Si BASED INTERFACES TO MATCH WITH PRINTED ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Kiran Shrestha 순천대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

Printed electronic devices has very large potential in IT markets. In the near future, the printed electronics will replace silicon devices in most of the low-cost and large area applications such as smart packaging and large digital signage. However, the current status of the printed devices is not as matured as the silicon-based electronics devices in stability and power consumption. Thus, this thesis presents the methods of interfacing the printed devices with Si based devices for providing the device stability and low power operation. As typical examples, the printed sensors and antennas were bridged with the silicon devices for the wireless communication with low operation voltage. In addition, all R2R gravure printed TFT active matrix was bridged with Si based driving IC to display flexible E-paper. Especially, driving the E-papers with printed TFT active matrix will revolutionize the display industry with high throughput production, limitless size and all additive process (no etching).

Study on antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria against different plant pathogenic bacteria

Anupama Shrestha 강원대학교 2008 국내석사

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a phylogenetically diverse group of bacteria that are gram-positive usually non-motile, non-spore-forming rods and cocci with less than 50 mol% G+C in their DNA. They lack the ability to synthesize cytochromes and therefore cannot generate ATP by creation of a proton gradient. LAB includes the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium, Propionibacterium and Bifdobacterium. Many LAB have important roles in the production of fermented foods, and some of these bacteria have been shown to be capable of inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of food spoilage organisms. In this study, strains were isolated from the soil around healthy tomato plants in a polyhouse, where most of the other plants showed bacterial wilt symptoms. In vitro antagonistic effect of culture fractionated in bacteria free supernatant and bacterial suspension of the isolated strain KLF01, Lactococcus strain KLC02 and Pediococcus strain KPD03 were tested against different plant pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial substances from all three bacteria were subjected to different physical conditions as different pH and temperature. Furthermore, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Lactococcus strain KLC02, Pediococcus strain KPD03 and Lactobacillus strain KLF01 to control the bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Biochemical and 16S rRNA gene analysis of bacterial isolate KLF01 from garden soil showed relatedness to Lactobacillus sp. The supernatant was found to show no antibacterial effect, indicating that live bacteria are responsible for the activity in case of Pediococcus strain KPD03 and Lactobacillus strain KLF01 while the supernatant of Lactococcus strain KLC02 showed antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Among different plant pathogenic bacteria investigated, the zone of inhibition against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and R. solanacearum were significant therefore, selected for further study. The results showed that the antibacterial substance from Lactococcus strain KLC02 was found to consistently retain its biological activity after exposure to wide range of pH (2.0-9.0) and heat. Drench application of these strains (4×108 C.F.U/ml) into the experimental plot containing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar ‘Lokkusanmaru’ and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar ‘Buja’ plants, post-inoculated with the pathogen, R. solanacearum, drastically reduced the disease severity, compared to the non-treated plants. Since the above mentioned bacterial pathogens are critical in the initiation and progression of wide variety of plant diseases, the present findings suggest that the implementation of LAB may offer a novel approach in the biological control of these diseases. 계통 발생적으로 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)는 다양성을 가지는 세균의 한 그룹으로써 gram-positive 이고 이동성이 없으며 포자를 형성하지 않는 rods 와 cocci 모양을 띄고 DNA 에는 50 mol% 보다 적은 G+C를 가지고 있다.이와 같은 세균은 cytochromes 을 생성 할 수 없다. 그러므로 proton gradient를 이용하여 ATP를 만들지 못한다. LAB의 속에 포함된 세균들은 다음과 같다: Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium, Propionibacterium and Bifdobacterium. 많은 LAB 은 발효식품 가공 시 중요한 역할을 한다 또한 이균들 중 음식을 상하게하는 미생물을 억제할수 있는 능력을 지녔다. 이번 연구를 위해 ployhouse 의 시들음병 에걸린 토마토 식물체중 건강한 토마토 식물의 토양에서 strain 을 분리 (채취) 하였다. 세균이 없는 supernatant 와 분리된 KLF01, Lactococcus strain KLC02 and Pediococcus strain KPD03 계통의 bacterial suspension이 병원성 세균에 대한 대립성을 알아 보기 위해 in vitro 시험되었다. 이 세종류의 항생성 은 pH와 온도 와 같은 물리적인 조건에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 또한, Lactococcus strain KLC02, Pediococcus strain KPD03 and Lactobacillus strain KLF01 의 R. solanacearum 에 의해 시들음 병을 억제할 수 있는 능력의 효과를 알아보기 위해 온실에서 실험되었다. KLF01 계통의 16S rRNA gene 와 생화학적 분석을 통해 Lactobacillus sp. 와의 연관성을 알수있었다. Supernatant에서는 항생 효과가 없었다. 이는, 살아 있는 세균만이 KPD03 계통의 Pediococcus 와 KLF01 계통의 Lactobacillus에서 제 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그런 반면, KLC02 계통의 Lactococcus supernatant는 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. 에데해 항생성을 보였다. 다른 식물 병원성 세균들도 조사한결과 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria와 R. solanacearum 의 저항성은 눈에띄게 나타났다. 그러므로 더 연구 해볼 필요가 있다. KLC02 계통의 Lactococcus 의 항생성분 은 pH (2.0-9.0) 와 열에 노출되었음에도 불구하고 모든 생물적인 활동은 잃지 않았다. 위의 strains (4×108 C.F.U/ml)에 Drench application을 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)의 재배종 ‘Lokkusanmaru’ 와 pepper (Capsicumannuum L.) 의 재배종 ‘Buja’ 식물들이 병원성 R. solanacearum에 접종되었을 때가 접종되지 않았을 때 보다 병징을 확연히 줄였음을 확인할수 있었다. 그러므로 위와 같은 세균으로부터 시작, 발전되는 다양한 식물병을 control 할수있는 방법 등에 LAB은 많은 도움과 성과를 불러올 것으로 판단된다.

