진단용 방사선발생장치의 안전관리에 관한 규칙과 원자력법의 용어통일 개선 방향

김화곤(Hwa-Gon Kim),강세식(Se-Sik Kang),김창수(Chang-Soo Kim),박철서(Cheol-Seo Park) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2006 방사선기술과학 Vol.29 No.1

  진단용 방사선발생장치의 안전관리에 관한 규칙과 원자력법에서 사용되는 용어들이 일부 상이하게 기술됨으로서, 실무종사자들의 혼란을 막기 위해 본 연구를 실시하였다. 우리니라의 원자력법은 국제방시선방어위원회(ICRP)의 권고에 띠라 우리나라의 실정에 맞게 지속적으로 수정, 발전한 반면에, 진단용 방시선발생장치의 안전관리에 관한 규칙은 부분적인 수정함으로서, 용어의 혼란을 초래하게 되었다. 진단용 방사선발생장치의 안전관리에 관한 규칙과 원자력법을 비교하면 수정해야 할 사항들은 다음과 같았다.   1. 진단용 방사선발생장치의 안전관리에 관한 규칙과 원자력법에서 사용되는 용어와 단위가 다르다. 업무의 특성상 사용되는 특별한 용어를 제외하고, 공통으로 시용되는 용어의 통일은 반드시 필요하다. 비록 이원화된 방사선안전관리 체계일지라도 규제와 지도의 기준은 일원화되어야 할 뿐 아니라 방사선업무에 종사하는 자나 방사선안전관리 실무에 종사하는 자에게 혼란을 주어서는 바람직하지 못하다.   2. 진단용 방사선발생장치의 안전관리에 관한 규칙에는 다음의 규정이 추가되어야 한다.   1)환자와 병원 방문객에 대한 방사선방어   2)임신중인 여성환자의 방사선피폭제한   3)의료상피폭으로 인정되지 않는 자의 방사선피폭제한   4)임신 중인 여성 의료관계종사자의 피폭관리   The rules and terms are described different meaning, in this results the research is accomplished for preventing practical workers from confusion. Atomic law are kept up modification and development in our situation by the ICRP"s recommendation, on the other hand, the rules of diagnosis radiation equipment safety managements are modified partial, then resulted in confusion. The study was comparison between the rules of diagnosis radiation equipment safety management and atomic energy law, and the modification items obtained were as follows.   1. With each other different the terms and units are used. With the exception of special terms for affairs usage, it is needless to say that common term uniformity is standardized. The standardization of rules and guidance have not need to confusion radiological practical workers.   2. The following is omitted.   1) The radiation protection against tile patient and the hospital visitor.   2) Radiation dose limit of the woman patient who is in the process of becoming pregnant.   3) Radiation dose limit of the person who is not regarded as madical madical exposure.   4) The control of the exposure of pregnant of women at work.

직무불안의 조절효과에 관한 연구

전찬열(Jun Chan-Ryeol) 한국인적자원관리학회 2008 인적자원관리연구 Vol.15 No.S

  The moderating effects on the relationship between job insecurity and its outcomes, namely job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, noncompliant behaviors were examined. Data were gathered through direct survey to employees. The findings are as followings.<BR>  First, company supports, identity with retirer, economic situations moderated on the relationship between job insecurity and its outcomes.<BR>  Second, supervisor support, coworker support moderated on the relationship between job insecurity and its outcomes.<BR>  Third, growth needs, ages, educations moderated on the relationship between job insecurity and its outcomes.<BR>  But the moderating effects of friend support, coworker support, marriage on the relationship between job insecurity and its outcomes were not founded.<BR>  Implications of this results were discussed with existing studies and korean situations.   본 연구의 목적은 직무불안과 결과간의 관계에서 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 실증분석을 통해 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출하였다.<BR>  첫째, 상황변수의 조절효과를 검증한 결과, 회사지원은 직무불안과 직무만족간의 관계를 조절하였고, 해고자일체감은 직무불안과 조직몰입간의 관계를 조절하였고, 시장상황은 직무불안과 직무만족간의 관계를 조절하였다.<BR>  둘째, 사회적 지원의 조절효과를 검증한 결과, 직장내 지원에서 상사지원은 직무불안과 불만행동간의 관계를 조절하였고, 동료지원은 직무불안과 직무만족, 직무불안과 불만행동간의 관계를 조절하였다.<BR>  셋째, 개인차의 조절효과를 검증한 결과, 성장욕구는 직무불안과 불만행동, 연령은 직무불안과 직무만족의 관계를 조절하였고, 학력은 직무불안과 조직몰입, 직무불안과 이직의도간의 관계를 조절하였다.<BR>  본 연구에서 나타난 결과를 바탕으로 직무불안을 감소시키고 조직유효성을 높이기 위하여 다양한 조절변수를 강구할 필요가 있다.

