공원범죄의 피해방지를 위한 합리적인 방안

박찬걸(Park, Chan-Keol) 한국피해자학회 2012 被害者學硏究 Vol.20 No.2

Before constructing parks, it's necessary to formulate plans in the direction of preventing crimes in advance, and follow-up management must be done after constructing the parks completely. If citizens are reluctant to use the parks because public safety is not guaranteed, the reason for being disappears. If the parks do not protect citizens from crimes, it would rather not exist than do harm to them. Rather, it is good policy. In this respect, the current system must be improved, which has no manual for crime prevention being confined to policy of increasing the number of parks. Through the government's expressing its firm will to secure public safety of parks by enacting clear provisions so that the original good will is not distorted to make resting places for citizens, a recognition that illegal acts which make others anxious are punished necessarily must be instilled into park users while taking a sound rest is protected thoroughly. In addition, the police should do the patrols actively in order to prevent crimes in the parks and try to increase street lamps and security CCTV installation in collaboration with the agencies concerned including gu offices. However, it can be said the most important thing to prevent damage of the crimes in the parks is the very civic consciousness. We should keep it in mind that along with continuous efforts by the police and public organizations, a sense of ownership that 'I am the owner of the park' and mature civic consciousness to ‘care for the park like my house’ will make the parks safe without crimes.

Neuromyositis: A Rare Extramuscular Manifestation of Dermatomyositis

( Chan Keol Park ),( Su-jin Yoo ),( In Seol Yoo ),( Jinhyun Kim ),( Seung Cheol Shim ),( Seong Wook Kang ) 대한류마티스학회 2019 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are representative idiopathic inflammatory myopathies characterized by symmetric and progressive proximal muscle weakness. Especially, DM is identified by characteristic skin lesions and has many extramuscular manifestations including various cardiac abnormalities, interstitial lung disease, and malignancy. However, involvement of peripheral nervous system in DM/PM is very rare and less known. The term “Neuromyositis” was introduced by Senator in 1893 to describe the concomitant involvement of the peripheral nervous system in DM/PM. Since then, a very few cases of neuromyositis have been reported mainly in the United States and Europe. Therefore, the pathogenetic mechanism and disease progression are unclear. In recent years, a few more cases were reported in Asia, specifically, China and Japan; however, none in Korea. Here, we describe a case of DM-associated neuromyositis in a 42-year-old man in Korea and review previous publications through literature research. (J Rheum Dis 2019;26:211-218)

