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( Radhakrishnan ),( Ramalingam ),( Kang Bo Shim ),( Byeong Won Lee ),( Chung Dong Hwang ),( Suk Bok Pae ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Sung Up Kim ),( Choon Ki Lee ),( In Youl Baek ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.6
Application of rhizospheric fungi is an effective and environmentally friendly method of improving plant growth and controlling many plant diseases. The current study was aimed to identify phytohormone-producing fungi from soil, to understand their roles in sesame plant growth, and to control Fusarium disease. Three predominant fungi (PNF1, PNF2, and PNF3) isolated from the rhizospheric soil of peanut plants were screened for their growth-promoting efficiency on sesame seedlings. Among these isolates, PNF2 significantly increased the shoot length and fresh weight of seedlings compared with controls. Analysis of the fungal culture filtrate showed a higher concentration of indole acetic acid in PNF2 than in the other isolates. PNF2 was identified as Penicillium sp. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence similarity. The in vitro biocontrol activity of Penicillium sp. against Fusarium sp. was exhibited by a 49% inhibition of mycelial growth in a dual culture bioassay and by hyphal injuries as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, greenhouse experiments revealed that Fusarium inhibited growth in sesame plants by damaging lipid membranes and reducing protein content. Co-cultivation with Penicillium sp. mitigated Fusarium-induced oxidative stress in sesame plants by limiting membrane lipid peroxidation, and by increasing the protein concentration, levels of antioxidants such as total polyphenols, and peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities. Thus, our findings suggest that Penicillium sp. is a potent plant growthpromoting fungus that has the ability to ameliorate damage caused by Fusarium infection in sesame cultivation.
Ramalingam Radhakrishnan,배석복,강상모,이병규,이인중,백인열 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3
Peanut is grown primarily for human consumptiondue to their favorable nutrient profile and functional compoundsuch as isoflavone in seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluatethe amino acid, fatty acid, and isoflavone profile in seeds of sevenpeanut cultivars (Suwon 88, Daewon, Daekwang, Seonan, Saedeul,Satonoka, and Pungan) grown in Korea. The protein and oilcontents in peanut seeds varied at the range of 21.4 to 32.0% and41.7 to 47.2%, respectively. The quantity of protein was relativelysimilar in all peanut cultivars except Pungan seeds. The result ofamino acid analysis showed that Suwon 88, Daewon, and Seonanseeds had higher concentration of amino acid (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu,Pro, Gly, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, His, Lys, and Arg)than other peanut cultivars. However, the quantity of oil washigher in Suwon 88, Daekwang, Seonan, and Satonoka seeds,whereas the fatty acid profile analysis revealed that higher levelsof oleic acid, arachidic acid, gondoic acid, behenic acids, andlower levels of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids were found inSaedeul seeds. In addition, the isoflavones, daidzin, genistin, anddaidzein were higher in Satonoka (97.96, 63.19, and 33.8 μg/g,respectively) followed by Daewon. The results of the presentstudy suggest that the cross among identified peanut cultivars,Satonoka (high yielding isoflavones), Seadeul (high yielding oleicacid), Suwon 88, Daewon, and Seonan (high yielding amino acid)would improve the nutritional and functional compounds ofbreeding lines.
Parental Effects on Nutritional and Antioxidants Constituents in Seeds of Peanut cv. Boreom 1
Ramalingam Radhakrishnan,배석복,강상모,이인중,백인열 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.1
In spite of the importance of parental inheritance effects, many aspects remain inadequately explained. The objective of this studywas to explore parental effects on their progeny by estimating the variability of nutritional content in peanut seeds. The peanut cv. Boreom 1 was derived from Suwon 108 (female) and Milyang 4 (male). Protein and amino acid analyses revealed that male andfemale parent influences on protein, Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, His, and Arg content in their progeny. The oil and fatty acid composition (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:0, C20:1, and C22:0) of the progeny were controlled byboth parental types. The synergistic interaction of female and male parental genes was also shown on sucrose and stachiyose content,while paternal effect was found on raffinose in their progeny. The antioxidant activity, daidzin, glycitin, genistin, mal-glycitin, maldaidzin,mal-genistin, and daidzein content of Boreom 1 were significantly correlated with those secondary metabolites of female parent. Our results documented that both parental genes differentially influenced on nutritional composition of their progeny, Boreom 1. This biochemical evidence of parental effects would be support to identify the suitable cultivars to improve the crop breeding.
Radhakrishnan, Ramalingam,Pae, Suk-Bok,Kang, Sang-Mo,Lee, Byoung-Kyu,Lee, In-Jung,Baek, In-Youl The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3
Peanut is grown primarily for human consumption due to their favorable nutrient profile and functional compound such as isoflavone in seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amino acid, fatty acid, and isoflavone profile in seeds of seven peanut cultivars (Suwon 88, Daewon, Daekwang, Seonan, Saedeul, Satonoka, and Pungan) grown in Korea. The protein and oil contents in peanut seeds varied at the range of 21.4 to 32.0% and 41.7 to 47.2%, respectively. The quantity of protein was relatively similar in all peanut cultivars except Pungan seeds. The result of amino acid analysis showed that Suwon 88, Daewon, and Seonan seeds had higher concentration of amino acid (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, His, Lys, and Arg) than other peanut cultivars. However, the quantity of oil was higher in Suwon 88, Daekwang, Seonan, and Satonoka seeds, whereas the fatty acid profile analysis revealed that higher levels of oleic acid, arachidic acid, gondoic acid, behenic acids, and lower levels of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids were found in Saedeul seeds. In addition, the isoflavones, daidzin, genistin, and daidzein were higher in Satonoka (97.96, 63.19, and $33.8{\mu}g/g$, respectively) followed by Daewon. The results of the present study suggest that the cross among identified peanut cultivars, Satonoka (high yielding isoflavones), Seadeul (high yielding oleic acid), Suwon 88, Daewon, and Seonan (high yielding amino acid) would improve the nutritional and functional compounds of breeding lines.
