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Rheological Behavior of Poloxamer 407 Solution and Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) on the Gelation
Lee, Ka-Young,Cho, Cheong-Weon,Lee, Yong-Bok,Shin, Sang-Chul,Oh, In-Joon 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.1
The rheological behavior of poloxamer 407 solution as function of concentration and temperature was evaluated by rotational viscometer. The viscosity of poloxamer 407 solution was increased as the concentration of poloxamer 407 and temperature increased. At 4℃, poloxamer 407 solution showed the Newtonian flow characteristics regardless of concentration. Upon increasing temperature the poloxamer solution changed to the pseudoplastic flow patter. And at gelation temperature, theological profiles showed the abrupt increase in viscosity. Gelation temperature was decreased as the concentration of poloxamer 407 increased, while it increased as the concentration of poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 increase. Poly(ehtylene glycol) might be expected to reduce the driving force for hydrophobic interaction resulting in slow gelation. From the viscoelastic properties of poloxamer gel system, we obtained the storage and loss modulus depending on the shear stress and frequency. And the sol-gel transition temperature was also obtained from the viscoelastic properties of poloxamer 407 gel.
Severe but reversible acute kidney injury resulting from Amanita punctata poisoning
( Eun Jung Kang ),( Ka Young Cheong ),( Min Jeong Lee ),( Seirhan Kim ),( Gyu Tae Shin ),( Heung Soo Kim ),( In Whee Park ) 대한신장학회 2015 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.34 No.4
Mushroom-related poisoning can cause acute kidney injury. Here we report a case of acute kidney injury after ingestion of Amanita punctata, which is considered an edible mushroom. Gastrointestinal symptoms occurred within 24 hours from the mushroom intake and were followed by an asymptomatic period, acute kidney injury, and elevation of liver and pancreatic enzymes. Kidney function recovered with supportive care. Nephrotoxic mushroom poisoning should be considered as a cause of acute kidney injury.
( Eun Jung Kang ),( Hwa Jung Lee ),( Ka Young Cheong ),( In Hwee Park ),( Heung Soo Kim ),( Gyu Tae Shin ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: The combined peritoneal dialysis (PD) regimen of different biocompatible solutions consisiting of bicarbonate/lactate-, icodextrin- and aminoacid solutions (BIC/ LAC-ICO-AA), has been developed to reduce carbohydrate absorption and peritoneal glucose and GDP exposure (Holmes CJ. Perit Dial Int. 2000). Another combined PD regimen of convntional lactate solutions with one icodextrin exchange (LAC-ICO) has been also widely used especially for automated PD. In this study, we investigated the function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in end stage renal disease patients on these PD regimens. Methods: PBMCs were isolated from peripheral venous blood using ficoll gradient Methods: To investigate the function of monocytes, PBMCs were stimulated with lipopolysacharride and the supernatants were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Isolated lymphocytes were stimulated with ionomycin, phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) and brefeldin A and then stained with CD3-, CD8 surface markers and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for fi ow cytometry (FACS) analysis. Lymphocytes were also stimulated with ionomycin and PMA for TNF-alpha and IL-6 ELISA. Results: Monocytes in the LAC-ICO group (n=16) secreted signifi cantly higher TNF-alpha and IL-6 compared to healthy controls whereas the BIC/LAC-ICO-AA group (n=16) and healthy controls (n=10) were comparable. The FACS analysis of lymphocytes showed similar expression of IFN-gamma (Th1 signature antigen) and IL-4 (Th2 signature antigen) in CD4 T-lymphocytes and CD8 T-lymphocytes in both the LAC-ICO (n=12) and the BIC/ LAC-ICO-AA groups (n=11) compared to to healthy controls (n=10). Similarly, both PD groups were comparable in secretingTNF-alpha and IL-6 by lymphocytes compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: The LAC-ICO PD regimen enhanced the monocytes function of secreting pro-infi ammatory cytokines. The LAC-ICO and the BIC/LAC-ICO-AA PD regimens neither perturb T-cell cytokine pattern, nor altered the pro-infiammatory cytokine secretory function of lymphocytes.
Ahn, Yo Han,Kim, Seong Heon,Han, Kyoung Hee,Choi, Hyun Jin,Cho, Heeyeon,Lee, Jung Won,Shin, Jae Il,Cho, Min Hyun,Lee, Joo Hoon,Park, Young Seo,Ha, Il-Soo,Cheong, Hae Il,Kim, Su Young,Lee, Seung Joo,Ka Williams & Wilkins Co 2018 Medicine Vol.97 No.46
<▼1><P>Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background:</B></P><P>The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (RTX) has been proposed as a rescue therapy for difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome (NS). We conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RTX in children with difficult-to-treat NS dependent on or resistant to steroids and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs).</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>A multicenter open-label trial was performed at 8 major pediatric nephrology centers in Korea. The investigation consisted of a randomized controlled trial for steroid- and CNI-dependent NS (DDNS; randomization into the RTX group and the control group, at a ratio of 2:1) and a single-arm study of steroid and CNI-resistant NS (DRNS). DDNS patients in the RTX group and DRNS patients received a single dose of intravenous RTX (375 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> of body surface area) for B-cell depletion. A second RTX dose was administered at week 2 if the first dose failed to achieve depletion of CD19(+) cells. The primary endpoint was rate of maintaining remission at 6 months after treatment for DDNS and rate of remission achievement for DRNS.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Sixty-one children with DDNS were enrolled while in remission and randomized to the control group (21 patients) or the RTX group (40 patients). At 6 months after treatment, the remission rates were 74.3% in the RTX group and 31.3% in the control group (<I>P</I> = .003). The mean duration of remission maintenance was significantly higher in the RTX group than in the control group (9.0 vs 2.9 months, <I>P</I> = .004). Of the 23 patients with DRNS enrolled in the single-arm study and treated with RTX, 9 (39.1%) achieved partial or complete remission within 6 months. Depletion of B cells occurred in all patients with RTX therapy. Thirty patients (50.8% of 59 patients analyzed) experienced mild and transient infusion reaction during RTX administration, and most adverse events were mild.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>RTX administration was safe and effective in patients with difficult-to-treat NS. One or 2 doses of RTX may be sufficient to deplete B cells and achieve better control of pediatric NS.</P></▼2>