야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

Clinical Significance of Classification of Graves` Disease According to the Characteristics of TSH receptor Antibodies

(Won Bae Kim),(Hyun Kyung Chung),(Young Joo Park),(Do Joon Park),(Hong Kyu Lee),(Bo Youn Cho) 대한내과학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.16 No.3

N/A Background:It has been widely accepted that the epitope (s) and/or functional characteristics of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) from Graves` patients are heterogenous among patients. However, the clinical significance of such heterogeneity has not been systematically evaluatedyet. We were to elucidate and find the clinical significance of heterogeneity for TSH receptor antibodies in Graves` disease. Methods:We measured stimulating TSHRAb (TSAb) activities using CHO-hTSHR cells, FRTL-5 cells and chimeric receptor expressing cells (Mc1+2 and Mc2), specific blocking TSHRAb (TSBAb) activities using Mc2 cells and TBII activities using porcine thyroid membrane in 136 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves` disease. Results: Based on various TSHRAb activities from each patient, the patients could be categorized into 7 subgroups by cluster analysis; 1) Group 1 (n=41) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, typical TSAb epitope, rare blocking antibodies and high TBII activities. 2) Group 2 (n=16) was characterized by the presence of blocking TSHRAb in most patients, albeit the other characteristics were the same as those in Group 1. 3) Group 3 (n=19) patients had low TSAb activities bothin CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, seldom had blocking TSHRAb, but they had high TBII activities. 4) Group 4 (n=30) could be categorized as `mild disease` group, as they had low activities in all kinds of TSHRAb assay and had low antim icrosomal antibody activities. 5) Group 5 (n=14) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities with atypical epitope (s), rare blocking TSHRAb and moderate TBII activities. 6) Group 6 (n=10) patients had veryhigh TSAb activities with typical epitopes, seldom blocking TSHRAb and low TBII activities. 7) Group 7 (n=6) was characterized by very high TSAb activities with atypical epitopes and high TBII activities. Pretreatment serum thyroid hormone level was low only in group 4 patients compared to the other 6 groups (p<0.05). The size of goiter was significantly larger in those in group 1 and group 3 (p<0.05) compared to the other 5 groups. The prevalence of clinically significant ophthalmopathy was higher in group 2 patients than the other 6 groups (50%vs.27.5%,p=0.06). Among 6 kinds of TSHRAb activities, only the blocking TSHRAb activity was significantly associated with the presence of ophthalmopathy in multivariate analysis. Conclusion:These results suggest that the differences inepitopes for TSAb or the presence of blocking TSHRAb is not a major factor in determining the degree of thyrotoxicosis in Graves` disease. Although the pathogenic mechanism is not clearyet, we suggest that patients with ophthalmopathy have different TSHRAb repertoire from those without ophthalmopathy in Graves` disease.

Serum TSH Level in Healthy Koreans and the Association of TSH with Serum Lipid Concentration and Metabolic Syndrome

( Yeo Kyung Lee ),( Jo Eun Kim ),( Hyun Ju Oh ),( Kyung Sun Park ),( Soo Kyung Kim ),( Seok Won Park ),( Moon Jong Kim ),( Yong Wook Cho1 ) 대한내과학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.26 No.4

Background/Aims: The proper treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism and the normal range of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration are intensely debated. However, few reports have investigated TSH concentrations in Asian ethnic groups. Therefore, the present study was designed to define the TSH reference range in a Korean population and to investigate the metabolic significance of TSH concentration. Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent medical examination at the CHA Bundang Medical Center. Anthropometric data were evaluated, and serum TSH, free T4, and lipid profiles were assayed. Results: A total of 7,270 subjects were included. Mean TSH concentration of the study population was 1.82 ± 0.95 mU/L, and we observed a sex-related difference in TSH concentration (male, 1.67 ± 0.87 mU/L; female, 2.02 ± 1.01 mU/L; p < 0.01). When the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles were calculated, 95% TSH reference limits were 0.52-4.29 mU/L. TSH concentration was higher in elderly subjects, during winter, in postmenopausal women, and in obese males. Moreover, TSH showed significantly positive correlations with serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol regardless of sex, age, season, obesity, or menopausal status (all p < 0.01). Finally, TSH concentration was positively related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: We demonstrated the association between TSH concentration within the normal reference range and serum lipid levels. TSH concentration varies according to sex, age, season, and body mass index (only in males). Moreover, high normal TSH levels were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which may be of importance when evaluating subjects with high normal TSH concentration.

