Development of State-Based Squeak and an Examination of Its Effect on Robot Programming Education

( Hiroyuki Aoki ),( Jamee Kim ),( Yukio Idosaka ),( Toshiyuki Kamada ),( Susumu Kanemune ),( Wongyu Lee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.11

Robot programming often sparks students` interest in programming, but it is not easy for them to program both procedure and reactivity of robot movements that are essential requirements. In this study, we reviewed in detail a new programming language, State-Based Squeak. It allows novice students to implement both procedure and reactivity of robots easily. The effect of this new language on robot programming education was also examined using a group of 28 middle school students. According to the results of analyzing the students` understanding of programming, reading and programming abilities the group that used State-Based Squeak (the experimental group) showed a higher completion ratio than the other (control) group. The significance of this study is that a robot programming language has been developed that addresses the concepts of both procedure and reactivity in such a way that middle school students can more easily learn how to program robots, something that is often difficult to attempt even for professional programmers.

Conformational analysis of single polymer chain in thin films by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy

Hiroyuki AOKI 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

The New Phase of Activity Recording for Learning Analysis in the Era of Digital Textbooks and Digital Communication

( Hiroyuki Aoki ) 한국교육공학회 2016 한국교육공학회 학술대회발표자료집 Vol.2016 No.1

Digital-based learning has been penetrated into public by the rise of digital textbooks and educational applications of social networking services (SNS). Evolution of information and communication technologies will introduce changes in learning analysis regarding what and how. Digital spaces enhanced student``s learning activity through virtual reality and online collaborations, besides high performance of technologies enabled to capture all activities there and to derive totally new kind of knowledge about teachers and students form enormous amount of data (i.e. Big Data). These evolutions in learning analysis require new types of recording learning activity. This study discusses its possibilities and requirements related to the current trend of graphical and Web technologies. With a digital textbook, learning activity can be played on the surface on it with actions like page viewing, marking, annotating, answering question and operating simulation content. Each digital textbook belongs to an individual student and designed to store student``s study history. Using the same kind of digital textbook distributed widely allows collecting consistent activities as Big Data. But students`` activities are various and without rigid representation with compatibility and portability, many activities cannot be handled consistently. For this requirement, a graphical standard, Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is a promising technology. It is adopted in the latest Web standard HTML5, and also adopted in digital publishing format EPUB3. These kinds of standards are designed for the durability of several decades and there are many tools and its large knowledgebase make producing its applications easy. The SVG has high functionality, and it can be used for expression of motion and it can be programmed and can be formed interactive contents. SNS is taking the role of the platform for web services and becomes to provide cooperativeness with the other web services. With web standard like RSS/Atom feeding or Application Program Interface (API) provided by Facebook, Twitter, etc., you can collect online mutual activities in student communities with popular web services instead of specialproduced communication logger program like spyware. Also, this detailed activity record reproduces the student``s learning activity, and it expands new possibility for a learner to utilize one``s own learning history. For the most general learning history data such as test scores, there are standards like the Caliper already, but for recording new kinds of learning activity, there are several viewpoints to be examined for effective data interoperability. This research explains examinations of current technologies for those viewpoints and considers their possibilities and problems.

A Comparison of Subcontracting Work between Japanese Electrical Machinery and Steel Industries

