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Conclusions and Suggestions on Low-Dose and Low-Dose Rate Radiation Risk Estimation Methodology
Sakai, Kazuo,Yamada, Yutaka,Yoshida, Kazuo,Yoshinaga, Shinji,Sato, Kaoru,Ogata, Hiromitsu,Iwasaki, Toshiyasu,Kudo, Shin'ichi,Asada, Yasuki,Kawaguchi, Isao,Haeno, Hiroshi,Sasaki, Michiya The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2021 방사선방어학회지 Vol.46 No.1
Background: For radiological protection and control, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) provides the nominal risk coefficients related to radiation exposure, which can be extrapolated using the excess relative risk and excess absolute risk obtained from the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). Materials and Methods: Since it is impossible to directly estimate the radiation risk at doses less than approximately 100 mSv only from epidemiological knowledge and data, support from radiation biology is absolutely imperative, and thus, several national and international bodies have advocated the importance of bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology. Because of the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)'s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in 2011, the exposure of the public to radiation has become a major concern and it was considered that the estimation of radiation risk should be more realistic to cope with the prevailing radiation exposure situation. Results and Discussion: To discuss the issues from wide aspects related to radiological protection, and to realize bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology, we have established a research group to develop low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation risk estimation methodology, with the permission of the Japan Health Physics Society. Conclusion: The aim of the research group was to clarify the current situation and issues related to the risk estimation of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure from the viewpoints of different research fields, such as epidemiology, biology, modeling, and dosimetry, to identify a future strategy and roadmap to elucidate a more realistic estimation of risk against low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure.
Recent Breakthroughs in Postharvest Physiology Research and Cut Flower Handling in Japan
Kazuo Ichimura,Tetsuya Yamada,Hiroko Shimizu-Yumoto 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.6
Senescence of flower petals has been reported to be controlled by genetically programmed cell death (PCD). Based on nuclear morphology and DNA degradation, which are parameters of PCD, we can categorize petal senescence for six plants into three types. In all plants, except for Prunus yedoensis, marked DNA degradation was observed during petal senescence. In morning glory, petunia and Argyranthemum frutescens, nuclear fragmentation occurred during PCD. In contrast, chromatin fragmentation in the nuclei was observed in carnation and snapdragon flowers. However, nuclear or chromatin fragmentation was not observed in P. yedoensis. In carnation flowers, PCD associated with petal senescence was shown to be highly regulated by ethylene. Wet transport is better than dry transport for maintaining the freshness of cut flowers, but the vase life of cut flowers is not markedly longer for wet transport than dry transport. Treatment with sucrose plus antimicrobial compounds before shipping and during wet transport extended vase life of rose flowers. This treatment was shown to be effective in extending vase life in practice for the transport of cut roses from Hokkaido and Chiba Prefecture to markets in Tokyo. Pulse treatment with silver thiosulfate complex (STS), an inhibitor of ethylene action, in combination with sucrose before shipping are followed by treatment with sucrose plus antimicrobial compounds during wet transport, extended the vase life of cut Eustoma, Delphinium and snapdragon flowers. This treatment was also confirmed to be effective in practice.
A Study on SLAM for Indoor Blimp with Visual Markers
Tatsuya Yamada,Takehisa Yairi,Suay Halit Bener,Kazuo Machida 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
The simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is an essential capability for mobile robots traveling in unknown environments where globally accurate position data is not available. In this paper, we address the SLAM problem of indoor toy blimp that has no sensors such as accelerometers and gyro except a micro camera because of the weight limits. Since it is difficult to determine the exact motion models preliminarily, we assume the motion models of the blimp. The goal of this paper is to construct a 3D map of the landmarks in environment and estimate the path taken by the indoor blimp. In this paper, we use visual markers as the landmarks, since it is difficult to detect features of the landmarks. We propose the approach to SLAM using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and verify the effectiveness of this approach by the experiments.
Tsukasa Yasuda,Kazuo Hara,Nobumasa Mizuno,Shin Haba,Takamichi Kuwahara,Nozomi Okuno,Yasuhiro Kuraishi,Takafumi Yanaidani,Sho Ishikawa,Masanori Yamada,Toshitaka Fukui 대한소화기내시경학회 2024 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.57 No.2
Background/Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is useful for patients with biliary cannulation failure or inaccessible papillae. However, it can lead to serious complications such as bile peritonitis in patients with ascites; therefore, development of a safe method to perform EUS-HGS is important. Herein, we evaluated the safety of EUS-HGS with continuous ascitic fluid drainage in patients with ascites. Methods: Patients with moderate or severe ascites who underwent continuous ascites drainage, which was initiated before EUS-HGS and terminated after the procedure at our institution between April 2015 and December 2022, were included in the study. We evaluated the technical and clinical success rates, EUS-HGS-related complications, and feasibility of re-intervention. Results: Ten patients underwent continuous ascites drainage, which was initiated before EUS-HGS and terminated after completion of the procedure. Median duration of ascites drainage before and after EUS-HGS was 2 and 4 days, respectively. Technical success with EUS-HGS was achieved in all 10 patients (100%). Clinical success with EUS-HGS was achieved in 9 of the 10 patients (90%). No endoscopic complications such as bile peritonitis were observed. Conclusions: In patients with ascites, continuous ascites drainage, which is initiated before EUS-HGS and terminated after completion of the procedure, may prevent complications and allow safe performance of EUS-HGS.
