부모의 자율성지지 및 심리적 통제와 자녀의 심리사회적 적응의 관계 : 자녀의 자기조절양식의 매개효과

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to find out the mediating effects of adolescent’s self-regulation mode and volitional inhibition mode as two variables on the relationships between parental psychological control and autonomy support and the adolescent’s psychosocial adaptation.
To verify this study, questionnaires which contained perceived parental autonomy support, psychological control, self-regulation, volitional inhibition mode, self-esteem, depression and positive interpersonal relationship were carried out among 627 students between the age of 12 and 21. The parental autonomy support scale made in the study of Soenens et al.(2007) was used after translation and then back translation, This parental autonomy support scale was composed of two variables. The one was the promotion of independence( PI), and the other the promotion of volitional function (PVF). This scale was validated and the result was that PI and PVF had one factor structure.
The model was configured separately father and mother because there was very high degree of correlation between father’s and mother’s parenting practices.
The results are as follows.
First, the complete mediation model was more appropriate to explain the relationship between the autonomy support, the self-regulation, the adolescent’s psyosocial adaptation than the partial mediation model as a result of analysis of the structural model. This means that improving children’s self-regulation has a positive effect on their psychosocial adaptation rather than father’s and mother’s autonomy support has an effect on their children's psychosocial adaptation directly.
Second, children’s volitional inhibition mode mediated father’s and mother’s autonomy support and their children's psychosocial adaptation. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between father’s and mother’s autonomy support and volitional inhibition mode. This result was not expected. It seemed that PI factor in autonomy support scale had on effect on the the whole autonomy support scale. I assumed that children developed volitional inhibition mode rather than appropriate self-regulating because the children who not ready for independent, recognized PI of parents as oppression.
Third, father’s and mother’s psychological control had an effect on adolescent’s psychosocial adaptation by partially mediating effects of children’s volitional inhibition mode. It means that psychologically controlling parenting style increases volitional inhibition mode, and it makes psychosocial adaptation worse. At the same time father’s and mother’s psychological control had a negative effect on adolescent’s psychosocial adaptation directly.
This study has its meaning, compared to the precedent research, in the way that it shows clearly the structural relationship which autonomy-support parenting style and psychologically controlling parenting style have an effect on children’s psychosocial adaptation by mediating effects of their self-regulation and volitional inhibition mode. Especially, this study result that parental psychological control have an effect on adolescent’s psychosocial adaptation through volitional inhibition mode which is inefficient self-regulating form has not been reported in the Korean literature. Also, the parenting style that support the autonomy has lower effect than psychological control on adolescent’s psychosocial adaptation. This means that parenting which do not psychological control is more important than parenting which support the autonomy.
This has significant implications for the parents and education officials.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구의 목적은 부모가 자녀에 대한 자율성 지지와 심리적으로 통제하는 양육방식이 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 미치는 영향에 있어 자녀의 자기조절과 의지적 억제 양식이 매개변인으로 작용하는지를 확인하기 위한 것이었다. 연구 모형에서는 부모의 자율성 지지와 심리적 통제가 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 이르는 직접 경로와 자기조절과 의지적 억제를 통하여 영향을 미치는 간접 경로 모두를 설정하였다. 연구를 위해 학생 627명에게 지각된 부모의 자율성지지, 심리적 통제, 자기조절, 의지적 억제 양식, 자존감, 우울, 긍정적 대인관계척도로 구성된 설문을 실시하였다. 심리사회적 적응을 측정하기위하여 자존감, 우울, 긍정적 대인관계 척도를 사용하였다. 자율성지지척도는 Soenens 등(2007)의 연구에서 사용된 척도를 번안하여 사용하였다. 이 척도는 부모의 자율성 지지의 개념을 독립 촉진하기(promotion of independence; PI, 이하 PI)와 의지적 기능 촉진하기(promotion of volitional functioning;PVF, 이하 PVF)로 구성하였다. 척도 타당화 결과, PI, PVF 두 요인은 하나의 요인 구조가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 모형은 부와 모의 양육방식 사이에 상관이 매우 높아 부와 모를 따로 구성하였다.
연구 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 부와 모의 자율성 지지, 자기조절, 자녀의 심리사회적 적응 간의 구조적 관계에서는 부분매개모형보다는 완전매개모형이 더 적합함이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 부와 모의 자녀에 대한 자율성 지지가 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 직접적으로 영향을 미치기 보다는 자녀의 자기조절 능력을 높여줌으로써 간접적으로 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 긍정적 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다.
둘째, 부와 모의 자율성 지지는 자녀의 의지적 억제 양식을 매개로하여 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부와 모의 자율성 지지는 의지적 억제양식과 정적인 상관을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구자는 부모의 자율성 지지가 의지적 억제와는 부적인 상관이 있을 것으로 예상하였으나, 이와는 다른 연구결과였다. 이러한 결과가 나온 이유는 자율성 지지 척도 내에 있는 PI적인 요소 때문인 것으로 보인다. 독립할 준비가 되어있지 않은 자녀가 부모의 독립 촉진을 강압으로 인식함으로써 적절한 자기조절을 발달시키기보다 비효율적인 자기조절양식인 의지적 억제 양식을 발달시킨 것으로 추정된다.
셋째, 부와 모의 심리적 통제는 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 자녀의 의지적 억제 양식을 부분 매개로 하여 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 자녀를 심리적으로 통제하려는 양육방식이 자녀의 의지적 억제 양식을 증가시키고 그것은 다시 자녀의 심리사회적 적응을 낮춘다는 것을 의미하며, 동시에 모의 심리적 통제는 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 직접적으로 부적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 나타내고 있다.

본 연구의 가장 큰 의의는 부모가 자녀의 자율성을 지지하는 양육과 심리적으로 통제하는 양육방식이 자기조절과 의지적 억제 양식을 매개하여 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 영향을 미친다는 구조적관계를 명확하게 보여준 것이다. 특히 의지적 억제 양식이라는 비효율적인 자기조절 양식을 통하여 부모의 심리적 통제가 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 영향을 미친다는 연구결과는 이전까지는 국내에서 보고되지 않은 것이었다. 또한 부모의 자율성지지 양육방식은 자녀의 심리사회적 적응에 미치는 효과가 심리적 통제보다 작은 것으로 나타나 자율성을 지지하는 양육방식도 중요하지만 심리적으로 통제하지 않는 양육방식이 그 이상으로 중요하다는 것을 보여주었다. 이는 자녀를 양육하는 부모들과 교육자관계자들에게 시사하는 바가 크다 하겠다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제 7
• 3. 용어의 정의 7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 10
• 1. 부모의 양육방식 10
• 2. 심리사회적 적응 15
• 3. 자기조절 20
• 4. 자기결정성이론 30
• 5. 부모의 자율성지지(PI, PVF)와 심리적 통제, 자녀의 자기조절, 의지적 억제,
• 자녀의 심리사회적 적응 간의 구조적 관계 32
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 35
• 1. 연구대상 35
• 2. 측정도구 35
• 3. 자료분석 38
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 39
• 1. 자율성 지지척도 구인타당도 39
• 2. 부모의 자율성 지지, 심리적 통제, 자녀의 자기조절, 의지적 억제,
• 자녀의 심리사회적 적응 간의 구조적 관계 46
• Ⅴ. 논의 57
• 1. 논의 57
• 2. 연구의 시사점 62
• 3. 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구 제안 64
• 참고문헌 65
• 부 록 79
• 영문요약 90

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