Hiroyuki Aoki(히로유키 아오키) 한국고용노사관계학회 2019 産業關係硏究 Vol.29 No.1

일본에서는 1990년대부터 새로운 형태의 사내하청이 전기와 자동차부품 제조분야에서 확대되고 있다. 이들 하청업체는 스스로의 공장과 설비를 보유하지 않은 채, 원청 기업의 생산라인에 인력을 공급하는 것을 주된 사업으로 하고 있다. 여기서 일하는 노동자의 경우는 저임금, 미숙련, 단기근속 등 주변노동자의 특징을 보인다. 또한, 원청회사는 다수의 하청업체를 사용하고 하청업체는 불특정 다수의 고객으로부터 수주받는 등 상호관계성이 희박한 기업 간 관계가 관찰된다. 이들 요소는 상호 간에 보완적인 것으로 생각된다. 한편 철강업의 하청업체도 초기 단계에서는 이러한 특징을 가지고 있었다. 그러나 오늘날에 이르는 과정에서 하청업체는 그 규모와 업무 범위를 확대시키는 동시에 노동자의 고용조건을 개선해 왔다. 실제 1960년대 중반 이후 원청회사의 본공 노동자 인원합리화와 사업규모 확대 등을 계기로 고로(高炉) 회사의 하청업체 육성 및 관리가 본격화했다. 이 육성 및 관리에 있어서 경영진과 영업책임자뿐만 아니라 현장 레벨의 조직 또한 깊이 관여하는 특징이 관찰된다. 철강 하청업의 전후사를 이해함의 경우 경영 측의 시책과 더불어 노동조합의 역할에도 주목할 필요가 있다. 1960년대부터 철강노련의 지도하에 하청노조의 춘투공동투쟁이 시작되었고, 1970년대에는 그 체제가 보다 정비되었다. 하청노조의 춘투공동투쟁은 임금의 베이스업과 함께 그 수준을 평준화하는 작용을 했다. 이 임금투쟁 과정에서 철강노련이라는 산업별노조가 수행한 역할은 컸다. 이상, 전후의 철강 하청업의 역사에 있어서는 희박한 기업 간 관계, 저임금, 미숙련, 단기근속과 같은 악순환을 극복하는 힘이 노사 쌍방으로부터 작용했다고 볼 수 있다. 현재의 제조 하청에 있어서는 이런 힘이 약하다고 하지 않을 수 없다. 여기서는 불특정 다수를 고객으로 하는 비즈니스 모델이 채택되고 있으며, 노동조합의 조직화도 미약하다. 따라서 짧은 기간 안에 철강의 하청업과 같은 모습이 재현되리라고는 기대하기 힘들다.그러나 일부에서는 철강업에서 보인 바와 같이 현장조직에 의한 하청업체 종업원의 육성이 이루어지고 있다. 또한, 거래비용을 절감하기 위해 하청업체의 선별·집중화도 진행되고 있다. 이러한 움직임에 유의해 향후 하청업체의 노사가 원청회사와의 관계를 심화시키고, 또한 노동조건을 개선시킬 수 있을지 주목할 필요가 있다. New type of on-site subcontractors has been expanding in Japan’s electrical machinery industries since the 1990s. This Subcontract workers are characterized by low grade work with low wages, no training, and short periods of employment. In addition, we saw that a tenuous relationship exists between the client companies and the subcontract firm. We regard these factors as mutually complementary. On the other hand, the subcontractors of steel industry also bore the above mentioned characteristics in early days. However, the subcontractors have continued to grow in the scale and level of their work, and working conditions have also improved. Since the mid-1960s, the client companies have started to provide subcontractors with training and manage them strongly; this was triggered by the rationalization of their own staff and expansions in business scale. That training and management are characterized by being involved not only in top management and buyer, but also in shop floor-level organization. To understand the postwar history of steel subcontractor, we must pay attention to the role of labor unions. The subcontractor unions’ Spring Labor Offensive began under the auspices of an industrial labor union(JISU) in the 1960s, and the current system was put in place in the 1970s. The subcontractor unions’ Spring Labor Offensive raised the wage base and concurrently had a leveling effect. JISU played a significant role in such wage campaigns. In the subcontractor history of the postwar steel industry, both labor and management have worked to improve negative cycle such as poor intercompany relations, low wages, unskilled workers, and short-term employment. When we view today’s manufacturing subcontractors in the light of this history, we cannot find the strong power to push up the spiral. We regard that it will not become like that of subcontractors in the steel industry in the near future, given that it employs a business model in which there are an unspecified number of clients and the organization of labor unions is not progressing. Still, in some quarters of electrical machinery, client companies have started reducing the number of subcontract firm, and shop floor organization of client companies have started providing subcontract workers with training like steel companies. We should pay attention to whether the managements and unions of subcontract firms will cultivate better relations with client companies and improve work conditions on this occasion.

스케치 기반 로봇 시뮬레이션 도구 개발

아오키히로유키 ( Hiroyuki Aoki ),심재권 ( Jae Kwoun Shim ),김자미 ( Ja Mee Kim ),이원규 ( Won Gyu Lee ) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2012 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.2

