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( Thomas Stock ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2020 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.33 No.1
According to the conventional understanding, by the 1980s North Korean ideology had little to do with Marxism-Leninism, not to mention Marxist-Leninist materialism. Scholars typically highlight the ideology’s uniqueness and liken its philosophical worldview to an idealism. From the perspective of intellectual history, the resultant image resembles a disconnect between North Korean ideology and intellectual developments in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. This study aims to begin a process of reconnecting these locales into a global intellectual history by demonstrating the deep-seated Marxist-Leninist materialism inherent in North Korean ideology. Through a careful examination of political dictionaries, theoretical journals, and archival documents, this study offers the following reevaluation of North Korean ideology: Even in the 1980s, at the height of North Korean ideology’s particularity during the Cold War, Marxist-Leninist materialism remained a fundamental component, crucial to the rationalization of human willpower and North Korea’s leadership conception.
확산포집기로 공기중 ppb 농도수준의 휘발성유기물질 포집시 확산길이와 기류변화가 시료포집속도에 미치는 영향
변상훈,톰 스톡,마리아 모란디,아프샤,제이 크로스 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.1
Passive samplers have been used for personal, indoor, and outdoor air monitoring of VOCs at ppb concentrations in community and office environments. The path length of modified passive sampler was shortened, so it was intended to increase an uptake rate. The performance of the modified 3M 3500 organic vapor monitor(OVM) as a tool for assessing exposures to toxic air pollutants in nonoccupational community environments was evaluated using combined controlled test atmospheres of six selected target volatile organic compounds(VOCs): benzene, methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE), chloroform, 1,4-dichloro-benzene, tetrachloroethylene, and toluene. The experiments were conducted by exposing the dosimeters to concen-trations of 50∼100 ㎍/㎥ on six velocity(0.00, 0.02, 0.06, 0.12, 0.20. 0.30 m/sec) for 24 hours. IF the uptake rate was increased, that means that we could use the passive sampler more effectively. The uptake rates were increased linearly according to reduce the path length. Although the diffusion path length was shortened, the change of uptake rate was with ±25% of theoretical value, in-dicating that the modified passive sampler(TM) can be effectively used over the range of concentrations and enviro-nmental conditions tested with a 24-h sampling period if the face velocities were over 0.12㎧ for 6 components of VOCs. But when the face velocities were less than 0.12㎧, uptake rates were reduced more than expected values. So, the passive sampler with the shortened path length should be used at indoor or outdoor environment where the face velocity should be over about 0.10 ㎧. If the path length was shortened more, the uptake rate was more effected by starvation.
SCC-DFTB Parametrizationfor Boron and Boranes
Grundkö,tter-Stock, Bernhard,Bezugly, Viktor,Kunstmann, Jens,Cuniberti, Gianaurelio,Frauenheim, Thomas,Niehaus, Thomas A. American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of chemical theory and computation Vol.8 No.3
<P>We present the results of our recent parametrization of the boron boron and boron, hydrogen interactions for the self-consistent charge density-functional-based tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) method. To evaluate the performance, we compare SCC-DFTB to full density functional theory (DFT) and wave-function-based semiempirical methods (AM1 and MNDO). Since the advantages of SCC-DFTB emerge especially for large systems, we calculated molecular systems of boranes and pure boron nanostructures. Computed bond lengths, bond angles, and vibrational frequencies are close to DFT predictions. We find that the proposed parametrization provides a transferable and balanced description of both finite and periodic systems.</P>
Highly Conductive Boron Nanotubes: Transport Properties, Work Functions, and Structural Stabilities
Bezugly, Viktor,Kunstmann, Jens,Grundkö,tter-Stock, Bernhard,Frauenheim, Thomas,Niehaus, Thomas,Cuniberti, Gianaurelio American Chemical Society 2011 ACS NANO Vol.5 No.6
<P>The transport properties, work functions, electronic structure, and structural stability of boron nanotubes with different lattice structures, radii, and chiralities are investigated theoretically. As the atomic structure of boron nanotubes and the related sheets is still under debate, three probable structural classes (nanotubes derived from the α-sheet, the buckled triangular sheet, and the distorted hexagonal sheet) are considered. For comparison with recent transport measurements [<I>J. Mater. Chem</I>. <B>2010</B>, <I>20</I>, 2197], the intrinsic conductance of ideal nanotubes with large diameters (<I>D</I> ≈ 10 nm) is determined. All considered boron nanotubes are highly conductive, irrespective of their lattice structures and chiralities, and they have higher conductivities than carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, the work functions of the three sheets and the corresponding large-diameter nanotubes are determined. It is found that the value of the nanotubes obtained from the α-sheet agrees well with the experiment. This indirectly shows that the atomic structure of boron nanotubes is related to the α-sheet. The structural stability of nanotubes with diameters > 2 nm approaches that of the corresponding boron sheets, and α-sheet nanotubes are the most stable ones. However, for smaller diameters the relative stabilities change significantly, and for diameters < 0.5 nm the most stable structures are zigzag nanotubes of the buckled triangular sheet. For structures related to the distorted hexagonal sheet the most stable nanotube is discovered to have a diameter of 0.39 nm.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2011/ancac3.2011.5.issue-6/nn201099a/production/images/medium/nn-2011-01099a_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn201099a'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
( Jaymin Kwon ),( Clifford P. Weisel ),( Maria T. Morandi ),( Thomas H. Stock ),( Barbara Turpin ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.10
Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and several of its particle constituents measured outside homes in Houston, Texas, and Los Angeles, California, were characterized using multiple regression analysis with proximity to point and mobile sources and meteorological factors as the independent variables. PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass and the concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), benzo-[a]-pyrene (BaP), perylene (Per), benzo-[g,h,i]-perylene (BghiP), and coronene (Cor) were examined. Negative associations of wind speed with concentrations demonstrated the effect of dilution by high wind speed. Atmospheric stability increase was associated with concentration increase. Petrochemical source proximity was included in the EC model in Houston. Area source proximity was not selected for any of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> constituents` regression models. When the median values of the meteorological factors were used and the proximity to sources varied, the air concentrations calculated using the models for the eleven PM<sub>2.5</sub> constituents outside the homes closest to influential highways were 1.5-15.8 fold higher than those outside homes furthest from the highway emission sources. When the median distance to the sources was used in the models, the concentrations of the PM<sub>2.5</sub> constituents varied 2 to 82 fold, as the meteorological conditions varied over the observed range. We found different relationships between the two urban areas, illustrating the unique nature of urban sources and suggesting that localized sources need to be evaluated carefully to understand their potential contributions to PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass and its particle constituents concentrations near residences, which influence baseline indoor air concentrations and personal exposures. The results of this study could assist in the appropriate design of monitoring networks for community-level sampling and help improve the accuracy of exposure models linking emission sources with estimated pollutant concentrations at the residential level.