Establishment of hybrid breeding system in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)

Surendra Lal Shrestha 강원대학교 대학원 2009 국내박사

파프리카는 가지과에 속하는 온대성 작물로써 주변에서 손쉽게 볼 수 있다. 이국적인 특징을 가지고 있으며 최근 고소득작물로 대부분 종자가 비싼 값으로 수입되고 있다. 현재 약 70%정도가 강원도에서 재배되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 새로운 유전형질을 가진 개채의 선발과 현존하는 파프리카 품종을 육성하는데 있다. 파프리카의 약배양 실험은 강원대학교 원예학과에서 하였으며 옥외 실험은 화천에서 실시하였다. 현재 널리 재배되고 있는 품종인Derby, Debora, Fiesta, Special, Bossanova, Minipaprika, Clarity, Kufrah, Boogie, Phenlene를 약배양을 하였는데 Kufrah가 69.8%로 가장 높은 캘러스 형성율을 보였으며 재분화율은 Phenlene(2.67%)가 가장 높았으며 다음으로 Bossanova(2.41%)품종이었다. 이것은 모식물(donor plant)의 유전형이 약배양에 있어 중요하다는 것을 보여준다. 약배양을 통해 얻어진 314개체는 형태학적과 세포학적인 특성 조사를 한 결과 25% 묘가 반수체로서 2배체에 비해 낮은 초장과 절간 특징을 보였으며 작은 잎 구조와 화기, 기공크기를 가졌다. 또한 대체적으로 활력이 없었다. 과실도 크기가 작았으며 종자가 거의 없었다. 그리고 많은 용해성 고형물을 가지고 있었다. 이중 3개체가 웅성불임성이 관찰되었다. 배수성을 검정하기 위해 flow-cytometry로 뿌리끝 조직을 관찰하여 염색체 수를 확인하였다. 기공의 크기는 반수체와 2배체 사이에 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다.각 나라에서 이미 생육 평가(초장, 마디수, 마디색, 성숙도)와 화기와 과실의 특성(개화일수, 착과일수, 과실형태, 과실색깔, 경와, 배꼽굴곡) 그리고 수량에 관련된 요소(과실의 평균 무게, 식물 개체당 과실 수확량, 과실당 종자수)가 이미 밝혀진 123가지의 내혼 계통이 국외로부터 수집되었는데 그 중에 계통에 따라서 다양한 식물체와 과실, 그리고 수량 특성이 관찰되었다. 17종류의 계통은 높은 TSS함량(10.0%이상)을 가지고 있었으며 그 중 #133과 #91은 각각 11.8%, 11.7%의 함량을 보였다. 4계통(SP48, C01541, KNU3002, and SP142)은 두꺼운 과피(6.0mm이상)를 가지고 있었다. 따라서 재배에 적합한 계통으로 SP8, SP20, SP21, SP41, SP91, SP115, SP124, SP142, SP143, KNU1009가 선발되었다. 이러한 특성을 이용한 계통선발은 다양한 계통의 동정과 순계 선발에 있어서 유용할 뿐만 아니라 육종가에게 우수한 육종 소재를 제공해줄 것으로 추측된다. 38가지의 모본계통과 29가지의 부본계통을 교잡하여 133가지 조합의 잡종 종자를 얻었다. 그 중 4가지 조합은 종자가 없는 과실이었다. 이 잡종들은 비닐하우스에서 2007년과 2008년, 4월 마지막 주부터 10월까지 재배되었다. 각 식물마다 3개의 방아다리로 관리하였고 관비와 관수는 점적관수 방법을 이용하였다. 위의 양친으로부터 교잡해서 나온 F1은 다음과 같은 특징을 보였다 ; 작은 것과 큰 과실을 가진 개체를 교배할 경우 중간크기의 과실을 가진 F1이 나온다. 빨간색과 노란색 과실의 경우 전부 빨간색계통이며 오렌지색과 노란색의 경우는 전부 노란색을 가진 형질을 보였다. 둥근것과 볼록한 형질 사이에서는 중간 형태의 과실이 나왔다. 이런 모든 잡종 계통들은 각각 2007,08년도에 평가 되어 졌는데 그 중에 30 계통이 우수한 형질을 보였다. 2007년에 Special과 President의 교잡종이 대조군과 같은 조건으로 재배되었다. 그에 반에 2008년에는 11개의 상업적 품종인 Derby, Debla, Fiero, Special, Cupra, Fiesta, Jirisan, Maserati, Boogie, Plenty, President 를 위의 실험군 품종과 비교하기 위해 재배하였다. 우수한 과실형태와 맛, 두꺼운 과피, 높은 TSS함량과, 수확량 즉 잡종강세를 가진 특성을 기초로 하여 가장 우수한 교잡계통인 KNU1017(SP27), 5AVS5(SP27), 5AVS8(SP48), 5AVS7(SP45), 5AVS8(SP45), SP27(SP25), SP12(SP38)을 선발하였다. 이러한 잡종강세를 가진 계통들의 수확량은 각각 86%, 42%, 85%, 130%, 21%, 67% 그리고 126% 였다. 이중에서 5AVS5(SP27)은 노란색 과실을 가지고 있었다. 게다가 5AVS1(SP43)은 미니파프리카 타입으로 높은 TSS함량, 풍미, 원뿔과실모양을 보였다. 