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Conclusions and Suggestions on Low-Dose and Low-Dose Rate Radiation Risk Estimation Methodology
Sakai, Kazuo,Yamada, Yutaka,Yoshida, Kazuo,Yoshinaga, Shinji,Sato, Kaoru,Ogata, Hiromitsu,Iwasaki, Toshiyasu,Kudo, Shin'ichi,Asada, Yasuki,Kawaguchi, Isao,Haeno, Hiroshi,Sasaki, Michiya The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2021 방사선방어학회지 Vol.46 No.1
Background: For radiological protection and control, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) provides the nominal risk coefficients related to radiation exposure, which can be extrapolated using the excess relative risk and excess absolute risk obtained from the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). Materials and Methods: Since it is impossible to directly estimate the radiation risk at doses less than approximately 100 mSv only from epidemiological knowledge and data, support from radiation biology is absolutely imperative, and thus, several national and international bodies have advocated the importance of bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology. Because of the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)'s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in 2011, the exposure of the public to radiation has become a major concern and it was considered that the estimation of radiation risk should be more realistic to cope with the prevailing radiation exposure situation. Results and Discussion: To discuss the issues from wide aspects related to radiological protection, and to realize bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology, we have established a research group to develop low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation risk estimation methodology, with the permission of the Japan Health Physics Society. Conclusion: The aim of the research group was to clarify the current situation and issues related to the risk estimation of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure from the viewpoints of different research fields, such as epidemiology, biology, modeling, and dosimetry, to identify a future strategy and roadmap to elucidate a more realistic estimation of risk against low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure.
( Junya Yano ),( Tatsuki Aoki ),( Kazuo Nakamura ),( Kazuo Yamada ),( Shin-ichi Sakai ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
Hydrogenated biodiesel (HBD) is envisaged as a new type of diesel. Some byproducts of the HBD production process could also replace fossil fuels; therefore, increasing these substitution amounts could contribute to reducing the burden on the environment. The purpose of this study was to clarify the reduction of the environmental burden brought about by combining the HBD production from waste cooking oil with the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted, in which a combined functional unit was established, which included “the treatment of the household waste and the waste cooking oil annually generated in Kyoto city” and “running a diesel vehicle for household waste collection.” The base scenario was that all household waste and waste cooking oil were incinerated. The results indicated that compared with the base scenario, utilizing the combined HBD production system and the AD of food waste could bring about a reduction of 41.8% in the integrated environmental effects (global warming, fossil fuel consumption, acidification, and urban air pollution). The reduction of greenhouse gases compared with the base scenario was 18,100 t-CO<sub>2</sub>eq/yr. Substitutions with the byproducts of the HBD production process could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1,070 t-CO<sub>2</sub>eq/yr.
Itoh Yasunobu,Kitagawa Ryo,Numazawa Shinichi,Yamakawa Kota,Yamada Osamu,Akasu Isao,Sakai Jun,Otomo Tomoko,Yoshida Hirotaka,Mori Kentaro,Watanabe Sadayoshi,Watanabe Kazuo 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.3
In C1–C2 posterior fixation, the C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle/translaminar screw insertion under spine navigation have been used frequently. To avoid the risk of neurovascular damage in atlantoaxial stabilization, we assessed the safety and effectiveness of a preoperative computed tomography (CT) image-based navigation system with intraoperative independent C1 and C2 vertebral registration. It is ideal when a reference frame can be linked directly to the C1 posterior arch for C1-direct-captured navigation, but there is a mechanical challenge. A new spine clamp-tracker system was implemented recently, which allows reliable C1- and C2- direct-captured navigation in nine patients with traumatic C2 fractures. In this way, there was no misalignment of C1–C2 screws. C1 lateral mass screws were used except for one case, and translaminar screws were primarily used as an anchor for C2. The C1 lateral mass screw locations, which are 19 mm laterally from the C1 posterior arch’s center, are taken to be constant. However, there is one unusual circumstance in which using a C1 laminar hook instead of a C1 lateral mass screw appears to be a beneficial substitute. The increase of surgical accuracy for posterior C1–C2 screw fixation without cost constraints is significantly facilitated by intraoperative C1- and C2-direct-captured navigation with preoperative computed CT images.