LCA 를 통한 가전제품 폐기단계의 환경부하 및 주요 환경영향 규명

박필주,노재성,이건모 한국전과정평가학회 1999 한국전과정평가학회지 Vol.1 No.1

전과정평가는 원료취득 및 가공, 제품제조, 사용 및 폐기단계에서 발생되는 환경부하를 정량화하고 이들이 환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 과정으로 이루어진다. LCA 결과의 신뢰도를 제고시키기 위해서는 제조단계나 사용단계와 마찬가지로 폐기단계도 중요한 공정으로 간주되어야 한다. 여기서는 노동-자본 결합형 재활용 기술을 적용한 폐가전제품 처리방법에 대해 조사하였으며, 재활용공정과 소각공정을 중심으로 국내 상황을 고려한 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 또한, 냉장고의 폐기단계 LCA를 수행하여 주요이슈를 규명하였다. 주요이슈 규명은 각 영향범주별 주요이슈 규명과 전체 시스템의 주요이슈 규명의 두가지 방법에 의해 수행되었다. 수행결과 분해공정, Cabinet foam, 단열재공정이 주요 이슈로 규명되었으며, 냉매제의 대기 방출, PCB 소각 등으로 인한 환경부하가 전체의 50% 이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지구온난화, 인간독성(대기), 산성화 등의 영향범주에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) is a procedure evaluating environmental burdens associated with a product, process, or activity from raw material aquisition to disposal. Disposal phase as well as manufacturing or use phase should be considered as an important process in order to evaluate confidence in the LCA results. In this study, we examined the application of management method involved with manpower-capital conbined recycling technique on home appliances in disposal phase. Database, considered as national specific situation, recycling processes and incineration has been established. Also, we carried out the LCA on a refrigerator in the disposal phase and identified the key issues. Two methods for the identification of key issues were studied, one for impact category and the other for whole system. As a result, Identified key issues are disassembly, cabinet foam, urethane. So are coolant, PCB incineration. These are more than 50% of whole environmental burdens. Also, The value of global warming, human toxicity of air emission, and acidification are high.

비소세포 폐암 환자의 이차 치료로서 Gemcitabine과 Vinorelbine 혼합 요법의 효과

장필순,강현모,이정은,권선중,안진영,이연선,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 암공동연구소 2006 암공동연구소 업적집 Vol.5 No.

Background : Both gemcitabine and vinorelbine are effective anticancer drugs with mild toxicity on non-small cell lung cancer, and monotherapy of these drugs are effective as a second-line chemotherapy. The aim of this trial was to assess the response and toxicity of a combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients of previously treated for non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods : 24 patients, initial stage III A/B,IV and previously treated with platinium and taxane based regimens, were enrolled from June 2000 to March 2004. The regimens consisted of vinorelbine 25mg/㎡ followed by an infusion of gemcitabine 1000mg/㎡ on day 1 and day 8 every three weeks. This course was repeated more than twice. Results : Twenty-four patients were analyzed for the response, survival rate, and toxicities. The overall response was 17% with a complete remission rate of 4%. The median time-to progression (TTP) was 3.1 months (95%, CI l-10months), and the survival time was 8.2 months (95%, CI 1-23 months). The grade 3/4 toxicities encountered were neutropenia (12.5%), anemia (0%), thrombocytopenia (0%). Non-hematological 3/4 toxicities were not observed. Conclusion : A combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients previously treated for non-small cell lung cancer provides a relatively good response rate, and a low toxicity profile. However, further study will be needed to confirm its effectiveness. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2005; 58: 344-351) 배경 : Gemcitabine, paditaxel, docetaxel, vinorelbine, ir-rinotecan 새로운 항종양제의 출현으로 일차 치료의효과가 증대 되고 있고 재발시에도 좋은 신체 활동도를 보이고 있어서 이차 치료의 대상군도 늘어나는 효과를 보이고 있다. 치료의 필요성은 증대 되고 있지만 현재까지 표준 치료가 확립되지 않은 상황에서 Gem-citabine과Vinorelbine모두 독성이 강하지 않아서 혼합 요법이 가능한 장점이 있고 비소세포 폐암에 대한효과도 입증이 되어있어서 본 연구는 반응이 없거나 반응을 보인후에 재발된 진행된 비소세포 폐암에 ge-mdtabine과 vinorelbine 흔합 요법을 시행하여서 치료 반응률과 생존율 그리고 부작용을 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법 :2000년 6월부터 2004년 3월까지 충남대학교병원에내원하여 진행성 비소세포 폐암 IIIA/IIIB, IV로 진단을 받고 일차 항암화학요법치료를 받은 환자중에 초기 치료에 반응이 없거나, 치료에 반응이 있었으나 병이 진행된 환자로 추적 관찰 기간이 6개월 이상인 환자를 대상으로 생존율과 반응률 그리고 독성을 분석하였다. 결과 : 총 치료 반응률은 17%. 반응 유지기간의 중앙값은 3.1개월(1-10개월)이었고 생존기간의 중앙값은 8.2개월 (1-23개월) 그리고 1년 생존율은 35%였다. 항암화학요법에 의한 독성은 3도 이상의 중성구 감소가 12%, 오심과 구토가 12.5% 였다. 결론 : 일차 치료에 반응이 없거나 재발한 비소세포 폐암환자의 이차 치료로 gemcitabine과 vinorelbine 혼합요법은 효과적이라고 생각되며 향후 3상 연구를 통한다른 약제와의 비교 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.