비범죄화의 유형에 관한 연구

박찬걸(Park Chan-keol) 한국법학원 2010 저스티스 Vol.- No.117

국가가 범죄행위를 규정하고 그에 대한 형벌을 부과하는 과정에서 국민으로부터 정당성을 얻지 못하는 경우, 과도한 국가 개입을 입법화하면서도 집행상의 어려움으로 실제로 집행을 못하여 형벌의 효과가 나타나지 못하게 되는 경우 등의 부작용이 발생하면 형사사법체계 및 법체계의 정당성에 위기가 초래될 수 있다. 따라서 사회의 가치관이 변화됨에 따라 더 이상 범죄로 여겨지지 않는 행위는 형법의 영역에서 제외되어야 한다. 이러한 비범죄화는 특히 경미범죄, 풍속범죄 등과 같은 공공질서 범죄와 관련해서 많이 논의된다. 그 이유는 이러한 범죄들은 국가나 사회통제를 위한 공식조직의 관심사항이 아니라 가족이나 지역사회 등과 같은 비공식적 통제조직에 의해서 오히려 효과적으로 통제될 수 있기 때문이다. 만일 국가가 이러한 범죄유형에 대해 개입하게 되면 오히려 상황을 악화시킬 뿐이다. 즉 비범죄화는 사회통제력의 강화가 이루어져야 성공할 수 있다. 간통ㆍ성매매ㆍ도박 등과 같은 사회적 병폐는 단순히 범죄사건으로 취급하기 보다는 현대사회의 부산물로 보아 대응하는 것이 효과적일 수도 있다. 형벌이 범죄억제효과를 갖기 위해서는 범죄에 대한 처벌이 확실하고, 신속하고, 공평하게 행해져야 하기 때문이다. 이러한 의미에서 형법의 효과를 과대평가하는 국가의 법정책에 대한 반성으로 실질적인 일반예방효과의 확보와 보충성의 요청을 강화하기 위한 수단으로 비범죄화 이론이 등장하게 된 것이다. 비범죄화는 국가의 형사사법기관이 모든 범죄에 대하여 일일이 개입하는 것은 형사사법기관에 과부하를 초래하여 보다 심각한 범죄에 대응할 기회와 자원을 소진할 수 있고, 과잉범죄화로 인한 범죄자의 양산으로 전과자에 대한 낙인, 형사사법기관의 부담 증가, 형벌의 범죄예방효과의 약화 등의 부작용을 초래하였다는 주장에 근거하는 것이다. 하지만 비범죄화에 대한 전망은 그리 밝지 않다. 정치와 사회의 전반적인 상황은 더욱 범죄화를 부추기는 방향으로 나아갈 것으로 보이기 때문이다. 마치 형법 ‘최우선’의 원칙을 관철시키려는 듯 ‘더 많은 형법’, ‘더 강한 형법’의 요청으로 오늘날 형법은 역사 이래 최고의 호황기를 맞이하고 있고, 이러한 경향은 더욱더 심해지고 있다. 이는 분명히 잘못된 것이다. 늦었다고 생각되는 지금이 비범죄화를 심도있게 논의해야 할 중요한 순간이다. 현재 형사사법실무에서는 법규의 폐지나 개정을 통한 비범죄화보다는 처리절차의 간소화방향으로 비범죄화가 추구되고 있다. 하지만 비범죄화는 형사사법기관의 업무부담의 감소와 효율성의 입장보다는 바람직한 형벌권의 행사라는 측면에서 추진되어야 하기 때문에 이러한 태도는 바람직하지 못하다. 이 시점에서 우리는 개인의 사적 영역에 대한 국가의 과도한 개입은 바람직하지 않다는 계몽주의 시대의 명제를 다시금 되새겨 보아야 한다. 계몽 시대의 사상을 추종하자는 것이 아니라 근대 초기의 너무 작은 크기의 형법도 아닌, 현대 행정국가에서의 너무 비대해진 크기의 형법도 아닌, 적절한 크기와 내용의 형법이 만들어져야 한다는 의미로 받아들여야 한다. 마지막으로 비범죄화를 논의할 때 가장 절실하게 필요한 점은 일정한 형벌규범의 필요성을 비판적으로 검토할 수 있는 용기이다. 많은 형법규범은 존치의 필요성에 대한 어떤 비판적 성찰도 없이 방치되어 있는 경우도 적지않다. 이것은 해당규범이 제정된 동기 및 존치의 정당성과 상관없이 맹목적ㆍ습관적으로 존속되는 것을 의미한다. 형사정책가들은 개별 형법규범의 존재에 대하여 근본적으로 성찰할 수 있는 노력을 기울여야 한다. There are many immoral conducts which do not harm others, for example, deviate sexual behaviors, drug addition, abortion, gambling etc. Is it possible or justified for a society to punish such conducts, for immorality? The purpose of this study is to show how to get the answer and to provide fundamental catogory for decriminalization in Korea. The decriminalization is the process of removing some form of conduct that had previously been defined and punished as criminal, or reducing the level of penalty by law-making and law-enforcement. These types of decriminalization include delegalization, depenalization, diversion and deinstitutionalization, etc. First of all, To concrete systematical decriminalization is more important than to define decriminalization. This means rationalization of decriminalization. The patterns on the decriminalization are extensively decriminalization on level of legislation and decriminalization on level of execution. First, Decriminalization on level of legislation includes decriminalization by abrogative legislation of punishment, decriminalization by arbitrative legislation of punishment and decriminalization by alternative legislation of punishment. Second, Decriminalization on level of execution includes decriminalization by level of criminal investigation(by police, by prosecutors) and decriminalization by level of criminal judgement.