다른 계통인 KNU2006(SP14), KNU1006(SP14), KNU1009(SP27), KNU1015(SP32), 5AVS7(SP10), 5AVS8(SP32), 5AVS7(SP34), 5AVS7(SP27), 5AVS7(SP32), 5AVS8(SP10), 5AVS8(SP51), SP10(SP11), SP11(SP27), KNU1015(SP27)은 TSS함량과 과실내 종자수 간에 상관관계가 있었다. 즉 종자수가 감소할수록 높은 TSS함량과 풍미를 보였다. Sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a warm season crop that belongs to the solanaceae family. It is a fast emerging vegetable and cash crop in Korea where seeds are quite expensive and most of the growing cultivars are exotic. Seventy percent of growing area is under Kangwon Do in summer season crop. The main objective of this study was to create and select new genotypes of sweet pepper equal or better than the existing hybrid cultivars. Anther culture was performed in Kangwon National University, Horticulture Laboratory and rests of the field experiment were performed in Hwacheon area. The anthers of widely grown hybrid cultivars (Derby, Debora, Fiesta, Special, Bossanova, Minipaprika, Clarity, Kufrah, Boogie, and Phenlene) were used in anther culture, where cultivar Kufrah had the highest percentage of callus formation (69.8%) but the percentage of plant regeneration were higher in Phenlene (2.67%) followed by Bossanova (2.41%). Even though there is the effect of genotype of donor plants on the success of anther culture, plantlets could be developed from all of these genotypes. These anther culture derived three hundred fourteen plantlets were morphologically and cytologically characterized. Twenty five percent plantlets were haploid which had shorter height and internodes, smaller leaves, plant structure, flower buds, fruit and stomata size, weak and poor in vigor and mostly seedless fruits with high total soluble solid contents as compared to diploid plants. Five plants were found male sterile. To determine the ploidy level of the plants obtained from in vitro anther culture, chromosome counts in root tip squashes and flow-cytometery were used. Differences in stomata length was also noticed between haploid and diploid plant. One hundred twenty three inbred lines were characterized on vegetative parameter; plant height, number of nodes to first branch, nodal color, maturity, flower and fruit characteristics; days to flowering, fruit set, fruit shape, fruit color, stalk cavity, apex grove, yield parameter; average weight of fruit, yield per plant, and number of seeds per fruit. These inbred lines were collected from abroad, inside the country and developed in the university in the past years. Variation on vegetative, fruit, and yield characteristics was