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벤자민 리스(Benjamin Lees)의 피아노 독주곡, 거울들(Mirrors)의 표현기법 연구
윤수현 The Pianissimo 음악예술학회 2013 음악예술연구 Vol.3 No.2
Benjamin Lees (1924-2010), contemporary American composer, is acclaimed by numerous awards and his compositions have been performed worldwide through the century. As a skillful pianist himself, Lees composed piano solo pieces and Mirrors is one of the later completed work. Composed of twelve movements, it is completed for twelve years and dedicated to Ian Hobson, pianist. As the title suggests, Lees looks into himself by trying all possible pianistic techniques and compositional devices in Mirrors. All twelve movements of Mirrors are independent and each movement focuses on a particular expressive character and its mood supported by tempo and expressive markings, form, meter, motives and dynamics. Lees's neo-classical tendency reflects his use of three-part form, ABA’. Lees often uses simple rhythmic note values with rapid meter changes and it explains surrealistic influence on Lees in terms of providing an unexpected excitement. Lees's use of motives is important to express the particular character of the movement. Each motive has its own character and it is modified in various ways as far as its character is maintained. Moreover, the appearance of contrasting motives creates sudden mood changes and dramatic effects. In this aspect, it is clear that Lees is influenced by surrealism, but Lees creates meditated and reflected sonorities instead of bravura virtuosity. It is interesting to explore Lees's twelve-year long composition journey through Mirrors. Through the usage of tempo, expressive markings, form, meter, motives and dynamics, Mirrors will reveal unique compositional technique of Benjamin Lees (1920-2010) .
윤수현,박재호,박석만,고상욱,이동훈,문영일,최영훈,김민주,강석범,채치원,진성범 한국육종학회 2016 한국육종학회지 Vol.48 No.4
A new mandarin hybrid cultivar ‘Shinyegam’ was developed from a cross between ‘Kiyomi’ (Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) and ‘Wilking’ (Citrus reticulata) at the Citrus Research Institute of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in 2012. The ‘Jegam na No. 33’, a first selection seedling from the fruits obtained in 2008 was finally named ‘Shinyegam’ after field evaluation trials at five locations in Jeju island, Korea from 2010 to 2012. The tree vigor was intermediate and the tree was spreading in nature, similar to that of the ‘Kiyomi’ cultivar. The fruits produced were compressed to oblate and globose in shape, were a deep orange in color, and moderately weighed at 130 g. ‘Shinyegam’ produces fruit that mature in late December, and has few seeds, which are mono-embryonic. The average seed number of a fruit varied depending on the pollinator citrus tree. Cultivation of ‘Shinyegam’ along with the other cultivars possessing high pollen fertility resulted in seed numbers that was more than 20, while in the absence of a pollinator species the seed number was around 5. The fruit contained soluble solids at 11 to 12 ° Bx and the acidity was approximately 1% at maturity. The rind thickness of approximately 2.5 mm ensures easy peeling. The flesh is very tender and juicy, with a pleasant, aromatic flavor similar to that of ‘Wilking’ but is comparatively weak. ‘Shinyegam’ is moderately resistant to the citrus scab disease and melanose, but susceptible to citrus canker. Owing to the high quality of fruit, good aroma, and cold hardness characteristics, this cultivar is expected to satisfy consumer acceptability in terms of the diversity of the cultivar in open-field cultivation.