Effects of Globalization on the Poverty Level Convergence among Asian Countries

Yilin LI,Keun-Yeob OH,In-Soo HAN 한국무역학회 2017 한국무역학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2017 No.7

Effects of Globalization on the Convergence of Poverty Levels among Asian Countries

Li Yilin,Wang Jingbu,오근엽 한국국제경제학회 2022 International Economic Journal Vol.36 No.2

This study empirically analyzed the effects of economic globalization on differences in poverty levels among Asian countries using data for a 25-year period, as well as the effects of economic globalization on the process. Trade openness (TO) and foreign direct investment (FDI) data were used as proxy variables for globalization. Using a headcount ratio (HCR) and per capita gross domestic product (PGDP), we analyzed the convergence of poverty levels using the σ- and β-convergence concepts. It was found that poverty levels have been substantially reduced in Asia and that economic globalization assisted in this change. The PGDP gaps among countries have gradually decreased and trade openness and FDI have had a strong effect on poverty reduction. Finally, there was no evidence for convergence in terms of the HCR during the recent globalization period and, therefore, it was concluded that economic globalization has not assisted in the convergence of HCR, while it helped the convergence of PGDP. This implies that the poverty issue is different from the income level issue. Thus, care must be taken to consider policy beyond the simple approach of economic growth.

Determination of Free Amino Acids in Isatidis Radix By HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS

Yilin Pan,Jin Li,Xiang Li,Jianwei Chen,Ganggang Bai 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.1

A rapid, accurate and precise method for the determination of 22 amino acids in Isatidis Radix by Hydrophilic Interaction Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS) was established. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Acquity UPLC BEH Amide column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7㎛) with gradient elution of acetonitrile (containing 0.05% formic acid and 2 mM ammonium formate) and water (containing 0.15% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium formate) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min; Waters XevoTM TQ worked in multiple reaction monitoring mode. All components were separated in 17 min. All calibration curves were linear (R2 > 0.991) over the tested ranges. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) for these compounds were 0.21-79.55 and 0.72-294.23 ng/mL, respectively. The average recoveries were in the range of 93.75-104.16% with RSD value less than 6.56%. Therefore, this method could be an alternative assay for the determination of 22 amino acids in Isatidis Radix due to its rapidness, sensitivity, less sample and solvent consumption.

A Fiber Optic Sensor for Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Based on Oxygen Oxidation Catalyzed by Iron(III) Tetrasulfophthalocyanine

Tong, Yilin,Li, Dapeng,Huang, Jun,Zhang, Cong,Li, Kun,Ding, Liyun Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.11

A new fiber optical sensor was developed for the determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP). The sensor was based on DCP oxidation by oxygen with the catalysis of iron(III) tetrasulfophthalocyanine (Fe(III)PcTs). The optical oxygen sensing film with $Ru(bpy)_3Cl_2$ as the fluorescence indicator was used to determine the consumption of oxygen in solution. A lock-in amplifier was used for detecting the lifetime of the oxygen sensing film by measuring the phase delay change of the sensor head. The different variables affecting the sensor performance were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions (i.e. pH 6.0, $25^{\circ}C$, Fe(III)PcTs concentration of 0.62 mg/mL), the linear detection range and response time of the sensor are $1.0{\times}10^{-6}-9.0{\times}10^{-6}$ mol/L and 250 s, respectively. The sensor displays high selectivity, good repeatability and stability, and can be used as an effective tool in analyzing DCP concentration in practical samples.

Radiation stability and radiolysis mechanism of hydroxyurea in HNO3 solution: Alpha, beta, and gamma irradiations

Qin Yilin,Liao Wei,Lan Tu,Li Fengzhen,Li Feize,Yang Jijun,Liao Jiali,Yang Yuanyou,Liu Ning 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.12

Hydroxyurea (HU) is a novel salt-free reductant used potentially for the separation of U/Pu in the advanced PUREX process. In this work, the radiation stability of HU were systematically investigated in solution by examining the effects of the type of rays (a, b, and g irradiations), the absorbed dose (10 e50 kGy), and the HNO3 concentration (0e3 mol L1 ). The influence degree on HU radiolysis rates followed the order of the absorbed dose > the ray type > the HNO3 concentration, but the latter two had moderate effects on HU radiolysis products where NH4 þ and NO2 were found to be the most abundant ones, suggesting that the differences of a, b, and g rays should be considered in the study of irradiation effects. The radiolysis mechanism was explored using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and it proposed the dominant radiolysis paths of HU, indicating that the radiolysis of HU was mainly a free radical reaction among $H, eaq e , H2O, intermediates, and the radiolytic free radical fragments of HU. The results reported here provide valuable insights into the mechanistic understanding of HU radiolysis under a, b, and g irradiations and reliable data support for the application of HU in the reprocessing of spent fuel.

Determination of Free Amino Acids in Isatidis Radix By HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS

Pan, Yilin,Li, Jin,Li, Xiang,Chen, Jianwei,Bai, Ganggang Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.1

A rapid, accurate and precise method for the determination of 22 amino acids in Isatidis Radix by Hydrophilic Interaction Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS) was established. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Acquity UPLC BEH Amide column ($2.1mm{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) with gradient elution of acetonitrile (containing 0.05% formic acid and 2 mM ammonium formate) and water (containing 0.15% formic acid and 10 mM ammonium formate) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min; Waters Xevo$^{TM}$ TQ worked in multiple reaction monitoring mode. All components were separated in 17 min. All calibration curves were linear ($R^2$ > 0.991) over the tested ranges. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) for these compounds were 0.21-79.55 and 0.72-294.23 ng/mL, respectively. The average recoveries were in the range of 93.75-104.16% with RSD value less than 6.56%. Therefore, this method could be an alternative assay for the determination of 22 amino acids in Isatidis Radix due to its rapidness, sensitivity, less sample and solvent consumption.