로봇 프로그래밍은 학습자에게 흥미를 부여할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 그러나 오류가 발생했을 때, 로봇의 하드웨어의 문제인지, 프로그램의 논리적 문제인지를 발견하기 쉽지 않다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 학습자가 로봇 프로그래밍에서 조립의 문제를 제외하여 프로그램의 문제해결에 집중할 수 있도록 지원하는 시뮬레이션 도구를 개발하고자 하였다. 또한 학습자의 수준을 고려하여 스케치한 로봇의 작동모습을 로봇에 직접 다운로드 하기 이전에 결과를 확인할 수 있도록 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 초보학습자가 자신의 아이디어를 스케치하여 표현하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 결과를 확인할 수 있도록 하였다. 뿐만 아니라 프로그램을 조립된 로봇에 다운로드하여 실제 수행할 수 있는 Etoys기반 로봇 프로그래밍 도구를 개발하였다. 자동문과 같이 학습자가 일상에서 접하기 쉬운 환경에서 정보과학 원리가 어떻게 활용되고 있는지 스케치 기반 시뮬레이션을 통해 로봇으로 확인할 수 있는 도구라는 점에서 의미가 있다. It is the advantage of robot programming to improve the learners` interest. However, the drawback is existed in the fact that it is not easy to determine whether the problem lies in the hardware factor or programmed logic when an error takes place. This study is an attempt to develop a simulation tool which assists learners to concentrate on the problems not relating to robot assembling but to robot program. It aims to enable beginners make a sketch of their ideas and examine their logic through simulation. Therefore, an Etoys-based robot programming tool is developed to allows user to download and execute the simulated program into an assembled robot. The significance of this study is that easy activity of sketch-based simulation can support learners to understand how the principles of computer science are applied in daily life such as an automatic door system.

夏目漱石の用字法 -「イイ,ヨイ」を中心に-

靑木浩之 ( Aoki Hiroyuki ) 한국일본근대학회 2016 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.54

本稿では夏目漱石の主要作品17篇を取り上げ「イイ·ヨイ」を中心に用字法を考察した。漱石は「イイ·ヨイ」をひらがなと9つの漢字を使って表しているが、雜誌揭載か新聞揭載なのか、また小說か隨筆なのかによって、「イイ·ヨイ」の表記に違いが見える。その違いは次の通りである。 (1)雜誌揭載作品5篇は、『吾輩は猫である』の前半(6話まで)を除いて、ひらがなの使用が壓倒的に多い。漢字の使用は「好」と「善」が主流である。 (2) 新聞揭載作品12篇の中で、最初に書かれた2作『虞美人草』と『坑夫』は、ひらがなの使用において、また新聞揭載作品を特徵づける「可」と「能」の使用、特に「能」において、雜誌揭載作品と新聞揭載作品の中間的性格を帶びている。 (3) 新聞に揭載された『三四郎』以降の8つの小說では、ひらがなの使用が雜誌揭載作品よりかなり少なくなっている。漢字の使用では、「イイ」における「可」では作品ごとに使われ方に起伏が見られるが、「ヨイ」での「能」では通常多用される「好」よりも多く使われた作品も見られるほど高い比重の使用が特徵的である。 (4) 新聞に揭載された2つの隨筆は、ひらがなと漢字の使用の局面において(1)から(3)の作品群と似樣相を示しており、今回檢討した15の小說の傾向を全て部分的に有するものと言える。 I took up major 17 works of Soseki Natsume in this report and considered rules for using Kanjis and Hiragana letters centering on "II or YOI(good)." Soseki represented "II or YOI" using Hiragana letters and nine Kanjis. Differences are seen for the notation of "II or YOI" whether it is a magazine publication or a newspaper publication, and whether it is a novel or an essay. The differences are as follows. (1) 5 magazine publication works were written mostly by using Hiragana letters except for the first half of(to six episodes) "I am a CAT." As for the use of Kanjis, "好 favorite" and "善 good" were mainly used. (2) First two works "Gubijinso(The Poppy)" and "The Miner" among 12 works which were written in newspaper publication positioned between the magazine publication works and the newspaper publication works in the use of Hiragana letters, and also in the use of "可 passable" and "能 capable" which are typical of the newspaper publication works. Especially in the latter one. (3) In 8 novels after "Sanshiro" placed in the newspaper, the use of Hiragana letters is much fewer than that of the magazine publication works. As for Kanjis "可" represented for "II" are used differently in each work, and "能" represented for "YOI" are used so much that the "能" of some works are used more than "好" which are usually most common in Soseki`s works. (4) Two essays placed in the newspaper show characteristics similar to the works mentioned from (1) to (3) partially in the use of Hiragana letters and Kanjis. It may be said that they have partially all the characteristics of 15 novels which I examined in this report.