일반논문(一般論文) : 『황제내경(黃帝內經)』에 나타난 부인과(婦人科)에 관(關)한 문헌고찰(文獻考察)

김혜원 ( Hye Won Kim ),조정훈 ( Jung Hoon Cho ),장준복 ( Jun Bock Jang ),이경섭 ( Kyung Sub Lee ) 대한한의학원전학회 ( 구 대한원전의사학회 ) 2005 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Bisphenol A가 마우스의 장기무게 및 운동능력에 미치는 영향

조경혜,문세보,이정원 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2002 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.14 No.-

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disrupting chemical that affects reproduction in wildlife and human beings and has been shown to mimic the actions of estrogens. BPA has been thought to be a harmful compound to human beings as well as wildlife. However, there have been few reports on the effect of BPA on movement capability or weights of several organs of animals. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the effect of BPA on weights of several organs and movement capability. BPA exposure was performed in ICR male mouse at dose levels of 0.015, 1.5 or 30 mg/ml in the drinking water for 8 weeks. To evaluate the effect on movement capability, 30 min swimming was applied to mouse administrated with various doses of BPA. After experimental treatment for 8 weeks, mice were sacrificed, and experiments were performed for serolog ical evaluation and comparison of organ weights. There were no differences in serological parameters such as blood cholesterol, blood glucose. total serum protein and serum LDH activity among all groups. There were no change in weights of body and several organs. except spleen between BPA-treated and nontreated mouse. The movement capabilities were decreased in the mice treated with BPA. Electron micrographs of cross sectioned skeletal muscle fibers showed that administration of BPA caused swelling of sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results suggested that BPA may cause the structural transformation of skeletal muscle fibers and then may induce the decrease of movement capability.

골프웨어 소비자의 구매행동에 관한 연구

조원경,정성지 동덕여자대학교 디자인연구소 2002 디자인포럼21 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 골프웨어 소비자들을 대상으로 전반적은 구매행동(구매 시 상품선택요인의 중요도, 구매 시 정보원의 활용도, 아이템 소유현황, 구매목적, 구매횟수, 브랜드 선호도)의 특성을 연구하고 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 상품선택요인의 중요도와 정보원의 활용의 차이를 규명하는 것을 그 목적으로 하였다. 측정도구로는 선행연구들을 토대로 연구자가 수정ㆍ보완한 설문지를 사용하였고, 응답자의 구매 행동에 관한 문항과 인구통계적 특성 문항으로 구성되었다. 조사대상은 서울과 경기지역의 30대 미만에서 70대 이상까지 골프를 하는 남녀 소비자를 대상으로 총 530부의 설문지를 배부하여 그 중 452부를 본 연구의 최종 분석자료로 사용하였다. 자료의 분석을 위해 빈도분석과 백분율, Cronbach's α계수, 상관분석, t-test, 분산분석(ANOVA), Tukey's test 등의 통계분석기법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 골프웨어의 구매목적에서는 골프와 일상복으로 겸한다는 응답자와, 구매횟수에서는 계절이 바뀔 때마다 구매한다는 응답자가 가장 많았다. 인구통계학적 변인에 따라 구매 시 상품선택요인의 중요도와 정보원의 활동도에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purposes of the study were to understand general purchasing behavior of golf wear consumers and to figure out differences in purchasing behaviors and use of information according to demographic characteristics. As a measuring tool, the questionnaire was developed by the researchers based on previous studies. And the questionnaire consists of questions regarding purchasing behavior of golf wear consumers and demographical characteristics. The total of 530 questionnaires were distributed to male and female golfers, and 452 ones were used for the analysis. For data analysis, frequency analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Tukey's test were used. The findings from the study were summarized as follows: 1) Golf wear was used as active golf wear as well as everyday casual wear. 2) There were differences in importance of merchandise selection factors according to consumers' demographic characteristics. 3) There were differences in use of information source when selecting golf wear as a merchandise according to consumers' demographic characteristics.

한국여성 큰복재정맥의 가지상태에 대한 연구

조광수,김경용,이원복,김동창 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1990 中央醫大誌 Vol.15 No.2

The patterns of 5 tributaries draining into the great saphenous vein were stuided in 33 cases of Korean adult female cadavers from 20 to 88 years of age (average age, 64). 1. Each tributaries emptied separately into the great saphenous vein in 12.1% (left: 7.6%, right:4.5%) 2. The superficial epigastric vein and the superficial circumflex iliac vein joined to form a single trunk draining into the great saphenous vein in 18.2%. The incidences were equal in the both sides. 3. The lateral accessary saphenous vein and the superficial circumflex iliac vein joined to form a single trunk draining into the great sapheous vein in 12.1% (left: 7.6%, right: 4.5%). 4. The superficial external pudendal vein and the superficial epigastric vein joined to form a single trunk draining into the great saphenous vein in 1,5% (only in right side). 5. The superficial external pudendal vein and the medial accessory saphenous vein joined to form a single trunk draining into the great saphenous vein in 9.1% (left: 3.0%, right: 6.1%). 6. The superficial circumflex iliac vein, the superficial epigastric vein and the lateral accessary saphenous vein joined to form a single trunk draining into the great saphenous vein in 25.8% (left: 12.1%, right: 13.7%). 7. The dual fusion took place, namely the superficial external pudendal vein with the superficial epigastric vein and the superficial circumflex iliac vein with the lateral accessory saphenous vein to drain separately into the great saphenous vein in 3.0% (only in left side). 8. The dual fusion was shown between the superficial external pudendal vein and the medial accessory saphenous vein and between the superficial circumflex iliac vein and the lateral accessory saphenous vein draining separately into the great saphenous vein in 4.6% (left: 3.1%, right:1.5%) 9. The superficial epigastric vein, the superficial external pudendal vein and the medial accessory saphenous vein joined to form a single trunk draining into the great saphenous vein in 3.0% (only in right side). 10. The dual fusion took place between the superficial external pudendal vein and the medial accessory saphenous vein and between the superficial circumflex iliac vein, the superficial extenal pudendal vein and the superficial epigastric vein, and was draining separately into the great saphenous vein in 1.5% (only in left side). 11. The incidence which showed the cases deficient in one or more tributaries was 9.1%.

