μg/g), and Cd (18.35 μg/g). The rate of elimination of heavy metals from sea lettuce was higher at lower pH for all of the acids used. However, the color of the sea lettuce changed adversely at below pH 2.5. The heavy metals in sea lettuce samples after 10 min in seawater at pH 3.0 containing the three acids were eliminated in the order Pb (42.2-78.0%), Cd (51.8-55.3%), and Cr (14.0-32.8%). The quality of the sea lettuce was not affected when it was incubated for 30 min at pH above 3.0. The maximum elimination of heavy metals from sea lettuce occurred when it was soaked for 10 min in seawater at pH 3.0 containing citric acid.

용매와 추출조건에 따른 단삼(Salvia miltiorrhiza) 추출물의 항균력

목종수(Jong-Soo Mok),박욱연(Uk-Yeon Park),김영목(Young-Mog Kim),장동석(Dong-Suck Chang) 한국식품영양과학회 1994 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.23 No.6

단삼에서 항균성물질을 추출하여 천연식품보존료로서의 이용 가능성을 타진하기 위한 방법의 일환으로 추출용매의 종류나 추출조건에 따른 항균력을 시험하고 각종 병원성 세균이나 부패 미생물에 대한 균종별 항균력을 비교, 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 물, 부탄올, 에탄올, 메탄올, 아세톤, 헥산을 용매로 사용하여 단삼으로 부터 추출한 결과, 에탄올로 추출한 것이 다른 용매 추출구 보다 1.5배 이상 항균력이 강하였다. 2. 단삼으로 부터 항균성물질의 최적 추출조건으로는 무수에탄올을 단삼 중량의 10배를 첨가하여 상온에서 2시간 동안 진탕추출하는 것이 가장 적당하였다. 3. 그람 양성균에 대한 단삼추출물의 MIC는 3.13~50㎍/ml으로 우수한 항균효과 나타내었으며, 특히 Bacillus속에 대하여 MIC는 3.13㎍/ml으로 가장 강한 항균활성을 보였다. 4. 단삼 추출물의 그람 음성균에 대한 MIC는 800㎍/ml 또는 그 이상이었고, 효모에 대한 MIC는 400~800㎍/ml으로 그람 양성균에 비하여 매우 약한 항균효과를 나타내었다. In order to develop a natural food preservative, dried salviae miltiorrhizae radix (Salvia miltiorrhiza) was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The optimum extracting condition for the antimicrobial substance from the sample, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activity of the initial ethanol extract from the sample was the strongest compared to those of other solvent extracts such as n-hexane, acetone, butanol, methanol and water. The optimum extracting condition for antimicrobial substance from the sample was shaking extraction for 2 hours at room temperature in case that 10 volumes of absolute ethanol was added to crushed Salvia miltiorrhiza. The ethanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC, 3.13~50㎍/ml) such as B. cereus, B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, Sc. mutans. Among Gram-positive bacteria tested, Bacillus species was the most susceptibile to the extracted substance. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extrat from the sample was weak to Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, for example MIC for Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts was 0.8㎍/ml and 0.4-0.8㎍/ml, respectively.

단삼 추출물의 항균특성

목종수,김영목,김신희,장동석 한국식품위생안전성학회 1995 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The effect of the ethanol extract from salviae miltiorrhizae radix (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on the microbial growth and the stability of the extracted antimicrobial material were investigated. The ethanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity (MIC, 3.13-50.0 pg/ml) against Gram-positive bacteria such as B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Among Gram-positive bacteria tested, B. subtilis was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. While the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was weak (MIC, 400-800 ug/ml) to E. coli and yeasts (C. albicans. Sacch. diastaticus). The ethanol extract had bactericidal action at higher concentration than MIC against B. subtilis, while the extract had only bacteriostatic action against S. aureus. The extracted antimicrobial substance was stable in the pH range of 4.0 to 10.0, heat treatment at 121℃ for 15 min, and freezing and thawing