Inhibition of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice by using a 4 Hz magnetic field: a comparative study with a 60 Hz magnetic field

Park, Won-Hee,Chae, Young-Joo,Soh, Kwang-Sup,Lee, Byung-Cheon,Pyo, Myoung-Yun Informa Healthcare 2012 Electromagnetic biology and medicine Vol.31 No.4

<P>We investigated the comparative effects of 4 and 60 Hz magnetic fields on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure in mice. For this study, we measured the latent time to seizure, seizure duration, and lethality induced by PTZ in mice exposed to 4 and 60 Hz magnetic fields (MF) for 30 min. Compared to sham-exposed controls, the latent time to tail twitching and seizure in the 4 Hz MF group was significantly decreased while the latent time to seizure in the 60 Hz MF group was significantly increased. The seizure duration in the 4 Hz MF group was significantly decreased while that in the 60 Hz MF group was significantly increased. More importantly, while the mice exposed to a 60 Hz MF experienced significantly increased lethality after seizure convulsion, those exposed to a 4 Hz MF showed no lethality, with a shortening of the duration of seizure. This beneficial effect of a 4 Hz MF on seizure has the same implication as the anti-oxidative effects of a 4 Hz MF observed in our previous work. The results of our current and previous works indicate that a 4 Hz MF may be used as a therapeutic physical agent for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced diseases, including seizure, with or without chemical drugs.</P>

Putative association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &ggr; co-activator 1&bgr; (<i>PPARGC1B</i>) polymorphism with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Park, K. S.,Shin, H. D.,Park, B. L.,Cheong, H. S.,Cho, Y. M.,Lee, H. K.,Lee, J.-Y.,Lee, J.-K.,Kim, H. Tae,Park, C.-S.,Han, B. G.,Kimm, K.,Oh, B. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006 Diabetic medicine Vol.23 No.6

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor &ggr; co-activator 1&bgr; (PPARGC1B) may play an important role in obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In an effort to identify genetic polymorphisms in potential candidate genes for T2DM, genetic associations of PPARGC1B were examined in a Korean T2DM study.</P><P>Methods </P><P>We have sequenced the <I>PPARGC1B</I>, and examined its association with T2DM and diabetic phenotypes in a Korean T2DM study (775 T2DM patients and 316 control subjects) using the TaqMan method. Logistic and multiple regression models were employed to analyse the genetic contributions of polymorphisms. Nineteen polymorphisms were identified in <I>PPARGC1B</I>.</P><P>Results </P><P>By logistic regression analysis controlling for age and sex as covariates, one non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; <I>+102605C>A</I>; <I>Arg292Ser</I>) in exon 5 showed marginal significant associations with the risk of T2DM. The allele frequency of the minor allele [‘<I>A</I> (<I>= Ser</I>)’ allele of <I>+102605C>A</I>] was lower among T2DM patients (frequency = 0.101) than among control subjects (frequency = 0.135) [<I>P =</I> 0.03, OR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51–0.94)]. Furthermore, serum triglyceride level was also associated with this non-synonymous SNP (<I>+102605C>A</I>; <I>Arg292Ser</I>) in exon 5 among controls (<I>P =</I> 0.03 in the dominant analysing model). Serum triglyceride levels [1.46 ± 0.70 (log-transformed value; 0.12 ± 0.18)] were lower in individuals who carry one or two copies of minor alleles than among others [1.60 ± 0.85 (log-transformed value; 0.16 ± 0.21)].</P><P>Conclusion </P><P>The present study provides, for the first time, information about genetic polymorphisms in <I>PPARGC1B</I> and putative associations of one non-synonymous SNP with the risk of T2DM and serum triglyceride (TG) levels in the Korean population, although this result was not significant after correction for multiple testing.</P>

Polymorphisms of <i>KCNJ11</i> (Kir6.2 gene) are associated with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the Korean population

Koo, B. K.,Cho, Y. M.,Park, B. L.,Cheong, H. S.,Shin, H. D.,Jang, H. C.,Kim, S. Y.,Lee, H. K.,Park, K. S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 Diabetic medicine Vol.24 No.2