observed. Among them, seventeen lines were recorded with higher TSS content (>10.0%) where SP133, and SP91 had TSS 11.8% and 11.7% respectively. Four lines (SP48, C01541, KNU3002, and SP142) had thicker pericarp (>6.0 mm).With respect to their over all performance, SP8, SP20, SP21, SP41, SP91, SP115, SP124, SP142, SP143, and KNU1009 were selected as superior inbred lines for cultivation. This characterization will help to identify the variety and to maintain purity in future. Beside this, it will provide the information to the breeders on the Sweet pepper varietal improvement work. Thirty eight female lines and twenty nine male lines were crossed and hybrid seeds of one hundred twenty nine combinations were collected. These hybrid lines were grown in plastic house condition on field soil from last week of April to October in 2007 and 2008. Training and pruning were done by keeping three stems per plant. Nutrient and water were supplied through drip irrigation. The effect of crossing between male and female parents to the expression of characteristics in F1 showed that; when small and big sized fruiting plants were crossed, F1 plants beard medium sized fruits, between red and yellow color, all red color, between orange and yellow all yellow color fruits, between round and lamuyo fruits it became glamour shaped fruits. Most of the hybrid lines were evaluated in 2007 and 2008. Among the hybrid lines, thirty lines showed superior performance. In the first year, only hybrid cultivars; special and President, were grown as a control whereas in 2008, eleven commercial hybrid cultivars (Derby, Debla, Fiero, Special, Cupra, Fiesta, Jirisan, Maserati, Boogie, Plenty, and President) were grown for comparison. On the basis of good shape, taste, thick pericarp, high total soluble solid content, yield, and heterosis, seven hybrid lines; KNU1017(SP27), 5AVS5(SP27), 5AVS8(SP48), 5AVS7(SP45), 5AVS8(SP45), SP27(SP25) and SP12(SP38) were found superior, and selected for cultivation. These hybrid lines had heterosis on yield were 86%, 42%, 85%, 130%, 21%, 67%, and 126% respectively. Among them, 5AVS5(SP27) had yellow fruit and the rest were red. In addition to this, 5AVS1(SP43) had shown excellent performance as a minipaprika type containing high TSS, good taste, and conical shape. The other promising lines were KNU2006(SP14), KNU1006(SP14), KNU1009(SP27), KNU1015(SP32), 5AVS7(SP10), 5AVS8(SP32), 5AVS7(SP34), 5AVS7(SP27), 5AVS7(SP32), 5AVS8(SP10), 5AVS8(SP51), SP10(SP11), SP11(SP27), and KNU1015(SP27).