Nozomi Okuno,Kazuo Hara,Nobumasa Mizuno,Shin Haba,Takamichi Kuwahara,Hiroki Koda,Masahiro Tajika,Tsutomu Tanaka,Sachiyo Onishi,Keisaku Yamada,Akira Miyano,Daiki Fumihara,Moaz Elshair 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.4
Background/Aims: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) has published guidelines for gastroenterologicalendoscopy in patients undergoing antithrombotic treatment. These guidelines classify endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD) as a high-risk procedure. Nevertheless, the bleeding risk of EUS-BD in patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy isuncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the bleeding risk in patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 220 consecutive patients who underwent EUS-BD between January 2013and December 2018. We managed the withdrawal and continuation of antithrombotic agents according to the JGES guidelines. Wecompared the bleeding event rates among patients who received and those who did not receive antithrombotic agents. Results: A total of 18 patients (8.1 %) received antithrombotic agents and 202 patients (91.8 %) did not. Three patients experiencedbleeding events, with an overall bleeding event rate of 1.3% (3/220): one patient was in the antithrombotic group (5.5%) and twopatients were in the non-antithrombotic group (0.9%) (p=0.10). All cases were moderate. The sole thromboembolic event (0.4%) wasa cerebral infarction in a patient in the non-antithrombotic group. Conclusions: The rate of EUS-BD-related bleeding events was low. Even in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy, the bleedingevent rates were not significantly different from those in patients not receiving antithrombotic therapy.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage for an abscess cavity
Nozomi Okuno,Kazuo Hara,Nobumasa Mizuno,Shin Haba,Takamichi Kuwahara,Yasuhiro Kuraishi,Takafumi Yanaidani,Sho Ishikawa,Tsukasa Yasuda,Masanori Yamada,Toshitaka Fukui 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.11 No.4
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions, including EUS-guided biliary drainage and EUS-guided cystic drainage, are now well developed and in widespread use. Intraperitoneal abscess requires drainage because mortality associated with an undrained abscess is high. Percutaneous or surgical drainage has traditionally been performed, but there have been numerous reports of EUS-guided drainage for intraperitoneal abscesses in recent years. EUS-guided abscess drainage has the advantage of being less invasive and enabling direct access to the cavity via the trans-luminal route as well as clear visualization of interposed vessels using color Doppler ultrasonography. It is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages when selecting a drainage method. This article reviews the current status of EUS-guided abscess drainage at three sites: the liver, pelvis, and mediastinum.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage for an abscess cavity
Nozomi Okuno,Kazuo Hara,Nobumasa Mizuno,Shin Haba,Takamichi Kuwahara,Yasuhiro Kuraishi,Takafumi Yanaidani,Sho Ishikawa,Tsukasa Yasuda,Masanori Yamada,Toshitaka Fukui 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.11 No.4
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions, including EUS-guided biliary drainage and EUS-guided cystic drainage, are now well developed and in widespread use. Intraperitoneal abscess requires drainage because mortality associated with an undrained abscess is high. Percutaneous or surgical drainage has traditionally been performed, but there have been numerous reports of EUS-guided drainage for intraperitoneal abscesses in recent years. EUS-guided abscess drainage has the advantage of being less invasive and enabling direct access to the cavity via the trans-luminal route as well as clear visualization of interposed vessels using color Doppler ultrasonography. It is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages when selecting a drainage method. This article reviews the current status of EUS-guided abscess drainage at three sites: the liver, pelvis, and mediastinum.
Yasuhiro Kuraishi,Kazuo Hara,Shin Haba,Takamichi Kuwahara,Nozomi Okuno,Takafumi Yanaidani,Sho Ishikawa,Tsukasa Yasuda,Masanori Yamada,Nobumasa Mizuno 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.4
Background/Aims: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common and serious complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. To prevent this event, a unique precutting method, termed opening window fistulotomy, was performed in patients with a large infundibulum as the primary procedure for biliary cannulation, whereby a suprapapillary laid-down H-shaped incision was made without touching the orifice. This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of this novel technique. Methods: One hundred and ten patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients with a papillary roof size ≥10 mm underwent opening window fistulotomy for primary biliary access. In addition, the incidence of complications and success rate of biliary cannulation were evaluated. Results: The median size of the papillary roof was 6 mm (range, 3–20 mm). Opening window fistulotomy was performed in 30 patients (27.3%), none of whom displayed PEP. Duodenal perforation was recorded in one patient (3.3%), which was resolved by conservative treatment. The cannulation rate was high (96.7%, 29/30 patients). The median duration of biliary access was 8 minutes (range, 3–15 minutes). Conclusions: Opening window fistulotomy demonstrated its feasibility for primary biliary access by achieving great safety with no PEP complications and a high success rate for biliary cannulation.