Comparative Study of Single and Double Gate All Around Cylindrical FET Structures for High-K Dielectric Materials

Rajveer Kaur,Balwinder Singh 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.4

The performance of conventional MOSFET deteriorates because of the short channel effects that appears when it is scaled into nm regime. The existing techniques like channel scaling, variations in the work function implemented on a MOSFET could no longer confront these limitations which demand for the necessity of some upgraded devices and materials that would overcome these shortcomings and offer ameliorate performance. Two experimentally based devices gate all around (GAA) FET and double gate all around (DGAA) FET are modeled and compared at 10 nm and 20 nm respectively In this paper, the effect of scaling the gate length, oxide thickness and variations in the drain to source voltage utilizing two different gate dielectrics for a single and double GAA cylindrical FET on their respective device performance in terms of drive current (I ON ), leakage current (I OFF ), switching speed (I ON /I OFF ) and subthreshold swing. The study reveals that with a thinner gate oxide, less gate length, less drain to source voltage and with an additional core gate utilizing high-k dielectric materials, the device achieves a better subthreshold slope, higher value of ON-state current, larger ON/OFF current ratio, lesser OFF-state current and lesser power consumption.

Investigation of EDFA based 32 Channel C-Band Optical WDM System for Different Pumping Techniques

Mehtab Singh,Rajveer 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.12

With the rise in demand for channel capacity, Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technique is employed in optical communication networks. Gain Flattened Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is used in optical WDM system to obtain a uniform output power level. The performance of EDFA depends on various parameters such as fiber length, pump power, pumping wavelength and pumping technique. The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of EDFA for different pumping techniques namely co-propagating, counter-propagating and bidirectional propagating in a 32 channel C-band optical WDM transmission system at different levels of pump power and different fiber lengths. The system has been analyzed on the basis of received power, BER, gain, noise figure and Q- Factor in the wavelength range of 1528nm to 1562nm at -25dBm transmission power and 0.5nm channel spacing. The results obtained using different pumping techniques are compared to find an appropriate pumping technique which optimizes the performance of the optical WDM transmission system.

Improving the isolation of a tunable terahertz multi-input-multi-output dielectric resonator antenna using graphene coating

Nishtha,Yaduvanshi Rajveer Singh,Varshney Gaurav 한국물리학회 2023 Current Applied Physics Vol.50 No.-

A technique is developed for enhancing the isolation between the ports of a terahertz (THz) dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) with two ports and single radiator. A two-port DRA provides the isolation of 6.88 dB which is further enhanced to 16.78 dB by inserting a circular slot in the ground plane of this antenna structure. The sidewalls of the DR at opposite to the source ends are then coated with the graphene material which enhances the value of isolation between the ports up to 25.05 dB. The coating of top surface of DR with graphene material enhances the isolation up to 35.10 dB. Coating of graphene material at all the open surfaces of the DR can enhance the isolation up to 63.06 dB. The frequency response of antenna can be tuned by applying the electrostatic field on the graphene coating at top surface of the DR. Moreover, the multi-input-multi-output performance parameters like envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain remains less than 0.06 and 9.8 in the passband. The orthogonal feed arrangement used in the antenna structure can provide the polarization diversity.

A New Analytical Method for Optimal Sizing and Sitting of Type-IV DG in an Unbalanced Distribution System Considering Power Loss Minimization

Pushkarna Mukesh,Ashfaq Haroon,Singh Rajveer,Kumar Rajeev 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.5

This paper presents a new analytical method which is derived from a basic power fl ow equation and then modifi ed for an unbalanced feeder for optimal sizing and sitting of Type-IV DG (A DG which supply active power and in return consume reactive power) at a large scale in an unbalanced distribution system. Introducing a DG that requires reactive power possesses some serious concern with power quality and this situation becomes more venerable when DG is connected in an unbalanced feeder. This is done by identifying the power loss at each node and a new power economy factor which represents exact power loss formulae in terms of economy is formulated for unbalanced feeders considering power loss minimization technique. Further, it is then minimized to acquire the optimal sizing and sitting of DG. For validating the results, IEEE 34 and 123 bus systems unbalanced system was used and it has been found that the proposed method shows signifi cant power loss reduction in the distribution system.

Primary pyomyositis in North India: a clinical, microbiological, and outcome study

( Susheel Kumar ),( Ashish Bhalla ),( Rajveer Singh ),( Navneet Sharma ),( Aman Sharma ),( Vikas Gautam ),( Surjit Singh ),( Subhash Varma ) 대한내과학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.33 No.2

Background/Aims: Pyomyositis is an infective condition with primary involvement of the skeletal muscles. There is sparse recent literature on patients with pyomyositis. Methods: This study was carried out at emergency services of a tertiary care center located in subtropical area of Indian subcontinent. Results: Sixty-two patients of primary pyomyositis formed the study cohort. Mean age of occurrence was 29.9 ± 14.8 years. There were 54 men. Twelve patients had underlying medical diseases. Muscle pain was seen in all 62 patients. Forty-eight patients (77.4%) had the fever. Most common site of involvement was thigh muscles (n = 29, 46.8%). Forty-nine patients (79%) presented in the suppurative stage of illness. Patients with comorbidities were older (age: median 36 years [interquartile range (IQR), 25 to 47] vs. 24 years [IQR, 16 to 35], p = 0.024), had higher culture positivity with gram-negative organisms (8/9 [88.89%] vs. 6/29 [20.69%], p = 0.001). Importantly, higher number of these patients received inappropriate antibiotics initially. Patients with positive pus culture result had higher complication rate (32/38 [84.21%] vs. 10/18 [55.56%], p = 0.044). Six patients (9.7%) had in-hospital mortality. Lower first-day serum albumin, initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy, and advanced form of the disease at presentation were associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Primary pyomyositis is not an uncommon disease entity. Patients with comorbidities were more likely to receive initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy. Patients with positive pus culture report had the higher rate of complications. Lower first-day serum albumin, initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy and advanced form of the disease at presentation were associated with increased in-hospital mortality.

Upregulated Myc Expression in N-Methyl Nitrosourea (MNU)-induced Rat Mammary Tumours

Barathidasan, Rajamani,Pawaiya, Rajveer Singh,Rai, Ram Bahal,Dhama, Kuldeep Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Background: The most common incident cancer and cause of cancer-related deaths in women is breast cancer. The Myc gene is upregulated in many cancer types including breast cancer, and it is considered as a potential anti-cancer drug target. The present study was conducted to evaluate the Myc (gene and protein) expression pattern in an experimental mammary tumour model in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty six Sprague Dawley rats were divided into: Experimental group (26 animals), which received the chemical carcinogen N-methyl nitrosourea (MNU) and a control group (10 animals), which received vehicle only. c-Myc oncoprotein and its mRNA expression pattern were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively, in normal rat mammary tissue and mammary tumours. The rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was used as internal control for semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Histopathological examination of mammary tissues and tumours from MNU treated animals revealed the presence of premalignant lesions, benign tumours, in situ carcinomas and invasive carcinomas. Immunohistochemical evaluation of tumour tissues showed upregulation and heterogeneous cellular localization of c-Myc oncoprotein. The expression levels of c-Myc oncoprotein were significantly elevated (75-91%) in all the tumours. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed increased expression of c-Myc mRNA in mammary tumours compared to normal mammary tissues. Conclusions: Further large-scale investigation study is needed to adopt this experimental rat mammary tumour model as an in vivo model to study anti-cancer strategies directed against Myc or its downstream partners at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level.