Energy-Saving Oriented On/Off Strategies in Heterogeneous Networks : an Asynchronous Approach with Dynamic Traffic Variations

( Lun Tang ),( Weili Wang ),( Qianbin Chen ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.11

Recent works have validated the possibility of reducing the energy consumption in wireless heterogeneous networks, achieved by switching on/off some base stations (BSs) dynamically. In this paper, to realize energy conservation, the discrete time Markov Decision Process (DTMDP) is developed to match up the BS switching operations with the traffic load variations. Then, an asynchronous decision-making algorithm, which is based on the Bellman equation and the on/off priorities of the BSs, is firstly put forward and proved to be optimal in this paper. Through reducing the state and action space during one decision, the proposed asynchronous algorithm can avoid the “curse of dimensionality” occurred in DTMDP frequently. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed asynchronous on/off strategies.

Effect of Solvent Dyeing Medium on Dye Encapsulation and Non-Aqueous Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Rhamnolipid (RL) Microbial Biosurfactant-Based Reactive Dye Encapsulated Reverse Micelles

Yiu Lun Alan Tang,Cheng-hao Lee,Yanming Wang,Chi‑wai Kan 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

Feasibility and applicability of rhamnolipid (RL) microbial biosurfactant-based reverse micellar non-aqueous system in different solvent medium for dyeing of cotton fabrics was investigated. In this study, several solvents, including heptane, octane, nonane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and paraffin liquid (PL), were chosen as the dyeing medium for non-aqueous dyeing of cotton fabrics with fixed dyeing parameters. The dyeing properties of these RL reverse micellar dyed samples in different solvent medium were examined and compared with the conventional water-dyed samples in terms of color yield (K/Ssum value), CIE L*a*b* values, color levelness and reflectance. Most non-aqueous RL reverse micellar dyed samples exhibited better color yield than conventional water-dyed samples. The surface morphology of dyed cotton samples and the dye encapsulation morphology in different solvent medium were observed by SEM and TEM, respectively. Most non-aqueous dyed samples yielded good to excellent levelness comparable to water-dyed samples. However, poor levelness and bad levelness were found for D5-and PL-dyed samples. Further modification of dyeing parameters would be needed to obtain the best dyeing results for D5-dyed and PL-dyed samples.

A Computer Colour Matching (CCM) Study on Non-aqueous Reactive Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Rhamnolipid (RL) Microbial Biosurfactant-Based Reverse Micelles

Alan Yiu Lun Tang,Cheng-hao Lee,Yanming Wang,Chi‑wai Kan 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.2

The feasibility of computer colour matching (CCM) of rhamnolipid-based reverse micellar dyeing system on cotton fibre inoctane media has been investigated and compared with that of conventional water-based dyeing system. Calibration resultsconfirm that the calibration curves of both systems are linear in structure. Reflectance curves reveal that both water-dyedand RL octane-dyed standard and batch samples are identical in shape without any peak shift and alteration of colour properties. The actual colour matching results of RL octane reverse micellar dyeing system are close to theoretical predictionwith percentage difference less than 25%, verifying the applicability of CCM on RL reverse micellar dyeing system. RLoctane-dyed samples can achieve good to excellent levelness, washing and rubbing fastness, which are comparable to thatof water-dyed samples. Further experiments have been conducted to analyse the zeta-potential surface charge, particle sizedistribution and Raman spectra of RL. Volatile organic compound (VOC) detection and solvent recovery have also beenconducted. Experimental results reveal that the leakage of octane solvent is between 2 and 3 ppm which is at acceptably lowlevel whilst more than 98% of octane can be recovered for further use after the RL reverse micellar dyeing process, validatingthe environmental friendliness potential of the RL octane reverse micellar dyeing system.

Customer Churn Identifying Model Based on Dual Customer Value Gap

Lun Hou,Xiaowo Tang 한국경영과학회 2010 Management Science and Financial Engineering Vol.16 No.2

The customer churn and the forecast of customer churn have been important research topics for a long time in the academic domain of customer relationship management. The customer value is studied to construct a gap model based on dual customer values; a basic description of customer value is given, then the gaps between products and services in different periods for the customers and companies are analyzed. The main factors that influence the perceived customer value are analyzed to define the “recognized value gap” and a gap model for the dual customer value is constructed. Based on the dual customer gap a con?ceptual model to determine potential churn customers is proposed in the paper.