百進分類法設計

정필모 韓國圖書館學會 1991 圖書館學 Vol.20 No.1

DDC, LCC, and CC can be said as the major schemes for mordern general library classification. Among these, DDC, since its publication in 1876, has been continuously studies and revised by many scholars and practitoners to publish 20th edition in 1989; LCC also has been studied and revised by the specialists in each subject, since 1904; and CC(first edition 1933) is now on the stage of 7th edition(1987). Even though studied, revised and developed by many classificationists, all these schemes maintain the general framework of the beginning, only with the partial revision and expansion to reflect the developments of the subjects. and antioipated tremendous amount of works resulted from reclassification also can be a reason that disturbs the full innovative revision of the scheme, because these are used in many libraries as a basic tools for the classification. But all these schemes mainly based on the state of the discipline at the time of their creation, the beginning of 20th century, and so in some aspect it is natural for them to have many problems. This study aims to investigate the problems in these major schemes, to find some ways to solve the problems, and to suggest the ideas for the basic design of a new modern library classification scheme. This plan is prepared to be applied to the situation of all countries equally without any revision. And in its notation, it uses two digits of Arabic numerals as centesimal, and so it is named provisionally to Plan for Centesimal Classification (PCC)

國際百進分類法硏究(Ⅳ) : Geographical Division ICC의 地域區分表의 展開

정필모 中央大學校 人文科學硏究所 1993 人文學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

圖書館名稱의 變遷에 대하여

정필모 韓國圖書館學會 1971 圖書館學 Vol.2 No.1

Libraries both in the East and the West in terms of its usage went through various changes in meaning. The writer attempted an etymological study on the terms of libraries from the earliest time to the present time. Finding various ways and means ofusage in the literature of past and present, the writer tries to suggest the best fittedterm for libraries to the Korean usage. The suggestion which the writer intended to introduce is Munhun-gwan(文獻館) in the place of Dosu-gwan(圖書館)

國際百進分類法硏究 (02)

정필모 한국문헌정보학회 1994 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.26 No.-

The author have devised the main table of international Centesimal Classification(ICC). This is the second study of ICC. And so, this study intends to devise a new and reasonable form divisions for the ICC. This study analyses the 'standard subdivisions' of DDC and the 'general form divisions' of UDC and LCC, to investigate the problems included among them. And then, it devises the three tables of 'Internal form divisions, External form divisions, and Special form divisions, External form divisions' and Special form divisions' in two digit of Arabic numerals