성매매처벌법상 성매매피해자 규정에 대한 검토

박찬걸(Park, Chan-Keol) 한국피해자학회 2012 被害者學硏究 Vol.20 No.1

The term 'victim of sexual traffic' means persons falling under any of the following items; (1) A person compelled to engage in sexual traffic by means of a deceptive scheme or by force, or by other means equivalent thereto, (2) A person who has engaged in sexual traffic, while addicted to narcotics, psychotropic drugs or cannabis referred to in Article 2 of the Act on the Control of Narcotics, etc. by person protecting or grading him/her due to business relationships, employment relationships and other relationships, (3) A juvenile, person having no or weak ability to discern things or make decisions, or a person with serious disabilities determined by Presidential Decree who are solicited or enticed to engage in sexual traffic, (4) A person who has been trafficked aimed at sexual traffic. This study explores the victim of sexual traffic related articles in the act on the punishment of acts of arranging sexual traffic, etc., which had been newly defined in the in the Sex-trading Punishment Law different from the similar articles in the previous Prostitution Prevention Law. Then the interpretation and legislation issues of victim of sexual traffic related articles are extracted and relevant improvement suggestions will be given. For this, first, the introduction background of victim of sexual traffic articles and the meanings implicated by such articles are analyzed based on the related official statistics. Next, the four types of victim of sexual traffic concepts defined in Article 2-1-4 of Sex-trading Punishment Law are analyzed in sequence. At the same time, issues in legal system are drawn and improvement suggestions are given. As last, the special articles acknowledged to the victim of sexual traffic such as the prohibition of criminal punishment, the protection measures and the treatment as a case to protect will be examined. Then the discussion will be closed.

소년보호처분의 전력을 전자장치부착명령의 요건으로 할 수 있는지 여부에 대한 검토

박찬걸 ( Park Chan-keol ) 한국소년정책학회 2015 少年保護硏究 Vol.28 No.-

Supreme Court recognized that the ruling of the original trial was lawful regarding its dismissal of prosecutor's request for electronic device attachment based on its decision that a past juvenile justice processing history for sexual violence crime in addition to committing a sexual violence crime, which is the criminal fact of this case, by the claimant of non-attachment order does not apply to the case of having committed crime more than twice, which is defined in Subparagraph 3, Paragraph 1, Article 5 of Electronic Device Attachment Act. Despite such provisional conclusion, it is necessary to pay attention to opposing opinions being presented in the supreme court grand bench decision. According to the author's opinion, it is true that the basis of an argument being presented in minority opinions appears to be rather more convincing. This paper will first identify differences in the juvenile ruling procedure and criminal suit procedure regarding the notion of protective disposition and ex officio principle trial procedure Based on such findings, it will review the basic premise for discussion by examining the legal characteristics of electronic device attachment order and past changes in the conditions for electronic device attachment order. Based on such review, it will review main issues of this case by dividing it into specific parts of whether juvenile processing history can be included in ‘sexual crime committed more than twice’, interpretation of Paragraph 6, Article 32 of Juvenile Act, ruling on doer element (habit) in addition to behavior element (sexual violence crime) to conclude the discussion.

성폭력범죄 대처를 위한 최근(2012. 12. 18.)의 개정 형법에 대한 검토

박찬걸(Park, Chan-Keol) 한양법학회 2013 漢陽法學 Vol.24 No.2

Amid the society which has been getting developed in more diverse and complex pattern, sexual assault has also been changed in various ways accordingly but regretfully current criminal law can hardly respond to such patterns. When it comes to analogous intercourse, it’s considered a rape which is subject to severe punishment in advanced nations in including Germany and France where the laws define the rape as “penetration into the body” and then in Korea, on the contrary, ‘genital penetration only is considered the rape’ and analogous intercourse is regarded the indecent assault and moreover, the object of the rape offense is limited to women. And for reasons of respecting the privacy and personality, the sexual assault including sexual molestation, kidnapping, luring, bribing and concealing for the purpose of adultery and rape are defined as the crime subject to victim’s complaint. But in a bid to induce the withdrawal of complaint by the victim, perpetrators rather often threaten the victims or sue against the victim for defamation. Despite of the criminal laws which clearly define the sexual assault as a grave crime, it still remains as the crime subject to victim’s complaint, which is against the intent of the criminal law system. In case of sexual intercourse under pretence of marriage, very few cases in fact undergo punishment. The law limiting the object of illicit sexual intercourse under pretence of marriage to “the women who do not have habitual obscene act” has damaged the sexual identity of the women, which thus shall be abolished. To effectively deal with the sexual assaults developed in diverse patterns and manners, the law to deal with analogous intercourse shall be established and the objects of sex crime shall be expanded form ‘women’ to ‘person’ and the system allowing the crime subject to victim’s complaint and illicit sexual intercourse under pretence of marriage shall be abolished and the revised law incorporating such circumstance, dubbed the 11th revised criminal law, has been currently endorsed recently by the national assembly and will become effective as of June 19, 2013.