온도, pH 및 빛에 대한 Domoic acid의 안정성

목종수 ( Jong Soo Mok ),이태식 ( Tae Seek Lee ),오은경 ( Eun Gyoung Oh ),손광태 ( Kwang Tae Son ),황혜진 ( Hye Jin Hwang ),김지희 ( Ji Hoe Kim ) 한국수산과학회 2009 한국수산과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

한국 연안산 해산 무척추동물의 중금속 함량

목종수(Jong-Soo Mok),이가정(Ka-Jeong Lee),심길보(Kil-Bo Shim),이태식(Tae-Seek Lee),송기철(Ki-Cheol Song),김지회(Ji-Hoe Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.39 No.6

본 연구에서는 2003년부터 2004년까지 동해, 서해 및 남해연안에서 채취하여 위판장에서 판매되고 있는 연안산 패류(복족류 및 이매패류), 두족류, 갑각류 등의 해산무척추동물 52종 239개체에 대한 중금속 함량을 분석하였다. 인증표준물질(certified reference material, CRM)을 사용한 각 중금속에 대한 회수율은 평균 86.3~104.6%로 Codex에서 요구하고 있는 수준에 부합하였다. 우리나라 연안산 복족류의 중금속 함량은 아연 21.471±10.794 ㎍/g, 구리 4.115±2.565㎍/g, 망간 0.868±0.593 ㎍/g, 니켈 0.254±0.418 ㎍/g, 납 0.238±0.220 ㎍/g, 카드뮴 0.154±0.170 ㎍/g, 크롬 0.110±0.082 ㎍/g 순이었고, 이매패류의 경우는 아연 35.655±46.978㎍, 망간 5.500±9.943 ㎍, 구리 3.129±5.979 ㎍, 카드뮴 0.423±0.345 ㎍/g, 니켈 0.402±0.379 ㎍, 크롬 0.233±0.234 ㎍/g, 납 0.232±0.216 ㎍/g 순이었다. 또한, 두족류는 아연 18.380±5.479 ㎍/g으로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 구리 3.594±1.823㎍/g, 망간 0.630㎍0.603 ㎍/g, 크롬 0.150±0.115 ㎍/g, 납 0.068±0.066 ㎍/g, 카드뮴 0.034±0.046 ㎍/g, 니켈 0.030±0.047 ㎍/g 순이었고, 갑각류의 경우 아연 25.333±9.608 ㎍/g으로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 구리 9.042±8.895 ㎍/g, 망간 0.659±0.412 ㎍/g, 크롬 0.592±2.172 ㎍/g, 카드뮴 0.207±0.204 ㎍/g, 납 0.126±0.094 ㎍/g, 니켈 0.094±0.110 ㎍/g 순이었다. 따라서 카드뮴, 납 등 유해 중금속의 함량은 이매패류>갑각류=복족류>두족류 순으로 높게 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 우리나라 국민의 수산물을 통한 중금속의 1일 섭취량은 각각 카드뮴 6.88 ㎍, 크롬 19.13 ㎍, 구리 137.02 ㎍, 망간 156.13 ㎍, 니켈 11.39 ㎍, 납 7.01 ㎍ 및 아연 1,025.94 ㎍이었다. 이는 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 잠정주간섭취허용량인 PTWI와 비교해 보면, 카드뮴의 11.47%, 구리의 0.46%, 납의 3.27% 및 아연의 1.71% 수준이었다. 따라서 우리국민이 수산물을 통하여 섭취하는 카드뮴 및 납 등 유해 중금속 함량은 매우 안전한 수준인 것으로 판단된다. To measure the heavy metal contents of marine invertebrates, we collected 239 individuals representing 52 species from the eastern (Pohang), western (Gunsan), and southern (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea: 34 species of molluscan shellfish (Gastropoda and Bivalvia), 6 species of Cephalopoda, 8 species of Crustacea, and 4 other species. The mean levels of the heavy metals in the samples taken from the edible portion of each Gastropoda were high in the order of Zn (21.471 ㎍/g), Cu (4.115 ㎍/g), Mn (0.868 ㎍/g), Ni (0.254 ㎍/g), Pb (0.238 ㎍/g), Cd (0.154 ㎍/g), and Cr (0.110 ㎍/g). The heavy metals in the Bivalvia were high in the order of Zn (35.655 ㎍/g), Mn (5.500 ㎍/g), Cu (3.129 ㎍/g), Cd (0.423 ㎍/g), Ni (0.402 ㎍/g), Cr (0.233 ㎍/g), and Pb (0.232 ㎍/g). The heavy metals in the Cephalopoda were high in the order of Zn (18.380 ㎍/g), Cu (3.594 ㎍/g), Mn (0.630 ㎍/g), Cr (0.150 ㎍/g), Pb (0.068 ㎍/g), Cd (0.034 ㎍/g), and Ni (0.030 ㎍/g). The heavy metals in the Crustacea were high in the order of Zn (25.333 ㎍/g), Cu (9.042 ㎍/g), Mn (0.659 ㎍/g), Cr (0.592 ㎍/g), Cd (0.207 ㎍/g), Pb (0.126 ㎍/g), and Ni (0.094 ㎍/g). Therefore, the mean levels of the harmful heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in marine invertebrates were high in the order of Bivalvia>Crustacea=Gastropoda>Cephalopoda. The average daily intakes of the heavy metals from the fisheries products were as follows: Cd (6.88 ㎍), Cr (19.13 ㎍), Cu (137.02 ㎍), Mn (156.13 ㎍), Ni (11.39 ㎍), Pb (7.01 ㎍) and Zn (1,025.94 ㎍). The average weekly intakes of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from the fisheries products were 11.47%, 0.46%, 3.27% and 1.71% respectively, as compared with PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes) established by FAO/WHO Expert Committee for Food Safety Evaluation.

