폴리(스타이렌-b-아이소부틸렌-b-스타이렌) 삼블록 공중합체 아이오노머의 기계적인 성질

나연화,김희석,김준섭,유지강,박기주,이영관 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1998 生産技術硏究 Vol.20 No.2

The dynamic mechanical properties of poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) and its sulfonated ionomers were investigated. The triblock copolymer showed a tan δ peak at ca. -25℃, which is ascribed to the T_(g) of polyisobutylene blocks. The copolymer also showed a shoulder on a tan δ curve at ca. 50℃, which is probably associated with crystallization and/or melting of the crystalline polyisobutylene blocks. Above 100℃, the copolymer started to flow. In the cases of ionomers, well developed rubbery plateaus, extended to ca. 150-160℃, were seen in modulus-temperature plots. A tan δ peak for the T_(g) of the polyisobutylene blocks and a shoulder peak were also observed for the tetramethylammonia neutralized sulfonated ionomer. However, the shoulder peak became smaller and shifted to low temperatures, which implies that the ionic interactions in this system reduces the ability of crystallization or/and melting of the polyisobutylene blocks. For the K neutralized ionomer sample, only a tanδ peak for the T_(g) of the isobutylene blocks was seen. This different result in these two ionomers is believed to be due to the difference in the strength of ionic interactions.

스타이렌 아이오노머의 기계적인 성질에 미치는 혼합 양이온의 영향

김희석,나연화,이용혁,이법원,유지강,박기주,김준섭 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1998 生産技術硏究 Vol.20 No.1

The styrene-co-methacrylate ionomers neutralized with Na +, Ba2 +, and mixed cation of both were prepared. The dynamic mechanical properties of two cation-containing ionomers were measured and compared to those of the ionomers neutralized with only one type of cations. We found that in the ionomers with one type of cations the difference in the type of cation does not change the glass transition temperatures. It was found, however, that the cluster Tg of the mixed cation ionomer is lower than that of the single cation ionomers. Thus it was postulated that in the two-cation system the two cations in a solution have sufficient dynamics to form new type of multiplet containing both cations, which may be slightly bigger than that found in the single cation multiplet. The mechanical properties also imply that the strength of ion interactions in the multiplets of the two cation ionomer is thought to be weaker than that of the one cation ionomers. These two effects are believed to contribute the lower in the cluster glass transition of mixed cation system.

에틸 아크릴레이트 아이오노머의 성질에 미치는 양이온 크기의 영향

조규성,나연화,김희석,김준섭,박기주 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1999 生産技術硏究 Vol.21 No.1

The effects of the size of cations on the properties of polyfethyl acrylate-co-metal acrylate) ionomers containing 3.8 mol% of ionic moiety were investigated. It was found that with changing cations, matrix T_(g)s seem to remain constant; however, cluster T_(g)s increase with decreasing the size of cations. Since ion-hopping occurs at a cluster T_(g) and the electrostatic force of ion pairs decreases with the size of ions increasing, it was suggested that the effect of the size of cation on a cluster T_(g) is operative, but not on a matrix T_(g). It was also found that activation energies for a cluster T_(g) were decreased with decreasing the size of cations; which means that the activation energy values for a cluster T_(g) are not directly related to the cluster T_(g)s. In the present study, the highest value of a cluster T_(g) for the Li ionomer may be one of the reasons why the Li ionomer has the lowest value for an activation energy.

Heterologous Expression System of Natural Product Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Using Streptomyces Artificial Chromosome Vector

Hee-Ju NAH,Hye-rim PYEON,Ji-Hoon PARK,Si-Sun CHOI,Eung-Soo KIM 한국생물공학회 2017 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.10

Effect of Spinally Administered Ginseng Total Saponin on Capsaicin-Induced Pain and Excitatory Amino Acids-Induced Nociceptive Responses

Nah Jin-Ju,Choi Seok,Kim Yoon-Hee,Kim Seok-Chang,Nam Ki-Yeul,Kim Jong-Keun,Nah Seung-Yeol The Korean Society of Ginseng 1999 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.23 No.1