Anti-amyloidogenic effect of ethanol extract from the mixture of leaves and stem of Mallotus japonicus (L. F.) Müll. Arg. on β-amyloid induced memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Abinash Chandra, Shrestha 우석대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

Kerberos based authentication for inter-domain roaming in heterogeneous wireless network

Shrestha, Anish Prasad Chosun Univ. 2010 국내석사

ARD1 regulates cell motility mediated by acetylation of tubulin

Shrestha Lekha 서울대학교 대학원 2011 국내박사

(A) STUDY ON NEPALESE STUDENTS IN SOUTH KOREA: PULL FACTORS, PROBLEMS, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

SHRESTHA, MADHUKAR 아주대학교 Graduate School of International Studies Ajo 2017 국내석사

South Korea, the trend of accepting the international students was put into effect only after early 2000 and Nepalese students also started to arrive as international students in Korea during this period and Society of Nepalese Student in South Korea was formed in 2004. The literature review has showed that Nepalese student population in South Korea has a unique feature in comparison to Nepalese students going to other countries like Japan, Australia or USA as most of them are enrolled in graduate and Ph.D. level where as undergraduate students population is more on other countries. Furthermore international student population in Korea also shows that most of the students are enrolled in undergraduate or language courses. The major pull factors for students to come to Korea were due to the scholarship opportunity, for the research and specialization, to earn a foreign degree and low expense at the first as students. For the students who receive scholarship research and specialization is the main pull factor whereas for most of the self- financed students have agreed that they came to Korea to earn foreign degree. Along with this, the self- financed students have agreed that they come to Korea as the expense of coming to Korea in the very beginning as a student is cheaper. The students have agreed to all of the factors as the difficulties they have faced in Korea but ‘lack of part-time work’, ‘Visa extension procedures’ and ‘financing the studies’ was emphasized as strongly agreed difficulties by the self- financed students. Most of the Nepalese students do not see a future in Korea and students have responded to either ‘studying further outside South Korea’ or ‘return back to Nepal as their future plan. Korean government is although trying its best to make the country more open towards the foreign student by creating different scholarship and policies like “study Korea project 2020” but still the number of Nepalese students seem to be very less. The interest of Nepalese student towards Korea seems to be increasing but it still lags way behind in global market for the Nepalese student.

Molecular mechanism of LETM1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in human lung carcinoma

Shrestha, Robin 충남대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

Yeast Mdm38p의 상동체인 Leucine zipper-, Ef-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1)은 울프-허쉬호른 증후군에서 결실된 유전자를 밝혀내려는 시도에서 클로닝되었다. 이것은 마이토콘드리아 내막의 필수 단백질이며 마이토콘드리아 형태, 이온 항상성, 세포 생존력을 조절한다. 더욱이, 이 단백질은 폐를 포함한 다양한 암 조직에서 과발현이 된다. 자가포식은 세포질내의 물질을 영양분 (특히 아미노산)이 결핍되거나 다른 스트레스 요인 상태일 때 라이소좀에 의한 분해 방식에 의존적인 분해과정이다. 손상된 마이토콘드리아에 대한 선택적인 자가포식을 mitophagy라 한다. 마이토콘드리아의 기능장애, mitophagy와 세포사멸은 많은 인간 폐암 종에서 상호 연관되어있다. 우리의 연구에서는 LETM1이 과발현된 폐암세포에서 막전위의 감소로 인해 분열된 마이토콘드리아와 Mito-red와 같은 곳에 위치한 GFP-LC3 반점의 축적을 발견했고, 이것은 마이토콘드리아의 기능장애와 mitophagy가 연관되어있음을 가리킨다. 그러므로 우리는 비소형세포 폐암에서 LETM1의 과발현에 의한 마이토콘드리아 기능과 mitophagy에서의 LETM1의 역할을 연구하고 마이토콘드리아의 기능과 mitophagy의 표지를 분석했다. 또 우리는 단백체, 지질체, 인산화된 단백체 분석을 통해 mitophagy에서의 역할을 규명하였으며, 마이토콘드리아의 기능장애와 mitophagy를 유도하는, LETM1과 상호작용하는 다른 중요한 매개체를 찾아보았다.