마비성패류독소 분석을 위한 Prec히umn HPLC Oxidation 법의 유효성 검증

목종수 ( Jong Soo Mok ),송기철 ( Ki Cheol Songl ),이가정 ( Ka Jeong Lee ),김지회 ( Ji Hoe Kim ) 한국수산과학회 2013 한국수산과학회지 Vol.46 No.2

To prevent paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) due to the consumption of shellfish contaminated with PSP toxins, the quantitative analysis of these toxins is very crucial. The AOAC International mouse bioassay (MBA) has been used widely for the routine monitoring of PSP toxins for more than 50 years. However, this method has low sensitivity and high limit of quantification (LOQ) and interferences from other components in the extract, and it cannot determine toxic profiles. Ethical problems also exist with the continued use of this live mouse assay. To establish an alternative method to the MBA used for PSP toxins analysis, we attempted to optimize the analysis conditions of a precolumn high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) oxidation method and succeeded in validating its accuracy and precision in quantifying PSP toxins. A clear peak and the isolation of PSP toxins were obtained by injecting the working standards of Certified Reference Materials using HPLU. I he LOQ of the precolumn HPLC oxidation method for PSP toxins was about 0.1002 ig/g. which represented an approximately fourfold improvement in detection capability versus the AOAC MBA. The intra-accuracy and precision for PSP toxins in oysters were 77.0-103.3% and 2.0-5.7%, respectively, while the respective inter-accuracy and precision were 77.3-100.7% and 2.4-6.0%. The mean recoveries of PSP toxins from oysters were 75.2-112.1%. The results of a comparison study showed good correlation between the results of the precolumn HPLC oxidation method and those of MBA, with a correlation factor ot`0.9291 for mussels. The precolumn I-IPLC oxidation method may be used as an alternative to. or supplementary method with, MBA to monitor the occurrence of PSP toxins and to analyze the profiles of these toxins in shellfish.

결함검출을 위한 실험적 연구

목종수(J.S. Mock),사승윤(S.Y. Sa),이명재(M.J. Lee),유봉환(B.H. Ryu) 한국생산제조학회 1996 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.1996 No.-