Fabrication and Conductive Performance of Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide-Coated Halloysite Nanotubes

Huilin Lun,Jing Ouyang,Aidong Tang,Huaming Yang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.6

Antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) was deposited on the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to obtain conductive composite ATO/HNTs by a hydrolysis precipitation process. Structure and morphology of the samples were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry – differential scanning calorimetry (TG – DSC), transmission electron micro-scope (TEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that ATO nanoparticles were successfully coated as thin layers on the surface of halloysite and the particle size was ~7.4 nm when calcined at 700℃. The ATO/HNTs composites were obtained with a resistivity of ~430Ω · cm under the optimum experimental parameters. ATO layers were proved to attach to the halloysite surface via the Sn–O–Si or Sn–O–Al bonds. A corresponding coating mechanism was depicted.

Silencing of Lysyl Oxidase Gene Expression by RNA Interference Suppresses Metastasis of Breast Cancer

Liu, Jian-Lun,Wei, Wei,Tang, Wei,Jiang, Yi,Yang, Hua-Wei,Li, Jing-Tao,Zhou, Xiao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate possible mechanisms of LOX gene effects on invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells by RNA interference. Methods: LOX-RNAi-LV was designed, synthesized, and then transfected into a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Expression of LOX, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was determined by real-time PCR, and protein expression of LOX by Western blotting. Cell migration and invasiveness were assessed with Transwell chambers. A total of 111 cases of breast cancer tissues, cancer-adjacent normal breast tissues, and 20 cases of benign lesion tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Expression of LOX mRNA and protein was suppressed, and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was significantly lower in the RNAi group than the control group (P<0.05), after LOX-RNAi-LV was transfection into MDA-MB-231 cells. Migration and invasion abilities were obviously inhibited. The expression of LOX protein in breast cancer, cancer-adjacent normal breast tissues and benign breast tumor were 48.6% (54/111), 26.1% (29/111), 20.0% (4/20), respectively, associations being noted with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor size and ER, PR, HER2, but not age. LOX protein was positively correlated with MMP-2 and MMP-9. Conclusion: LOX displayed an important role in invasion and metastasis of breast cancer by regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression which probably exerted synergistic effects on the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Reverse Micellar Dyeing of Wool Fabric with Reactive Dyes

Yanming Wang,Yiu-lun Tang,Cheng-hao Lee,Chi-wai Kan 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.11

The approach of using reverse micelle with nonionic surfactant (poly(ethylene glycol), PEG)) as building blockhas been employed to investigate dyeability of wool fabrics with reactive dyes in a one-bath non-aqueous solvent system. Three colours were used and they were encapsulated in the core of the PEG-based reverse micelle under optimised processparameters (i.e. (i) Solvent volume to wool fabric weight ratio (v/w)=10:1; (ii) Surfactant/water mole ratio=0.04:1; (iii)Surfactant/co-surfactant mole ratio=1:8; (iv) Volume of water-pool for dye=0.5 ml; (v) Dyeing time=50 minutes; and (vi)Dyeing temperature=88 oC). Comparison of non-aqueous and aqueous-based (water-based) dyeing was conducted in terms ofdyeability as reflected by colour yield and colour fastness properties. Experimental results revealed that the reverse micellarnon-aqueous dyeing system can provide a better dyeing performance than aqueous-based dyeing system.