Studies on the phenotype and function of neutrophils in sepsis and tumor microenvironment

Shrestha, Sanjeeb 한림대학교 대학원 2017 국내박사

Part I Excessive or dysregulated functions of neutrophils and recruitment of more neutrophils are considered responsible for the pathogenesis of sepsis. To understand the role of neutrophil during sepsis, I hypothesized that autophagy is responsible for the activation of neutrophils. To investigate this, neutrophils were isolated from community acquired pneumonia-induced septic patients and the functions of neutrophils were examined. Neutrophils were isolated from septic patients who have been admitted to the intensive care units. The morphology, the expression of phenotypic surface markers, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, granule release, and autophagy were examined. Neutrophils isolated from septic patients showed decreased mean lobe counts and represented by CD16bright 62dim subsets. Further, sepsis neutrophils have increased NETs formation and degranulation markers in response to subsequent stimulation. Interestingly, I found that autophagy is responsible for the priming effect of sepsis neutrophils. Moreover, sepsis neutrophils from non-survivor of sepsis showed impairment in autophagy with decreased NETs formation. Together, these results identified the important insights into the role of autophagy in neutrophils during sepsis. Part II Neutrophils release different types of extracellular vesicles with diverse biological activities in response to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophil-derived microvesicles are highly bactericidal and modulate the function of other immune cells. Neutrophils also deposit chemokine-containing extracellular vesicles known as the trails, which guides the influenza-specific CD8+ T cells to the site of infection. Although these neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles have diverse functions ranging from the immune modulation to antimicrobial activity, their specific characterization has not been fully understood. Here, I studied the differences in functions of two major neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles, microvesicles and trails. I investigated the effects of different stimulants on microvesicles and trails formation. Various stimulants such as chemoattractants, inflammatory cytokines, and bacteria induced the generation of microvesicles and trails from neutrophils. Both microvesicles and trails had direct bactericidal activity and induced chemotaxis of monocytes. This study suggests that trails and microvesicles are populations of extracellular vesicles with similar functions. Part III Hypersegmentation of nuclei is considered to be a distinct characteristic of the antitumoral phenotype of neutrophils. Previously, angiotensin II induces polarization of immune cells. The inhibition of angiotensin II induces hypersegmentation in neutrophils. Also, Retinoic acid, a metabolite of retinol, is known to reorganize nucleus and induces segmentation of nucleus during differentiation of neutrophils. However, the role of angiotensin II inhibition and retinoic acid in phenotype polarization of neutrophils has not been fully studied. In the current study, I investigated the effect of angiotensin II inhibitors and retinoic acid on phenotype polarization of neutrophils. Angiotensin II inhibition and Retinoic acid induced hypersegmentation of human neutrophils via mTOR pathways. Retinoic acid-induced hypersegmented neutrophils showed enhanced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in response to subsequent phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation and showed increased cytotoxicity against tumor cells. These results suggest the possible effect of angiotensin II and retinoic acid on the phenotype polarization of neutrophils.