성매매 수익에 대한 몰수 및 추징제도의 활성화방안

박찬걸(Park, Chan-Keol) 한국법학원 2016 저스티스 Vol.- No.156

성매매로 인하여 창출되는 불법적인 수익으로 인한 문제가 심각하다는 점에 대하여 사회적 인식의 공감대가 형성되어 있으므로, 성매매알선행위의 근절과 불법수익의 완전한 박탈은 이제 더 이상 늦출 수 없는 시대적인 과제가 되었다고 판단된다. 물론 성매매처벌법을 시행한지 벌써 12년이 다 되어가는 현재의 시점까지 정부에서도 이러한 문제의식에 입각하여 여러 가지 예방 및 대처방안을 제시하고 있기는 하지만, 보다 효과적인 정책수립을 위해서는 현재의 제도에 대한 문제점을 지적하지 않을 수가 없다. 특히 성매매에 제공되는 사실을 알면서 건물을 임대하여 영업으로 성매매알선행위를 하는 것은, 안정적인 성매매 장소를 확보하게 하여 성매매가 지속적으로 이루어지게 하고 이를 확산시키므로, 그 불법성이 결코 적다고 할 수 없으며, 이는 범죄의 가장 주된 동기가 경제적 이익의 취득에 있다는 점에서, 주형의 부과나 임의적인 몰수⋅추징만으로는 범죄의 예방이 충분히 달성되지 않을 수 있다. 또한 성매매알선범죄의 배후에는 조직적인 범죄집단이 존재하는 경우가 많은데, 이로 인하여 효율의 극대화를 위한 분업체계를 구축하여 수익을 극대화하고 위험부담을 최소화시키려는 경향이 매우 강하다. 그러므로 성매매가 산업적으로 재생산되는 연결고리를 차단하고 성매매알선 등 행위를 통해 불법수익을 얻으려는 유인을 막기 위해서는, 성매매알선 등 행위에 대한 처벌이 실질적 위하력을 가지도록 행위자에게 강한 책임을 물을 수밖에 없는 것이다. 하지만 실무에서는 성매매수익에 대한 몰수⋅추징의 활용실적이 기대와 달리 활발하게 이루어지지는 않고 있는데, 동 제도의 문제점을 분석한 후 이에 대한 합리적인 개선방안을 모색하는 것이 시급한 실정이라고 하겠다. 이에 본고에서는 이러한 문제점에 입각하여 우선 성매매처벌법상 몰수⋅추징제도의 운영현황을 기초로 하여, 형법, 범죄수익은닉규제법, 기타 범죄수익 관련 특례법 등과의 비교를 통하여 양자의 관계 및 개별법에 규정된 특수한 규정에 대한 검토를 시도한다. 이후 추징대상 및 추징방법에 대한 논의를 전개하는데, 판례에서 제시되고 있는 사례군 가운데 성매매수익의 추징대상에 포함되는지 여부를 기준으로 대별한 후 보다 적극적인 추징대상의 범위확장을 주장한다. 동시에 성매매처벌법상의 몰수⋅추징의 법적 성격을 일반적 추징으로 바라보는 판례의 시각을 비판하며, 징벌적 추징으로 해석해야 하는 당위성을 입증한다. 이상의 논의를 바탕으로 포괄일 죄의 성립에 대한 엄격성의 요구, 경제적 이득 박탈규정의 신설, 몰수⋅추징보전제도의 적극적 활용, 몰수대상으로써 ‘혼합재산’의 추가, 추징금 미납시 노역장유치제도의 도입 등을 중심으로 하는 성매매수익에 대한 몰수⋅추징의 활성화 방안을 제시한 후, 몰수⋅추징된 금액에 대한 기금 등의 사용처를 판단하며, 논의를 마무리하기로 한다. Clause 25 of Anti-prostitution Law, under the title of "Confiscation and additional collection", stipulates that "money, valuables and other assets obtained by persons who violated crimes as per Clause 18 to 20 are to be confiscated and if confiscation is not available, the equivalent value will be collected additionally". But in reality, act of confiscation & additional collection for prostitution earnings has not been conducted properly against the expectation, so, it is now urgently required to analyze the problems of this system and seek reasonable measures to improve them. Under the circumstances, this study, based on operational state of confiscation & additional collection system under Anti-prostitution Law, conducts comparison with Criminal Law, Criminal Proceeds Concealment Prevention Act, and other special laws related with criminal proceeds and attempts the examination of relations between these two and special regulations stipulated by each individual law. The study then discusses the objects and ways of confiscation, and largely divides case groups as suggested by precedents based on whether they are included as the objects of confiscation, and asserts extension of the scope for objects of confiscation in a wider way. At the same time, the study criticizes precedents that consider legal nature of confiscation & additional collection under Anti-prostitution Law from the more general point of view, and verifies the appropriateness of interpreting them from the perspective of additional collection as a punishment. Building on this discussion, the study suggests ways to activate confiscation & additional collection of prostitution earnings, centered on requirement of strictness on establishment of comprehensive crimes, demand for strong multiple punishment, new establishment of regulations to deprive of economic earnings, active use of confiscation & additional collection system, addition of "mixed property" as an object for confiscation, introduction of custody at workhouse in the event of nonpayment of additional fees. Then the study concludes the discussion.