진세노사이드(ginseng total saponin)는 인삼의 주요 약리학적 성분이다. 본 연구는 척수강내로 투여된 진세노사이드가 캡사이신에 의하여 유도된 통증을 억제하는가를 연구하였다. 진세노사이드의 척수강내 전투여는 캡사이신에 의하여 유도되는 통증을 투여 용량에 의존적으로 억제하였다. 통증 억제 효과를 나타내는 $ED_{50}$은 43 ${mu}g/mouse$ 이었다. 흥분성 아미노산들도 척수 수준에서 통증전달에 포함되기 때문에 본 연구에서는 또한 진세노사이드가 흥분성 아미노산에 의하여 유도되는 아픈 행동(nociceptive behaviors)을 억제하는 가를 연구하였다. 진세노사이드와 NMDA를 같이 투여할 경우 NMDA를 단독 투여할 때 나타나는 아픈 행동을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 진세노사이드가 NMDA에 의하여 나타나는 아픈 행동을 억제하는 $ED_{50}$은 37 ${mu}g/mouse$ 이었다. 그러나 진세노사이드는 kainate투여에 의하여 나타나는 아픈 행동을 억제하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과들은 진세노사이드에 의한 항통증 효능중의 하나는 척수 수준에서 통증 전달 물질에 의하여 유도되는 통증 전달 정보의 선택적 억제에 의하여 이루어진다는 것을 보여준다. Ginseng total saponins (ginsenosides) are biologically active main ingredients of Panax ginseng. In present study, we have investigated whether pretreatment of ginsenosides inhibited capsaicin-induced pain at the spinal level, in the view that capsaicin causes substance P (SP) release from primary afferents. Ginsenosides relieved capsaicin-induced pain in a dose-dependent manner. The $ED_{50}$ of the effect was 43 (20-93, $95\%$ C.I.) ${\mu}g/mouse$. We investigated excitatory amino acids-induced nociceptive responses in mice, because these agents are also involved in nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. Coadministration of ginsenosides with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or kainate via i.t. inhibited NMDA- but not kainate-induced pain behaviors. The $ED_{50}$ for the inhibition of NMDA-induced pain by ginsenosides was 37 (21-66, $95\%$ C.I.) ${\mu}g/mouse$. These results suggest that the ginsenosides-induced antinociception results from blocking of pain transmitter-induced nociceptive information at the spinal level.

Effect of Spinally Administered Ginseng Total Saponin on Capsaicin-Induced Pain and Excitatory Amino Acids-Induced Nociceptive Responses )

Jin Ju Nah,Seok Choi,Yoon Hee Kim,Seok Chang Kim,Ki Yeul Nam,Jong Keun Kim,Seung Yeol Nah 고려인삼학회 1999 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.23 No.1

Charaterization of Ginsenosides - induced Antinociception in Mice

(Jin Ju Nah),(Seok Choi),(Yoon Hee Kim),(Ki Yeul Nam),(Seung Yeol Nah) 고려인삼학회 1998 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the Vol.- No.-

Characterization of Ginsenosides-induced Antinociception in Mice

Jin Ju Nah,Se Ok Choi,Yoon Hee Kim,Ki Yeul Nam,Seung Yeol Nah 고려인삼학회 1998 International Symposium on Ginseng Vol.- No.-

Sil-Select와 Percoll이 정충의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

김성훈(Sung Hoon Kim),김정훈(Chung Hoon Kim),박은주(Eun Ju Park),홍석호(Seok Ho Hong),나희영(Hee Young Nah),김정희(Jung Hee Kim),음현진(Hyun Jin Em),김숙희(Sook Hee Kim),채희동(Hee Dong Chae),강병문(Byung Moon Kang),허주령(Joo Ryung 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.7

