An empirical analysis of the determinants of agricultural official development assistance

Ji, Seon-U,Lim, Song Soo Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2018 Zemědělská ekonomika Vol.64 No.5

<P>The aim of this study was to analyse the determining factors of official development assistance (ODA) provided to the agricultural and food sectors. Lack of empirical research on this type of ODA makes this study stand out from the sea of qualitative approaches. By analysing the agricultural sectors and the views of aid recipient countries, this paper provides evidence-based explanations for the aid flows between donor and recipient countries. Using disbursement ODA data covering 141 countries over 2002-2012, we devise and estimate a gravity model. Heckman’s two-step approach is adopted to address a potential bias arising from the selection of aid recipient countries. The estimated results confirm that agricultural aid is mainly governed by the needs of the recipient countries with regard to factors such as undernourishment and food inadequacy rates, depth of food deficits and political circumstances. As expected, the results indicate that food aid is influenced mostly by humanitarian factors. </P>

Quantitative analysis of hydrocephalic ventricular alterations in Yorkshire terriers using magnetic resonance imaging

Woo, D-C,Choi, C-B,Nam, J-W,Ryu, K-N,Jahng, G-H,Lee, S-H,Lee, D-W,Kim, S-Y,Kim, H-Y,Ahn, K-J,Choe, B-Y Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2010 VETERINARNI MEDICINA -PRAHA- Vol.55 No.3

<P>The purpose of this work was to evaluate hydrocephalic ventricular changes using three quantitative analysis methods. The height, area and volume of the ventricles and brain were measured in 20 Yorkshire terriers (10 normal and 10 hydrocephalic dogs) using low-field MR imaging (at 0.2 Tesla). All measurements were averaged and the relative ventricle size was defined as a percentage (percent size of the ventricle/size of the brain). The difference between normal and hydrocephalic dogs was statistically significant for the average of each ventricle as well as for the percentage value. Five hydrocephalic symptoms were identified: circling, head tilting, seizures, ataxia, and strabismus. With respect to height, area and volume of the brain/ventricle, the difference between normal and hydrocephalic dogs was not significant. The ventricle/brain with height (1D) was related to the area (2D) and volume (3D). The correlations with area and volume were as good as the ventricle/brain height ratio in the case of hydrocephalic dogs. Therefore, one-, two- and three-dimensional quantitative methods may be complementary. We expect that the stage of hydrocephalic symptoms can be classified if statistical significance for ventricular size among symptoms is determined with the analysis of a large number of hydrocephalic cases.</P>

Surgical model of osteoarthritis secondary to medial patellar luxation in dogs

Alam, M.R.,Lee, H.B.,Kim, M.S.,Kim, N.S. Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2011 VETERINARNI MEDICINA -PRAHA- Vol.56 No.3

<P>This study was performed to make a surgical model of osteoarthritis (OA) in the dog. Experimental medial patellar luxation (MPL) was surgically produced in the left stifle (index) of 24 skeletally mature mixed small breed dogs (age two to six years and weight 2.8 to 9 kg). The animals were randomly allocated in 2 groups; sham group (n = 12), where the right stifle was sham operated and control group (n = 12) with intact right stifle. Physical and radiographic examinations of both stifles were performed at 1.5 months intervals over a one-year experimental period. One dog was euthanatized every three months, and both stifles were explored, gross examination was performed and tissue samples from the articular cartilage, cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and synovium were collected for histomorphology. The clinical signs of OA were obvious in the experimental dogs by 12 weeks of surgical induction of MPL, which was also evidenced in the histopathology of the joint tissues and electron microscopy of the articular cartilage. The radiographic changes of OA were not obvious until remarkable degenerative changes became abvious six months postoperatively. Surgically induced MPL can be a successful tool for experimental induction of OA in dogs.</P>

Reconstruction of the oesophagus using pedicle diaphragm and omentum flaps in a dog: a case report

Lee, H.B.,Alam, M.R.,Kim, N.S. Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2008 VETERINARNI MEDICINA -PRAHA- Vol.53 No.4