NMR and X-ray crystallographic studies on Noxa1/Noxo1 complex and NAC transcription factor

Shrestha, Pravesh Graduate School, Yonsei University 2017 국내박사

식세포 NADPH 산화 효소와 유사한 NOX1 (NADPH 산화 효소)은 대장 상피에서 주로 발현되며 ROS (reactive oxygen species)를 생성함으로써 미생물 감염에 대한 숙주 방어를 담당한다. NOX1은 Noxo1 (NOX Organizer 1) 과 Noxa1 (NOX activator 1) 이종이량체를 형성하는 두 개의 조절 세포질 단백질에 의해 활성화된다. Noxa1과 Noxo1사이의 상호작용은 NOX1의 활성화에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 Noxa1과 Noxo1 사이의 상호 작용에 대한 구조 연구는 현재까지 보고 된 바 없다. 따라서, 우리는 Pull-down assay와 핵자기공명 분광법을 사용하여 Noxa1의 SH3 domain과 Noxo1 사이의 분자간 상호 작용을 연구했다. 15N/13C 로 labeled된 Noxa1의 SH3 domain은 hetero-nuclear 핵자기공명 분광법 실험 (HNCACB, CBCACONH, HNCA, HNCO 및 HSQC)을 위해 정제되었다. Noxa1 SH3 domain의 backbone assignment 데이터를 이용한 TALOS 분석은 그 구조가 주로 β-sheet로 구성됨을 보여 주었다. Noxo1과 Noxa1 사이의 Pull-down assay에서 얻어진 데이터는 SH3 domain (Noxa1)이 Proline rich region (PRR)을 포함하는 Noxo1 C-말단 꼬리와의 상호 작용을 담당하고 있음을 보여 주었다. Noxa1에 대한 Noxo1 C- 말단 꼬리의 농도 의존적 적정은 RT 루프에서 특히 Noxo1: Q407*, H408, S409, A412 *, G414 *, E416, D417, L418 및 F420; n-Src 루프 : C430, E431 *, V432 *, A435, W436 및 L437; 그리고 말단 영역 : I447; F448 *, F452 * 및 V454가 Noxa1과 상호 작용한다는 것을 보여준다. 이 같은 결과는 분자 수준에서 Noxa1과 Noxo1 사이의 상호 작용에 대한 상세한 이해를 제공하고, 세포질 활성 - 매개 기능뿐만 아니라 NOX1 복합체에서 Noxo1의 C-말단 꼬리의 조절 역할에 대한 통찰력을 제공 할 것이다. NOX1 (NADPH oxidase) similar to phagocyte NADPH oxidase, is expressed mainly in the colon epithelium and it is responsible for host defense against microbial infections by generating ROS (reactive oxygen species). NOX1 is activated by two regulatory cytosolic proteins that form a hetero-dimer, Noxo1 (NOX organizer 1) and Noxa1 (NOX activator 1). The interaction between Noxa1 and Noxo1 is critical for activating NOX1. However no structural studies for interaction between Noxa1 and Noxo1 has not been reported till date. Here, we studied the inter-molecular interaction between the SH3 domain of Noxa1 and Noxo1 using pull-down assay and NMR spectroscopy. 15N/13C-labeled SH3 domain of Noxa1 has been purified for hetero-nuclear NMR experiments (HNCACB, CBCACONH, HNCA, HNCO, and HSQC). TALOS analysis using backbone assignment data of the Noxa1 SH3 domain showed that the structure primarily consists of β-sheets. Data from pull-down assay between the Noxo1 and Noxa1 showed that the SH3 domains (Noxa1) is responsible for interaction with Noxo1 C-terminal tail harboring proline rich region (PRR). The concentration-dependent titration of the Noxo1 C-terminal tail to Noxa1 shows that Noxo1 particularly in the RT loop: Q407*, H408, S409, A412*, G414*, E416, D417, L418, and F420; n-Src loop: C430, E431*, V432*, A435, W436, and L437; and terminal region: I447; F448*, F452* and V454 interact with Noxa1. Our results will provide a detailed understanding for interaction between Noxa1 and Noxo1 at the molecular level, providing insights into their cytoplasmic activity-mediated functioning as well as regulatory role of C-terminal tail of Noxo1 in the NOX1 complex.