Endophytic Fungal Pre-treatments of Seeds Alleviates Salinity Stress Effects in Soybean Plants
Ramalingam Radhakrishnan,Abdul Latif Khan,이인정 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.6
In the present study, four endophytic fungi (GM-1, GM-2,GM-3, and GM-4) were tested for their ability to improve soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions. The seed germination and plant growth were higher in seeds pretreated with endophytic fungal cultures than their controls. The positive influence of fungi on plant growth was supported by gibberellins analysis of culture filtrate (CF), which showed wide diversity and various concentrations of GAs. Specifically, GA4, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA12, and GA20 were found in fungal CFs. Under salinity stress conditions, GM-1significantly enhanced the length and fresh weight of soybean plants relative to other fungal treatments. GM-1 effectively mitigated the adverse effects of salinity by limiting lipid peroxidation and accumulating protein content. GM-2,GM-3, and GM-4 also counteracted the salinity induced oxidative stress in soybean plants through reduction of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of protein content, maintaining the length and fresh weight of shoots. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were inhibited in salinity exposed plants,while GM-1 significantly enhanced these antioxidant enzyme activities in plants under salt stress. GM-1 treatment also showed lower levels of abscisic acid and elevated levels of salicylic acid in plants under salinity stress. Hence, GM-1 was identified as Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis) isolate RK01 based on its DNA sequence homology. These results suggest that endophytic fungal (F. verticillioides) pre-treatment of soybean seeds would be an effective method to promote soybean plant growth under salinity stress conditions.
Parental Effects on Nutritional and Antioxidants Constituents in Seeds of Peanut cv. Boreom 1
Radhakrishnan, Ramalingam,Pae, Suk-Bok,Kang, Sang-Mo,Lee, In-Jung,Baek, In-Youl 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.1
In spite of the importance of parental inheritance effects, many aspects remain inadequately explained. The objective of this study was to explore parental effects on their progeny by estimating the variability of nutritional content in peanut seeds. The peanut cv. Boreom 1 was derived from Suwon 108 (female) and Milyang 4 (male). Protein and amino acid analyses revealed that male and female parent influences on protein, Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, His, and Arg content in their progeny. The oil and fatty acid composition (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:0, C20:1, and C22:0) of the progeny were controlled by both parental types. The synergistic interaction of female and male parental genes was also shown on sucrose and stachiyose content, while paternal effect was found on raffinose in their progeny. The antioxidant activity, daidzin, glycitin, genistin, mal-glycitin, maldaidzin, mal-genistin, and daidzein content of Boreom 1 were significantly correlated with those secondary metabolites of female parent. Our results documented that both parental genes differentially influenced on nutritional composition of their progeny, Boreom 1. This biochemical evidence of parental effects would be support to identify the suitable cultivars to improve the crop breeding.
( Ko Eun Lee ),( Ramalingam Radhakrishnan ),( Sang Mo Kang ),( Young Hyun You ),( Gil Jae Joo ),( In Jung Lee ),( Jae Hwan Ko ),( Jin Ho Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.9
The use of microbial extracts containing plant hormones is a promising technique to improve crop growth. Little is known about the effect of bacterial cell-free extracts on plant growth promotion. This study, based on phytohormonal analyses, aimed at exploring the potential mechanisms by which Enterococcus faecium LKE12 enhances plant growth in oriental melon. A bacterial strain, LKE12, was isolated from soil, and further identified as E. faecium by 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The plant growth-promoting ability of an LKE12 bacterial culture was tested in a gibberellin (GA)-deficient rice dwarf mutant (waito-C) and a normal GA biosynthesis rice cultivar (Hwayongbyeo). E. faecium LKE12 significantly improved the length and biomass of rice shoots in both normal and dwarf cultivars through the secretion of an array of gibberellins (GA1, GA3, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA12, GA19, GA20, GA24, and GA53), as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study indicating that E. faecium can produce GAs. Increases in shoot and root lengths, plant fresh weight, and chlorophyll content promoted by E. faecium LKE12 and its cell-free extract inoculated in oriental melon plants revealed a favorable interaction of E. faecium LKE12 with plants. Higher plant growth rates and nutrient contents of magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, silicon, zinc, and nitrogen were found in cell-free extract-treated plants than in control plants. The results of the current study suggest that E. faecium LKE12 promotes plant growth by producing GAs and IAA; interestingly, the exogenous application of its cell-free culture extract can be a potential strategy to accelerate plant growth.