高麗再雕大藏目錄考

정필모 韓國圖書館學會 1989 圖書館學 Vol.17 No.1

This study intends to examine the background and the procedure of the carving of the tablets of the second edition of Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock(再雕大藏目錄), the time and the route of the moving of the tablets into Haein-sa, and the contents and the system of it. This study is mainly based on the second edition of Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock. But the other closely related materials such as restored first edition of the Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock, Koryo Sin-Jo-Dae-Jang-Byeol-Lock(高麗新雕大藏校正別錄), Kae-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock(開元釋敎錄), Sok-Kae-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock(續開元釋敎錄), Jeong-Won-Sin-Jeong-Seok-Kyo-Lock(貞元新貞釋敎錄), Sok-Jeong-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock(續貞元釋敎錄), Dea-Jung-Sang-Bu-Beob-Bo-Lock(大中祥符法寶錄), and Kyeong-Woo-Sin-Su-Beob-Bo-Lock(景祐薪修法寶錄), are also analysed and closely examined. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The second edition of Tripitaka Koreana(高麗大藏經) was carved for the purpose of defending the country from Mongolia with the power of Buddhism, after the tablets of the first edition in Buin-sa(符仁寺) was destroyed by fire. 2. In 1236, Dae-Jang-Do-Gam(大藏都監) was established, and the preparation for the recarving of the tablets such as comparison between the content, of the first edition of Tripitaka Koreana, Gal-Bo-Chik-Pan-Dae-Jang-Kyeong and Kitan Dae-Jang-Kyeong, transcription of the original copy and the preparation of the wood, etc. was started. 3. In 1237 after the announcement of Dae-Jang-Gyeong-Gak-Pan-Gun-Sin-Gi-Go-Mun(大藏經刻板君臣祈告文), the carving was started on a full scale. And seven years later (1243), Bun-Sa-Dae-Jang-Do-Gam(分司大藏都監) was established in the area of the South to expand and hasten the work. And a large number of the tablets were carved in there. 4. It took 16 years to carve the main text and the supplements of the second edition of Tripitaka Koreana, the main text being carved from 1237 to 1248 and the supplement from 1244 to 1251. 5. It can be supposed that the tablets of the second edition of Tripitaka Koreana, stored in Seon-Won-Sa(禪源寺), Kang-Wha(江華), for about 140 years, was moved to Ji-Cheon-Sa(支天寺), Yong-San(龍山), and to Hae-In-Sa(海仁寺) again, through the west and the south sea and Jang-Gyeong-Po(藏經浦), Go-Ryeong(高靈), in the autumn of the same year. 6. The second edition of Tripitaka Koreana was carved mainly based on the first edition, comparing with Gae-Bo-Chik-Pan-Dae-Jang-Kyeong (開寶勅板大藏經) and Kitan Dae-Jang-Kyeong(契丹大藏經). And the second edition of Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock also compiled mainly based on the first edition with the reference to Kae-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock and Sok-Jeong-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock. 7. Comparing with the first edition of Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock, in the second edition 7 items of volumes of Kitan text such as Weol-Deung-Sam-Mae-Gyeong-Ron(月燈三昧經論) are added and 3 items of 60 volumes such as Dae-Jong-Ji-Hyeon-Mun-Ron(大宗地玄文論) are substituted into others from Cheon chest(天函) to Kaeng chest (更函), and 92 items of 601 volumes such as Beob-Won-Ju-Rim-Jeon(法苑珠林傳) are added after Kaeng chest. And 4 items of 50 volumes such as Yuk-Ja-Sin-Ju-Wang-Kyeong (六字神呪王經) are ommitted in the second edition. 8. Comparing with Kae-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock, Cheon chest to Young chest(英函) of the second edition is compiled according to Ib-Jang-Lock(入藏錄) of Kae-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock. But 15 items of 43 volumes such as Bul-Seol-Ban-Ju-Sam-Mae-Kyeong(佛說般舟三昧經) are added and 7 items of 35 volumes such as Dae-Bang-Deung-Dae-Jib-Il-Jang-Kyeong(大方等大集日藏經) are ommitted. 9. Comparing with Sok-Jeong-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock, 3 items of the 47 volumes (or 49 volumes) are ommitted and 4 items of 96 volumes are added in Caek chest(策函) to Mil chest(蜜函) of the second edition. But the items are arranged in the same order. 10. Comparing with Dae-Jung-Sang-Bo-Beob-Bo-Lock, the arrangement of the second edition is entirely different from it. But 170 items of 329 volumes are also included in Doo chest(杜函) to Kyeong chest(輕函) of the second edition, and 53 items of 125 volumes in Jun chest(遵函) to Jeong chest(精函). And 10 items of 108 volumes in the last part of Dae-Jung-Sang-Bo-Beob-Bo-Lock are ommitted and 3 items of 131 volumes such as Beob-Won-Ju-Rim-Jeon(法苑珠林傳) are added in the second edition. 11. Comparing with Kyeong-Woo-Sin-Su-Beob-Bo-Lock, all of the items (21 items of 161 volumes) are included in the second edition without any classificatory system. And 22 items of 172 volumes in the Seong-Hyeon-Jib-Jeon(聖賢集傳) part such as Myo-Gak-Bi-Cheon(妙覺秘傳) are ommitted. 12. The last part of the second edition, Joo chest(奏函) to Dong chest(洞函), includes 14 items of 237 volumes. But these items cannot be found in any other former Buddhist catalog. So it might be supposed as the Kitan texts. 13. Besides including almost all items in Kae-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock and all items in Sok-Jeong-Won-Seok-Kyo-Lock, Dae-Jung-Sang-Bo-Beob-Bo-Lock, and Kyeong-Woo-Sin-Su-Beob-Bo-Lock, the second edition of Dae-Jang-Mock-Lock includes more items, at least 20 items of about 300 volumes of Kitan Tripitaka and 15 items of 43 volumes of traditional Korean Tripitaka that cannot be found any others. Therefore, Tripitaka Koreana can be said as a comprehensive Tripitaka covering all items of Tripitakas translated in Chinese character