목적 : 일반적으로 정자의 회수시 사용되는 Percoll과 silane-표면처리된 아교 규소 입자로 이루어진 Sil-Select의 효과를 평가해 보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 연구방법 : 세계보건기구(WHO)의 기준에 의거하여 정상적인 정액 소견을 보이는 환자 22명의 정액을 채취하고 채취한 정액을 이등분하여 각각 Percoll과 Sil-Select를 이용하여 정자를 회수하였다. 정자의 처리가 끝난 후 양 군의 정자의 농도, 활동성, 정밀기준(strict criteria)에 의거한 형태학적 특성을 평가하였고 모든 정액 표본은 주사전자현미경하에서의 형태학적 비교를 위하여 고정된 후 염색되었다. 결과 : 광학현미경 관찰 상 Sil-Select 군과 Percoll 군 사이에 정자 농도, 활동성 정충의 비율, 정밀기준에 의거한 정상 형태의 정충 비율은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 주사현미경 관찰 상 첨체의 형태와 위치가 정상인 정충의 비율, 미토콘드리아의 정상 나선형 구조를 가진 정충의 비율은 Percoll 군에 비해 Sil-Select 군에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). 결론 : 본 연구 결과 정자 처리 과정에서 Sil-Select는 Percoll에 비해 정충의 첨체와 미토콘드리아에 해가 적은 것으로 여겨진다. Objective : We performed this study to evaluate the effects of Sil-Select and Percoll in sperm preparation. Methods : Semen samples of 22 patients with normal sperm parameters by WHO criteria were divided into two equal parts and prepared with Percoll and Sil-Select. After completion of semen preparation procedures with Percoll and Sil-Select, sperm concentration, motility and morphology using strict criteria were evaluated in each group and all semen samples were fixed and stained for transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Results : There were no significant diffrences in sperm concentration, percentage of motile spermatozoa and percentage of normal spermatozoa in morphology evaluation using strict criteria under light microscopy between Percoll and Sil-Select-treated groups. However, the percentage of normal shape and position of acrosome, and normal helix assembly of mitochondria under TEM were significantly higher in the Sil-Select-treated group compared to Percoll-treated group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Conclusion : These data demonstrate that Sil-Select is less detrimental to the acrosome and mitochondria of spermatozoa in sperm preparation compared to Percoll.

십대 여성의 외모중심 인식을 추동하는 일상과 성형의료산업

나윤경(Nah Yoonkyeong),태희원(Tae Heewon),노주희(Roh Ju-hee),장인자(Jang Inja),이지은(Lee Jieun) 한국여성학회 2009 한국여성학 Vol.25 No.4

한국사회에 만연한 외모중심주의가 십대 여성들의 자아존중감 훼손을 야기할 수 있다고 보고하는 선행 연구들은 십대들이 외모중심주의를 극복할 수 있는 ‘힘 기르기’ 교육이 시급함을 시사한다. 하지만 최근 이루어지고 있는 외모중심주의 인식 개선 교육프로그램들은 그 전제나 내용이 ‘자기 몸 사랑하기’나 ‘몸에 대한 인식전환’ 등 자아의 문제에 머물러 있어 십대들에게 외모중심적인 인식을 조장하고 강요하는 일상적 문화와 성형의료산업 등 외부조건에 대한 비판을 결여하고 있다. 이러한 문제의식을 기초로 본 연구는 십대들로 하여금 외모중심적 인식을 ‘삐딱하게' 보도록 돕기 위한 교육적 개입은 첫째, 십대들에게 성형에 대한 욕망을 추동하고 외모의 중요성을 끊임없이 환기시키는 또래, 부모, 교사, 대중매체 등을 아우르는 일상문화, 둘째, 미의 기준을 생산하며 그것을 과학과 기술이라는 이름으로 포장하는 남성중심적 성형의료산업 등에 대한 비판을 수반해야 한다고 제안한다. Existing research suggests that there be educational programs for teenagers who are vulnerable to so-called ‘look-ism' that pervades Korean society. According to studies on ‘look-ism', it has undermined teenagers' self-esteem. In this vein, programs that these studies propose are centered mainly around the modernist ideology that is geared to urging individuals to overcome one's environment, no matter what that is. This is because oneself that is premised in modernism is thought to be equipped with indomitable will and rationality. However, researchers of this article point out that those existing studies and programs based on them still remain around the ‘self' that can be modified with one's will. Researcher on this article, instead, bring the outer environment that promotes ‘look-ism' to teenagers into question. That is, researchers on this study emphasize that teenagers ‘in the process of becoming' should criticize their environment that whispers ‘look-ism' on a daily basis and take a reflective position toward it. The environment that present researchers problematize includes friends, parents, and even school teachers, all of whom foster the significant meanings of appearance to teenagers. So-called ‘beauty industry' that covers up their capitalistic desires with jargons of science and technique and misleads teenage consumers is one of the problematic environment as well. Lastly, internet media that produces, circulates, and reproduces of ‘talks of the bright side' of plastic surgeries should be one of objects that teenagers take a critical stance toward. Educational programs that is intended to facilitate teenagers to become a ‘resistant subjects' is required to focus on the environment surrounding them, not just teenagers' self itself.