아동학대의 대처현황과 가해자 및 피해자 처우의 개선방안

박찬걸 ( Park Chan-keol ) 한국소년정책학회 2014 少年保護硏究 Vol.24 No.-

Child abuse does not stop at inflicting physical and mental pain on a victim child. When the child grows up and becomes a juvenile or an adult, the person has the high possibility of having various disorders such as emotional disorder, physical disorder and behavior disorder. Therefore, child abuse should not be connived by taking it as a family matter and active intervention of society and state is required. A child abuse experienced during childhood causes insensibility toward the pain of others, lack of conscience pang and aggressiveness based on hostility or anger, which lead the child toward misconduct and crime during adolescent period. There is an analysis that most criminals who committed variety of violent crimes suffered child abuse and spent unfortunate childhood. Therefore, the issue of child abuse is the issue of the future generation who will lead our society. The purpose of this study is searching for advanced responding plan on assailants and victim children (as defined in the Child Welfare Act) based on current status of child abuse. In order to effectively resolve the issue of child abuse, it is necessary to learn current status of child abuse first. Therefore, the concept of child abuse in Child Welfare Act will be discussed and current handling status of child abuse will be verified focusing on the child abuse reporting status and child abuse occurrence status. Next, the roles of child abuse related agencies will be learned focusing on child-protection agencies, judicial police management and Family Court(Ⅱ). Next, an improvement plan on the treatment of child abuse assailants will be suggested focusing on the issues in current measures such as general measure, service provision, restriction of parental right and criminal punishment(Ⅲ). As last, an improvement plan on child abuse victims will be suggested focusing on the issues of protection measure, temporary measure and introduction of intermediary system(Ⅳ).

장애인 대상 성폭력범죄에 관한 최근의 입법과 합리적 대처방안 -일명 도가니법에 대한 비판적 검토를 중심으로-

박찬걸 ( Chan Keol Park ) 한국형사정책학회 2011 刑事政策 Vol.23 No.2

Recently, it seems that the Korean political circles react too sensitively to press broadcasting on sexually violent crimes and voices of emotional public opinion. The revised legislation dated in October 28, 2011 on sexually violent crimes targeting disabled persons is not a product of rational results that worried and discussed deeply for a long time in the context like this, so it can be evaluated as a product of emotional results that has suggested alternatives too easily within an ultra-short period. If the movie with the background of Gwangju`s Inhwa school`s incidents was not shown, and if it was not run, the revision work of the Special Law on Sexually Violent Crimes would never be progressed with such fast speed. The content of the revision is being also consistent as exclusion of statute of limitations and strengthening of punishment, etc. so it is a recent situation that a punishment-oriented policy on attackers is taking priority over interests on sexual violence victims. Namely, a problem that the protection of sexual violence victims, etc. are handled carelessly are occurring while performing a strong criminal policy that its effectiveness is not transparent. In addition, though the legislature raises court penalty on sexually violent crimes like this, it is actually difficult that its purpose is straightly reflected to a sentence penalty of a court. When thinking of it, the most suitable measures on sexually violent crimes is considered as prevention through education instead of the strong criminal policy at the head of strengthening of punishment. In this aspect, when a court sentences a judgment of a conviction on a person who committed sexually violent crimes, the clause of ``combined assignment of punishment and learning order, etc.`` of Article 16 of the Special Law on Sexual Violence that is newly established in April 7, 2011 which the learning order necessary for prevention of repeated crime in the range of 300 hours or completion order of a sexual violence treatment program can be assigned dually has a very big meaning. Around 250 years ago, the claim of Beccaria that the rapidity and certainty of punishment are more effective over strictness of punishment in preventing crimes should be recalled once again.