「新編諸宗敎藏總錄」考

鄭?謨 中央大學校 人文科學硏究所 1986 人文學硏究 Vol.12-13 No.-

진행성 비소세포폐암의 이차항암화학요법으로서 Docetaxel 단독요법의 성적

강현모,이정은,장필순,이연선,권선중,안진영,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 암공동연구소 2006 암공동연구소 업적집 Vol.5 No.

Background : The survival benefit associated with first-line chemotherapy in lung cancer has led to the need for second -line chemotherapy, for which Docetaxel (Taxotere^(?)) has proven efficacy in both settings. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of docetaxel in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had failed first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods : Thirty one patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, who had failed first line platinum-based chemotherapy, between March 1999 and August 2003, were enrolled in this study. Patients received intravenous docetaxel, either 75 mg/㎡ or 100 mg/㎡, with routine premedication every three weeks. Results : Fourteen patients (45.2%) had a partial response. The median survival and progression- free survival times were 12.5 months (95% CI 7.3-17.6) and 3.0 months (95% CI 1.6-4.5), respectively. This study showed 2 factors gave different survival benefits; the age (< 60 years: 20.1 months vs. > 60 years: 6.6 months, p=0.0105) and the histological type (adenocarcinoma: 25.6 months vs. others: 7.9 months, p=0.0055). The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred as WHO grade 3 or 4 in 38.7 % of patients. One treatment related death was also reported. Non-hematological toxicity was minor and easily controlled. There were no significant statistical differences in the survival benefit and toxicity between the two doses. Conclusion : Docetaxel, as second-line monotherapy, was well tolerated and effective in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who failed first line platinum -based chemotherapy. (Tuberc Respir DiS 2005: 58: 465-472) 연구배경 : 일차항암화학요법 후에 생존의 이득을 얻었음에도 불구하고 비소세포폐암 환자들의 대다수가 결국은 재발하거나 진행성 병변을 보인다. 이에 저자들은 기존의 여러 연구에서 보고 된 구제요법으로서 docetaxel의 항암효과와 비교적 적은 독성의 결과를 바탕으로,platinum을 근거로 한 항암화학요법을 시행 밖았으나 개발되거나 진행된 비소세포폐암 환자들을 대상으로 docetaxel 단독요법의 치료효과와 부작용에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 조직학적으로 비소세포폐암으로 진단을 받고 platinum을 근거로 한 항암화학요법을 받았으나 재발 또는 진행성 병변을 보인 31명의 환자들을 대상으로 docetaxel 75 mg/m² 또는 100 mg/m²을 3주마다 정주하였다. 임상기록을 통한 후향적인 방법으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 재발 또는 진행성 병변을 보인 31명중 남녀 비는 24:7이고 중앙연령은 60세였다. 2) 반응평가로 완전 관해는 없었고 부분관해는 14명(45.2%), 불변이 10명(32.3%), 진행이 7명(22.6%)으로 전체적인 반응율은 45.2%이었다. 3)중앙생존기간은 12.5개월(95% 신뢰구간: 7.3개월 17.6개월) 이었고, 1년 생존율은 52%였다. 무진행생존기간의 중앙값은 3.0개월(95%신뢰구간: 1.6개월 -4.5개월)이며, 반응군에서의 중앙반응지속피간은 3.7개월(95% 신뢰구간: 3.0개월 - 4.4개월)이었다. 4) 60세 미만인 경우(20.1 months vs 6.6 months. p=0,0105), 조직학적 아형이 선암일 경우(25.6 months vs 7.9 months, 0=0.0055) 통계적으로 유의한 생존기간의 증가가 있었다. 5) 부작용으로 3도 이상의 백혈구 감소증은 12명(38.7%),호중구 감소증에 동반된 발열은 6명(19.3%),감염이 동반된 호중구 감소증은 4명(12.9%)에서 발생했다. 치료와 관련되어 1명이 사망하였다. 6) Docetaxel 용량에 따른 생존기간의 차이나 독성의 차이는 없었다. 결론 : Platinum을 근거로 하는 항암화학요법으로 치료받은 후 재발 또는 진행성 병변을 보이는 비소세포폐암환자들에게 docetaxel을 투여하는 것은 비교적 안전하고 효과적인 항암치료법으로 사료된다.

비소세포 폐암 환자의 이차 치료로서 Gemcitabine과 Vinorelbine 혼합 요법의 효과

장필순,강현모,이정은,권선중,안진영,이연선,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 암연구소 2006 암연구소 업적집 Vol.5 No.-

Background : Both gemcitabine and vinorelbine are effective anticancer drugs with mild toxicity on non-small cell lung cancer, and monotherapy of these drugs are effective as a second-line chemotherapy. The aim of this trial was to assess the response and toxicity of a combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients of previously treated for non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods : 24 patients, initial stage III A/B,IV and previously treated with platinium and taxane based regimens, were enrolled from June 2000 to March 2004. The regimens consisted of vinorelbine 25mg/㎡ followed by an infusion of gemcitabine 1000mg/㎡ on day 1 and day 8 every three weeks. This course was repeated more than twice. Results : Twenty-four patients were analyzed for the response, survival rate, and toxicities. The overall response was 17% with a complete remission rate of 4%. The median time-to progression (TTP) was 3.1 months (95%, CI l-10months), and the survival time was 8.2 months (95%, CI 1-23 months). The grade 3/4 toxicities encountered were neutropenia (12.5%), anemia (0%), thrombocytopenia (0%). Non-hematological 3/4 toxicities were not observed. Conclusion : A combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients previously treated for non-small cell lung cancer provides a relatively good response rate, and a low toxicity profile. However, further study will be needed to confirm its effectiveness. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2005; 58: 344-351)