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>Kir6.2 is found in the pancreatic B-cell, cardiac and skeletal muscle and non-vascular smooth muscle. <I>KCNJ11</I>, encoding Kir6.2, has been shown to be associated with both Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in several populations. In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in <I>KCNJ11</I> are associated with Type 2 diabetes and other metabolic phenotypes in the Korean population.</P><P><B>Methods </B></P><P>We sequenced <I>KCNJ11</I> to identify common polymorphisms using 24 Korean DNA samples. Of the 14 polymorphisms found in <I>KCNJ11</I>, six common ones [genomic sequence (g.)−1709A>T, g.−1525T>C, g.67G>A (E23K), g.570C>T (A190A), g.1009A>G (I337V), and g.1388C>T] were genotyped in 761 Type 2 diabetic patients and in 630 non-diabetic subjects.</P><P><B>Results</B> </P><P>All the polymorphic loci in <I>KCNJ11</I> are in strong linkage disequilibrium in the Korean population and act as one haplotype block. g.67G>A and g.1009A>G were associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes [age, sex, and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 1.376 (1.085–1.745), <I>P</I> = 0.008 and 1.411 (1.111–1.791), <I>P</I> = 0.005, respectively], as was one haplotype (A-T-A-C-G-C in the order of polymorphisms as shown above) containing g.67A and g.1009G [OR = 1.359 (1.080–1.709), <I>P</I> = 0.009]. The haplotype (A-T-A-C-G-C) was also strongly associated with hypertension [OR = 1.655 (1.288–2.126), <I>P</I> < 0.001].</P><P><B>Conclusions </B></P><P>Polymorphisms in <I>KCNJ11</I> are associated with Type 2 diabetes and also with hypertension in the Korean population.</P>

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction predicts acute ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 7-year follow-up study

Ko, S. H.,Song, K. H.,Park, S. A.,Kim, S. R.,Cha, B. Y.,Son, H. Y.,Moon, K. W.,Yoo, K. D.,Park, Y. M.,Cho, J. H.,Yoon, K. H.,Ahn, Y. B. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 Diabetic medicine Vol.25 No.10

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>We investigated whether cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with acute ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes.</P><P>Methods </P><P>From 1999 to 2000, cardiovascular autonomic function tests were conducted in patients with Type 2 diabetes (<I>n</I> = 1458). Patients were followed up between 2006 and 2007. Standard tests for CAN measured heart rate variability parameters [expiration-to-inspiration (E/I) ratio, responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre and standing]. Using the American Diabetes Association criteria, the CAN scores were determined from the results of each test as follows: 0 = normal, 1 = abnormal (total maximum score 3). We assessed the development of acute ischaemic stroke events.</P><P>Results </P><P>The prevalence of CAN at baseline was 55.7% (E/I 17.1%, Valsalva 39.4%, posture 27.3%) (<I>n</I> = 1126). During follow-up, 131 patients (11.6%) developed acute ischaemic stroke. The vascular events were more frequent in older patients (<I>P</I> < 0.001) and in those with diabetes of longer duration (<I>P</I> = 0.022), hypertension (<I>P</I> < 0.001) or diabetic retinopathy (<I>P</I> = 0.03) than in patients without vascular events. Patients with ischaemic stroke had higher creatinine levels (<I>P</I> = 0.045) and higher urine albumin excretion (<I>P</I> = 0.025) than those of patients without stroke. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that the CAN score was associated with the development of acute ischaemic stroke (total score 0 vs. 3, adjusted hazard ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–5.5,<I> P</I> = 0.006).</P><P>Conclusion </P><P>Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction was significantly associated with the development of ischaemic stroke in patients with Type 2 diabetes.</P>

광복 61년, 한국의 국가와 시민사회

이종오(Lee Chong-Oh) 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2006 신학사상 Vol.0 No.132

  한국은 광복 61년의 역사 속에서 근대화의 물적 기초로서의 산업화, 제도적 기초로서의 민주화를 이루었으며 이를 기반으로 하여 성공적인 세계로의 진출을 기하였다. 이런 의미에서 식민지 시대의 민족문제와 세계화 시대 한국이 당면하고 있는 민족문제는 전혀 성격을 달리한다. 한국 사회는 세계와 나를 더 이상 피해자 관점에서 대립적으로 고찰할 필요는 없다. 한국 사회의 과제는 산업화와 민주화의 토대 위에서 질적으로 선진적인 사회를 구축해 가는 것이며, 더구나 이제는 생활과 사고의 영역을 한반도에서 동아시아 그리고 세계를 포용하는 방향으로 넓혀가야 한다. 그런 의미에서 한국은 동아시아의 선도 국가가 될 가능성을 지니고 있으며 이 지역의 화해와 평화 그리고 번영에 관한 담론을 전개해야 한다.   그러나 이러한 미래를 개척하기 위해서 한국은 아직도 불안전한 민주주의를 공고히 하고 신자유주의 세계화 시대에서의 사회적 양극화에 대해서 성공적으로 대처하는 경제, 사회적 대안을 강구해야 한다.   The Republic of Korea achieved remarkable success in industrialization as well as democratization of political life in her 61 year history after the 1945 liberation. Its extraordinary transformation from a backward underdeveloped country to an advanced industrialized nation has made it a widely noted model case for modernization.   Today, Korea once again faces a new world order. The challenge of globalization, however, is one that has been met with moderate success. The present day characteristic of the national problem is fundamentally different from that of the colonial days and the pre-industrial period. The historic task now facing Korea is to leap toward a new stage of a truly modern society based on strong industry, sound democracy and mature civil society.   In order to accomplish this task, Koreans need to overcome the commonly held view of themselves as historical victims. Koreans should expand the focus of their thinking and living to embrace the outside world, particularly East Asia. Korea has a unique opportunity to becoming a leading nation in this region.   In order to realize this vision, however, Korea needs to overcome the polarization of society that has resulted from neoliberal globalization by further developing its still young democracy and by adopting socioeconomic reform measures that can meet the challenges of globalization.