Color Congruency between Text and Graphics Improves Reading Fluency and Comprehension

Pei-Chen, Wang,Tsuei-Ju, Hsieh,Da-Lun, Tang 한국색채학회 2017 AIC 2017 Jeju Vol.2017 No.10

In layout design, color helps not only to decorate but also to index important messages across texts. In this study, we used eye movement data and a reading comprehension test to examine how different color schemes could affect reading behavior when applied in various infographics composed graphics and corresponding explanation text. Three types of infographics were designed: a tour map, a data diagram and an explanatory graph. Each infographic was varied in four coloring schemes that used in highlighting important messages mutually in the texts and the graphics within a infographic. The messages appear in both graphic and the explanatory text were colored in gray scale (no color highlights), a single red color, multiple colors congruently highlight the text and graphics, and multiple colors incongruently highlight the text and graphics. Twenty participants were recruited for the tests. Two-way ANOVA and analyses indicated that different coloring schemes of highlights in text and graphics would impact the readers comprehending process, as well as use different coloring schemes in different information types.

Dyeing Wool Knitted Fabric in Nano-scale Reverse Micelle with Reactive Dyes - A Computer Colour Matching Study

Cheng-hao Lee,Yanming Wang,Yiu-lun Tang,Chi-wai Kan 한국섬유공학회 2021 Fibers and polymers Vol.22 No.5

The colour quality assessment of reverse micelle-based (in octane or nonane medium) and conventional waterbaseddyed wool knitted fabric has been investigated using computer colour matching (CCM) approach. Both water-basedand non-aqueous based dyeing methods exhibited no chromatic shift from the reflectance curves and established goodlinearity in the construction of calibration curves. The linearity of both calibration curves in terms of R2 value played a criticalrole in CCM. The colour yield obtained from reverse micellar dyed fabric samples was higher than the colour yield valuesfrom wool knitted fabrics dyed in water bath under different dye percentages. The CCM predicted concentrations were ingood agreement to theoretical concentrations for both dyeing systems. To conclude, the results showed that reverse micellardyeing in octane and nonane is capable of generating reliable colour recipes. The relative unlevelness indices (RUI) obtainedfrom dyed wool knitted fabrics using reverse micellar approach reveal good to excellent levelness, which fulfills therequirements of the textile processing industry. TEM picture illustrated that reverse micelles are in nano-scale and this couldenhance the dyeing effect of wool with reactive dyes.

Safety and Efficacy of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir in a Genotype 1 HCV Infected Chinese Population: Results from a Phase 3, Clinical Trial

( Lai Wei ),( Qing Xie ),( Jin Lin Hou ),( Hong Tang ),( Qin Ning ),( Jun Cheng ),( Yuemin Nan ),( Lunli Zhang ),( Jun Li ),( Jianning Jiang ),( Megan Kim ),( Brian Mcnabb ),( Fangqiu Zhang ),( Gregor 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major health threat in China, affecting at least 10 million people, with approximately 58% having genotype (GT) 1 infection. There is a critical need for simple, all oral, direct-acting antiviral regimens to treat GT1 HCV in this region. Treatment with ledipasvir (LDV)/sofosbuvir (SOF) results in high sustained virologic response rates 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12) in GT1 HCV infected patients in clinical trials and real-world settings. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of LDV/SOF for 12 weeks in Chinese patients with chronic GT1 HCV infection. Methods: Treatment experienced and treatment naïve patients with chronic GT1 HCV infection with no cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis were eligible to enroll in a single-arm, openlabel trial to receive a fixed dosed combination of LDV/SOF 90/400 mg daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR12 using the CAP/CTM HCV 2.0 assay (LLOQ =15 IU/mL) and the primary safety endpoint was adverse events (AEs) leading to LDV/SOF discontinuation. Results: A total of 206 Chinese patients were enrolled and treated. Of these, 50% were male, 16% had compensated cirrhosis, 49% were treatment-experienced, 76% had IL28B CC genotype, and 100% had GT1b HCV infection. The mean (range) age and body mass index of enrolled subjects were 47 (21-72) years and 23 (14-34) kg/m2, respectively. The overall SVR12 rate is 100% (206/206). All 32 patients with cirrhosis (15 of whom were treatment-experienced), achieved SVR12. There were no discontinuations due to AEs. No serious or severe AEs were assessed by the investigator as related to study drug and there were no deaths. Conclusions: Treatment with the single tablet regimen of LDV/SOF for 12 weeks resulted in 100% SVR12 and was well tolerated in treatment experienced and treatment naïve GT1 HCVinfected Chinese patients with and without cirrhosis.