Ferroelectric polarization effect on hysteresis behaviors of single-walled carbon nanotube network field-effect transistors with lead zirconate-titanate gating

Yilin Sun,Dan Xie,Ruixuan Dai,Mengxing Sun,Weiwei Li,Tianling Ren 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.3

We report the fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network transistors by ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3 (PZT) bottom-gating and investigate the polarization effects of PZT on the transport properties of the transistor device. Our devices exhibit typical p-channel transistor characteristics and a large hysteresis loop with high ON/OFF current ratio and large ON current as well as memory window (MW) measured up to 5.2 V. The origin of clockwise hysteresis is attributed to ferroelectric polarization modulated charge trapping/de-trapping process in the interface states between SWCNT networks and PZT. The retention time about 104s with two high stable current states preliminarily demonstrates great potential for future non-volatile memory applications based on such SWCNT/PZT hybrid systems.

Fabrication of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots-Cu2O Catalysts for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Yilin Wu,Ming Yan,Jia Gao,Peng Lv,XINLIN LIU,Chunxiang Li,Yongsheng Yan 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2018 NANO Vol.13 No.08

Development of efficient visible light driven photocatalysts for water splitting has attracted great research interest. Herein, a novel H2-producing nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs)-Cu2O was successfully constructed and synthesized. The as-prepared NGQDs-Cu2O photocatalysts were benefited for light harvesting and charge separation and showed highly efficient photocatalytic property for hydrogen production by water splitting. Results displayed that the amount of NGQDs exhibited significant influence for H2 production, and the optimum sample of 3%NGQDs-Cu2O performed the highest hydrogen-evolution rate of 22.6 μmol h -1 g -1, which was about 2 times higher than that of the pure Cu2O (10.1 μmol h -1 g -1). By further study, the enhanced photocatalytic performance could be ascribed to the crucial role of NGQDs, which widely improve the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair's.

Molecular and Functional Characterization of ZmNF-YC14 in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Yilin Cai,Xiupeng Mei;Ping Li;Lu Wang;Chaoxian Liu;Lian Zhou 한국식물학회 2018 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.61 No.6

The optimum transition stage from vegetative toreproductive development is important for flowering plantsto obtain the desired plant architecture to maximize yield. Inthis study, we overexpressed the maize NUCLEAR FACTORY, SUBUNIT C 14 (ZmNF-YC14) gene in Arabidopsis toinvestigate its potential functions in the regulation of planttransition. Overexpression of ZmNF-YC14 in Arabidopsisinhibited plant flowering and retarded the duration of thebranch-producing inflorescence phase 1 (I1). These plantsexhibited increased length of I1 and higher ratio of inflorescencephase 1 to inflorescence phase (I) (I1:I) under long-dayconditions. As a consequence, these transgenic plants exhibiteddramatic changes in their overall inflorescence morphology. In addition, the phenotypes of inflorescence morphologycaused by ZmNF-YC14 overexpression were enhanced byexogenous gibberellin (GA) treatment, which obtained asignificant increase in I1:I, inflorescence phase 1 to inflorescencephase 2 (I2) (I1:I2), and remarkable decrease in I2 and I2:I intransgenic plants compared to those under normal conditions. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that ZmNFYC14negatively regulates flowering and controls flowerformation under long-day conditions in Arabidopsis and maybe involved in a GA regulation pathway.

Hydroxyapatite Nucleation and Growth on Collagen Electrospun Fibers Controlled with Different Mineralization Conditions and Phosvitin

Yilin Jie,Zhaoxia Cai,Shanshan Li,Zhuqing Xie,Meihu Ma,Xi Huang 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.9

In a tenfold-concentrated simulated body fluid, a strategy for rapid deposition of a biomimetic calcium phosphate layer on the scaffolds of electrospun collagen nanofiber membranes was developed. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of mineralization conditions and phosvitin (PV) on hydroxyapatite nucleation and growth. The mineralization model, the pH of the environment, and the deposition time were optimized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that homogeneous and well-crystallized inorganic mineral layers were generated in the dynamic mineralization model system after incubating 3 h at pH 5.7. PV, which possesses the highest level of phosphorylation among egg proteins, was used as a model protein to investigate the contribution of PV in the mineralization process. The morphological structure and composition of the collagen/calcium phosphate composite nanofibers were also characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning photoelectron spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. XRD results showed the transformation process of mineralization materials from dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) to HA through the changes of characteristic peaks at approximately 11° of DCPD and 31.8° of HA. 1.0 mg/mL. Phosvitin significantly promoted the phase transformation from DCPD to hydroxyapatite. High performance liquid chromatography results indicated that PV induced the mineralization rather than being the part of the hydroxyapatite. The minerals formed on electrospun collagen nanofiber membranes were identified to be from hydroxyapatite. These findings extended the potential application field of PV to biomimetic material.