유아의 자기조절 구성 요인에 관한 연구 = Structural Analysis of Factors and Related Variables of Self-regulation in Young Children

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 선행연구들을 기초로 자기조절(self-regulation)에 대한 개념(concept)을 정의(define)해보고 미와 관련하여 자기조절의 구성요인(construct)을 밝혀보고자 하였다. 문헌연구를 통해 개념적으로 자기조절의 구성요인을 설정한 후 이와 관련된 문항을 선정하여 내용타당도를 확인한 후 2차에 걸친 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 1차 예비조사에서 수집된 설문지 369부를 대상으로 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 4요인 50문항을 선정하였고, 2차 본조사에서 수집된 180문항을 다시 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 통해 최종적으로 4요인 31문항을 개발하였다. 자기조절 구성요일간의 관계에 대한 분석결과 자기조절은 자기점검과 자기통제의 하위요인으로 구성되며, 자기점검 요인은 자기평가(5문항), 자기결정(7문항)이라는 하위 구성요인을 가지며, 자기통제 구성요인은 행동억제(10문항)와 정서성(7문항)이라는 하위 구성요인을 포함하는 젓으로 나타났다. 또한 자기통제와 자기점검은 서로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The self-regulation is a key developmental task for early childhood education. Nevertheless, existing research on self-regulation presents many limitations including the use of confusing terminology regarding young children"s ability to self-regulate as well as a wide variety of constructs proposed by different researchers. As a result, important questions such as what factors compose self-regulation. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the concept and composing factors of self-regulation in the early childhood. To this purpose, the following research questions were selected. 1. What factors comprise self-regulation? 2. What is the relationship among the factors that comprise self-regulation? The hypotheses established to identify the factors that comprise self-regulation were that 1) The self-regulation consists of the 4 sub-factors i.e. self-appraisal, self-determination, behavior inhibition and emotionality, that 2) The 4 sub-factors in turn comprise the two higher-level factors of self-control and self monitoring and that 3) The sub-factors for self-regulation show a strong correlation among themselves. The method used to verify these hypotheses was to analyze related literature to select questions explaining the 4 sub-factors and to conduct preliminary and main surveys of parents. Exploratory factor analysis was used during the preliminary survey stage and both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used during the main survey stage to analyze the feasibility of the sub-factors comprising the self-regulation and the relationship between the sub-factors. The study of factors comprising the self-regulation can be summarized as follows. 1. The self-regulation consists of two factors, which in turn consist of 4 sub-factors. The exploratory factor analysis of the factors comprising the self-regulation showed that the self-regulation consists of the 4 sub-factors of self-appraisal, self-determination, behavior inhibition and emotionality. An exploratory factor analysis of the 4 sub-factors showed that emotionality and behavior inhibition were distinguished as factor 1 while self-determination and self-appraisal were distinguished as factor 2. Factor 1 is self-control and factor 2 is self-monitoring. 2. The factors comprising the self-regulation are highly correlated. A confirmatory factor analysis of sub-factors comprising the self--regulation show that sub-factor self-appraisal was correlated to sub-factor self-determination by .43, to sub-factor behavior inhibition by .31 and to sub-factor emotionality by .31. Sub-factor self-determination was correlated to sub-factor behavior inhibition by .49 and to emotionality by .35. The correlation between sub-factor behavior inhibition and emotionality was .52. To summarize, the sub-factors under self-control showed the highest level of correlation followed by the correlation between sub-factor self-determination under self-monitoring and sub-factor behavior inhibition under self-control. The sub-factors under self-monitoring were also highly correlated. A high--level of correlation between sub-factors indicates a high possibility of mutual influence and therefore, self-monitoring and self-control, identified as factors of the ability of self-regulation, were found to influence each other.