Variation of Harbor Oscillations in Yeongil Bay

Min­Su Jeon,Joong­Woo Lee,Jae­Hyun Jeong,Sang­Yong Yang,Young­Hwan Jeong 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1 No.-

  Today, harbor oscillation problems are the most significant factor to consider when designing harbors serving very large ships. In coastal harbors, large vessels moored in the elastic hawsers are often displaced due to the resonance between long period waves and mooring systems. As a result, cargo handling may be interrupted and the hawsers may be broken, especially when the amplification becomes extreme. The most significant harbor confronted with harbor oscillation problem in Korea is Pohang New port. Many cases of problems are being reported by the pilot association and the local office of MOMAF (Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries). However, it is difficult to prevent the arrival of long waves causing oscillation within this harbor. Moreover, the Korean government has already started a new port plan at the mouth of Yeongil Bay without addressing the problems that have occurred in Pohang New port. This study deals with the variation of harbor oscillation due to the construction of a 4.1 km breakwater at the bay mouth including the arrangement of the new berths. Numerical methods used are in fairly standard form from the extended mile slope equation. The obtained numerical results were compared with field measurement from the previous and this will bring a certain level of discussion and consideration of variation to the future port development.

警察上의 調査에 관한 法的問題

金男旭(Kim Nam Wook) 한국토지공법학회 2006 土地公法硏究 Vol.33 No.-

  Police aims to secure the public peace and order and police investigation has been executed as its subsidiary means.  In particular, powerful administrative examination like police investigation may infringe on man"s basic rights such as freedom of residence and business and privacy and it may result in illegal collection and disclosure of private information and business secret of enterprises.<BR>  This study examines concept, legal basis, type and limit of police investigation  based on legal principles and seeks the suggestions to Korea by examining legislature cases of police in America and Germany.  Further, it reviews legal problems including prior procedures of police investigation by the existing law, limit of discretion, application of writ, application of right to refuse statement, exercising force on police investigation and injust police investigation and aims to secure efficiency of police investigation system.

표현대표이사의 행위에 대한 회사의 승인 - 대상판결 : 대법원 2005.9.9. 선고 2004다17702 판결

김재범(Kim Jae-Bum) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2006 성균관법학 Vol.18 No.3

  A corporation is represented ordinarily by president(or C.E.O.) and in a specified transaction by the other person who has a authority through delegation. The representation would have a defect and become void if the actor who acted on the corporation"s behalf did not have a authority to represent. In that situation when third party had the belief that the actor was an agent and the corporation had responsibility for the belief, the corporation would be subject to liability to a third party. To this situation Commercial Law section 395 can be applicable.<BR>  The factual background of the matter is as follows. A borrowed money on security of P corporation(plaintiff)" land from C financial institution(defendant) in name of P corporation, notwithstanding his lack of capacity as president. The legal president B got sick at that time and couldn"t work, so he gave A(B"s son) the power of routine work management. A however exceeded his delegated power as stated above situation and C lent money in reliance of A" capacity. After that transaction A spent the money for payment of P corporation" debt and tax. Four months passed since that borrowing money and P corporation sued C for the voidance of the settlement of security on the ground that A had no authority for representation on P corporation"s behalf.<BR>  The court held that legal president B or the other directors knew the fact that A acted beyond the limits of his authority and they intentionally neglected to correct the situation, so P corporation approved A"s act and was responsible for the transaction.<BR>  In this case the issue is the responsibility of corporation for the belief of C that A is a president. The reasoning of the court after considering the corporate governance of P corporation, business environment, the concrete action of A and the reaction of B, is rational. The important fact to reasoning this case is that P corporation sued C, 3 months after B recognized the action of A or the transaction and that the money was used for P. The fact that P corporation knew the A" representation with no capacity and neglected for 3 months since that knowledge without any objection, can estop P corporation" contention. C was justifiably induced to make a loan and there was no neglection in doing so. Of course the fact that money was used for P corporation and there was no objection for that, may be meant the acquiescent ratification of P on the transaction. In conclusion C has a mortgage of P corporation"s land.