ユーザㆍインタフェースとしての音のデザイン

?木弘行(Aoki Hiroyuki),久保光?(Kubo Mitsunori),寺?文雄(Terauchi Fumio),後藤忠俊(Goto Tadatoshi),鈴木邁(Suzuki Tsutomu) 한국디자인학회 1997 디자인학연구 Vol.- No.22

夏目漱石の形容詞の表記の異同 -「いい·よい」を中心に-

青木浩之 ( Aoki Hiroyuki ) 한국일본근대학회 2017 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.58

漱石の主要17作品について岩波書店1993年版『漱石全集』の校異表に基づき、形容詞の表記の異同を「いい·よい」を中心に見てきた。漢字、反名、そして漢字と反名の三種類に大別して考察した結果は次の通りである。 漢字の項では、同一語を異なる漢字で表記している場合と漢字表記の字順が轉倒している場合を考察した。反名の項では、まず送り反名について考察し、明治時代の送り反名の一般的な傾向と同樣に漱石は讀みやすくする目的で反名を多く送る例が多かったことを示した。また、ルビの變更、原稿ルビの誤表記、その他の反名遣いの變更等にも言及した。大體において「全集」が文法的にも慣用的にも正しい表記となっていることが認められた。漢字と反名の項では、平反名から「好い」「能く」への變更に言及して漱石の用字の特徵を考察した。 岩波書店1993年版『漱石全集』には、初出の新聞·雜誌、初版單行本と、また漱石の原稿とも多くの異同が見られた。このような異同は、漱石自身の表記に關する規範意識の薄さや誤記に起因している所もあるが、各テキストの段階で本文を確定する際の編集方針や、印刷過程の誤植等によって生じる異同もあり、信賴する本文、底本の確定の難しさを垣間見る事ができる。作品硏究は何らかのテキストに準據して行うのだが、テキストの選定がいかに重要であるかが改めて認識される。 Based on the list of spelling differences in Iwanami Shoten 1993 edition “Soseki Complete Works”, I have examined 17 major works of Soseki to check the differences about the spelling of adjective, centering on “II or YOI (good).” The subject of examination is Kanjis, Kana letters, and both Kanjis and Kana letters. In Kanji section I examineed the case where the same words are written with different kanjis and the one where the order of kanji is overturned. In Kana section ! first examined Okurigana letters, and showed that Soseki had been more likely to use longer Okurigana letters for the convenience of reading, just as the general tendency of using Okurugana letters in the Meiji era. I also mentioned the changes of Furigana letters, Furigana letters written wrong in Soseki’s manuscripts, and other changes of Kana usages. In Kanji and Kana section I examined the characteritics of Soseki’s using Kanji and Kana letters, seeing the changes from Hiragana letters to “好い” or “能く”. In Iwanami Shoten 1993 edition “Soseki Complete Works” many differences of the spelling were found, comparing to the first serial newspaper or magazine, the first edition of book, and manuscripts of Soseki. These resulted from writing atitude of Soseki not so much careful about spelling, and from his wrong spelling. Other reasons are editorial policies of deciding Soseki’s original text at each publication, and mistakes in the printing. We realize the difficuties of deciding reliable original texts or source books of Soseki through this report.

Should indications for laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) exclude patients with sciatica?

Hiroyuki Kanao,Yoichi Aoki,Atsushi Fusegi,Nobuhiro Takeshima 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.5

Objective: Previously, indications for laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) haveexcluded patients with sciatica because R0 resection has not been deemed possible [1]. Because laparoscopy optimizes visualization and thus provides for meticulous dissection, wehypothesized that R0 resection can be achieved by means of laparoscopic LEER in patientswith sciatica. This video article aimed to clarify the technical feasibility of laparoscopic LEERperformed for laterally recurrent previously irradiated cervical cancer with concomitant sciatica. Methods: We investigated technical feasibility of laparoscopic LEER performed as a salvagetherapy following abdominal radical hysterectomy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy ina patient suffering laterally recurrent cervical carcinoma with concomitant sciatica. Therecurrent tumor involved the right external and internal iliac artery and vein, ileocecum,rectosigmoid colon, right ureter, right obturator nerve, and right sciatic nerve, with aresulting fistula between the tumor and the rectosigmoid colon, and severe sciatica. Resection of all these structures was essential for achievement of R0 status, and suchresection means concomitant femoral bypass with prosthetic graft interposition andgastrointestinal/urinary tract resection. Results: Laparoscopic LEER with femoral-femoral artery bypass could be conductedwithout any postoperative complications. Pathological R0 resection could be achieved, andlocal recurrence could have been controlled. However, the patient died from liver and lungmetastasis at 1 year after this resection surgery. Conclusion: Laparoscopic LEER for a laterally recurrent previously irradiated cervical cancerwith concomitant sciatica was technically feasible, however, further study involving a greaternumber of patients and longer follow-up period is warranted to determine the stringentindications.

Unexpected result of minimally invasive surgery for cervical cancer

Hiroyuki Kanao,Yoichi Aoki,Nobuhiro Takeshima 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.4

.