형법 제20조에 규정된 ‘사회상규에 위배되지 아니하는 행위’의 의미 및 다른 위법성조각사유와의 관계

박찬걸(Park, Chan-Keol) 한국형사법학회 2016 刑事法硏究 Vol.28 No.1

As laws tend to often change in accordance with the situation of times, circumstances precluding wrongfulness are continually urged to change likewise. And illegality is, by nature, not positioned against general law and order, so it can constitute a precluding circumstance even by extralegal perspective. Behaviors not violating social norms as such mean extralegal circumstances precluding wrongfulness that can be accepted besides regulations of law, and Korea's Criminal Code stands out from those of other countries in that such behaviors were stipulated by law and treated as a circumstance precluding wrongfulness. Circumstances precluding wrongfulness as stipulated by Clause 20 of Criminal Code have already drawn much attention of academic circles, accumulating vast research outcomes and as a result, spectrums of the relevant debates are extremely diverse indeed. And this study, in an attempt to understand specific meaning of 'Behaviors not violating social norms' focused on the debate contents of academics and trends of judicial precedents, firstly discusses relations between social reasonablity and social norms. Then, the study actively starts to establish the concept of social norms and basically seeks to induce unique functions of social norms from critical point of view against skepticism of social norms concept. Finally, the study examines relations between 'Behaviors not violating social norms' and other circumstances precluding wrongfulness. It firstly examines their relations as stipulated by Clause 21 and or 24 of Criminal Code, and then concludes the discussion by examining relations between behaviors not violating social norms and 'behaviors by ordinances or those by duty on work' as per Clause 20 of Criminal Code. 법률은 시대상황에 따라 수시로 변천하기 마련이기 때문에 위법성조각사유는 계속적으로 유동적인 상황에 처할 수밖에 없다. 즉 위법성조각사유는 법률의 규정에만 의존할 수가 없으며, 법률의 규정이 없는 경우에도 초법규적 위법성조각사유가 충분 히 인정될 수 있는 것이다. 또한 위법성이란 전체적인 법질서 내지 법적인 평가에 배치되지 아니하는 성질이기 때문에 초법규적으로도 조각사유를 상정할 수 있는데, 예를 들면 교사의 징계행위, 추정적 승낙에 의한 행위, 의무의 충돌 등이 그것이다. 이와 같이 사회상규에 위배되지 아니하는 행위는 법률의 규정 이외에 인정될 수 있는 초법규적 위법성조각사유를 의미하는데, 우리나라에서는 이를 입법화하여 법규적 위법성조각사유로 취급하는 점이 다른 나라와 구별되는 두드러진 특징이라고 하겠다. 형법 제20조에서 규정하고 있는 사회상규불위배행위와 관련하여서는 학계의 상당한 관심과 축적된 연구결과가 이미 선행되어 있는 분야라고 할 수 있으며, 그 논의의 스펙트럼 또한 실로 매우 다양하다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본고에서는 이러한 학 계의 논의 상황과 판례의 흐름을 중심으로 ‘사회상규에 위배되지 아니하는 행위’의 구체적인 의미를 파악하기 위하여 사회적 상당성과 사회상규의 관계에 대한 논의를 우선적으로 검토한다. 이후 본격적으로 사회상규의 개념에 대한 정립에 착수하기 되 는데, 기본적으로 사회상규 개념 회의론에 대한 비판적인 시각에서 사회상규 고유의 기능을 도출해 보고자 한다. 끝으로 ‘사회상규에 위배되지 아니하는 행위’와 다른 위법성조각사유와의 관계를 고찰해 보는데, 먼저 형법 제21조 내지 제24조에서 규정하고 있는 위법성조각사유와의 관계를 검토하고, 형법 제20조에서 규정하고 있는 ‘법령에 의한 행위 또는 업무로 인한 행위’와의 관계를 검토한 후 논의를 마무리하기로 한다.