치매방지 작업기구 사용이 항산화효소 활성에 미치는 영향

조경혜,박정은,윤지윤,문세보,박효영,정인옥,이정원 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.13 No.-

We developed an occupational therapy tool to maintain and improve the cognitive function for the elderly who have senile dementia. 86 elderly people took a mininal mental state examination (MMSE) for the therapy to perform the occupational therapy, and divided into three groups based on avarage ages and MMSE values. The occupational therapy was treated three times per week for 10 weeks. The results showed that there were significant differences in the performing scores before and after the treatment ; the scores for the occupational therapy were increased significantly (p<0.001) and the performing time was shortened from 6-week throughout 10-week regimen. This study was to examine the effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes by occupational therapy. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, Glutathion-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased to the normal standard by the occupational therapy for the elderly having dementia. The recovery of activities of antioxidant enzymes was obvious in severe demented elderly compared to those in normal or mild demented elderly. These results suggest that the occupational therapy had an beneficial effect on the protection against the oxidative stress especially for severe demented elderly, and the occupational tool need to be modified so as to improve the protection against the oxidative stress for normal and/or mild demented elderly.

치질을 투과한 조사광에 의한 복합레진 중합시 치질의 두께, 광세기 및 조사 시간이 복합레진의 표면 경도에 미치는 영향

조수경,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.3

For clinical success of light polymerized composite resin, it needs sufficient application of light intensity and curing time. Composite resin can be polymerized by a direct light projected on the surface of resin inside the real cavity, but it can also be polymerized by projecting light indirectly through enamel or dentin. This study measured the amount of light energy that was projected on a tooth material and analyzed the degree of light polymerized by measuring the surface hardness. Optilux 501 (Demetron, USA), which uses a halogen light source, was used as a light polymerizing unit. For polymerizing light guide, two types were used for this study: a 12 mm diameter light guide with 840mW/㎠ light intensity and a turbo light guide with 1100mW/㎠. Slices of tooth disc, which include enamel and dentin, were prepared as tooth materials. The size of the disc was 0.7 × 0.7㎝, and the thickness was 1 mm and 2 mm. Light polymerized composite resin with A1 color was filled in a mold of 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, and it was polymerized by light according to the conditions specified for each group. Specimens were divided into three groups; group 1 was investigated through a tooth material of 1mm thickness, group 2 through a tooth material of 2 mm thickness, and control group through a transparent glass slab of 1 mm thickness. Each group was further divided into four subgroups, and each subgroup was examined by a turbo light guide for 20 seconds and 40 seconds and by a light guide of 12 mm diameter for 20 seconds and 40 seconds. Fifteen specimens were fabricated for each group, and they were kept in a container for 24 hours, away from the light. Vickers' hardness was measured by using a microhardness tester, and the following results were obtained. 1. The specimens from the groups 1 and control group, which were polymerized by a turbo light guide for 40 seconds, showed the highest hardness values. The specimens from group 2, which were polymerized for 20 seconds, demonstrated the lowest hardness regardless of the types of light guides(p<0.05). 2. From control group, the specimens polymerized for 40 seconds showed higher hardness than those for 20 seconds, regardless of the types of light guides (p<0.05). From group 1, the hardness values were decreased in the order of the specimens polymerized by a turbo light guide for 40 seconds, by a 12 mm light guide for 40 seconds, and by a 12 mm light guide for 20 seconds (p<0.05). From group 2, the specimens by a turbo light guide for 40 seconds showed the highest hardness(p<0.05), whereas the specimens polymerized for 20 seconds, regardless of the types of light guides, did not show any significant differences (p>0.05). 3. Group 1, which was polymerized by permeating tooth material 1mm thick, showed significant interaction between light intensity and curing time(p<0.05); but group 2, which was permeated by the tooth material 2mm thick, did not show any significant interaction between light intensity and curing time. The results of this study suggest that, when polymerizing composite resin by permeating thin tooth material below 1mm thick, polymerizing degree increases as light intensity and curing time increase. When projecting tooth material over a specified thickness, the increase of polymerization will be limited even if light intensity or curing time is increased.

I^2L을 使用한 多値論理回路의 設計

趙源敬 慶熙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

An algorithm for degining multivalued I²L Circuits is presented in this paper. New logic function MODF (Multi Output Delta Function) and WOR (Multi input Weighted OR Gate) are defined and new method is shown to be useful for multivalued PLA design.