<P>A two-years-old, intact female, Shih-Tzu dog weighing 5 kg was presented to the Chonbuk Animal Medical Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, with the history of bone ingestion before two days. The survey radiographs of the thorax revealed a bone at the caudal thoracic oesophagus. An oesophagram was performed which did not reveal any oesophageal leakage or perforation. The left caudolateral thoracotomy was performed and the caudal oesophagus was found partially necrosed, friable and inflamed. The necrosed, friable part was removed and the oesophageal defect was reconstructed using a full-thickness muscle flap collected from the diaphragm. A part of the omentum was mobilized from the abdomen and sutured over the reconstructed site of the oesophagus to aid healing. Oesophagoscopy after nine days postoperatively showed a good adhesion of the diaphragm flap. The patient showed normal activity after 12 days and no complications were observed during a one-year follow up period. The pedicle flap collected from the left hemidiaphragm in addition to the omentum flap can be successfully used to reconstruct the circumferential oesophageal defect.</P>

An exploratory analysis of payoffs for the lifetime mortgage of farming assets and its policy implications

Park, G.H.,Cho, D. Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2014 Zemědělská ekonomika Vol.60 No.9

<P>This study discusses and calibrates a pioneered model of estimating the payoffs for the farming-asset pension (FAP), which is to comprehensively integrate the components of farming assets into the recently implemented farmland pension (FP) in South Korea. The FP was introduced first in the world so that farmland may be liquidated by the lifetime mortgage of farmland. However, it differs from conventional lifetime or reverse mortgages because its annuity program is implemented by the government according to the actuarial model whose variables are adjustable from the viewpoint of the elderly welfare. By introducing a simple standard of comprehensive farming assets into the FP model, the FAP model augments this social security measure, the step-by-step improvement of which is also expected to formulate the future policy implications of regional economic revitalisation as well as the elderly welfare for other countries. &nbsp;</P>

Prevalence of brucellosis in ruminants in Bangladesh

Rahman, MS,Faruk, MO,Her, M.,Kim, JY,Kang, SI,Jung, SC Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2011 VETERINARNI MEDICINA -PRAHA- Vol.56 No.8

<P>The prevalence of brucellosis was determined in the ruminants (buffaloes, cattle, sheep and goats) of five different districts viz. Bagerhat, Bogra, Gaibangha, Mymensingh and Sirajgonj of Bangladesh. A total of 550 sera samples of 105 buffaloes, 188 cattle, 127 goats and 130 sheep were screened by RBT and were further confirmed with I-ELISA. A structured questionnaire was used to collect epidemiological information on the animals. The overall serological prevalence derived from the samples was 2.87% in buffaloes, 2.66% in cattle, 3.15% in goats, and 2.31% in sheep. The prevalence was relatively higher in females than that in males in cattle, goats and sheep but, an insignificantly higher prevalence was observed in males than that in females in the case of buffalo. A significant association was found between abortion or age and occurrence of brucellosis (P &lt; 0.01). The results of the study provide (a) a comparison of the prevalence of brucellosis in different livestock species in Bangladesh, (b) constitute baseline data for further study of Brucella infections, and (c) are a starting point for the control of brucellosis.</P>

Evaluation of equine cortical bone transplantation in a canine fracture model

Heo, S.H.,Na, C.S.,Kim, N.S. Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2011 VETERINARNI MEDICINA -PRAHA- Vol.56 No.3

<P>Freeze-dried bovine bone transplantation is commonly used for orthopaedic surgery. Equine bone, which is available in great quantity, can be obtained as easily as bovine bone, and so represents a potential source of bone for transplantation. In the present study freeze-dried equine cortical bones were transplanted into experimentally-induced fibular defects in canines to evaluate xenogenic implantation of equine bone. Cortical bones that had been freed of antigens and defatted with chloroform and methanol were freeze-dried at –80 &deg;C for preservation of bone morphogenetic protein, sterilized with ethylene oxide gas and stored at room temperature. The experimental osteotomy was performed in a 15 mm-long bilateral region of each proximal metaphyseal fibula. The area of defect in eight beagle dogs (n = 16) received a transplanted freeze-dried equine cortical implant. The control group consisting of two beagles dogs (n = 4) received an autograft of a similar implant. The experiment region was radiographically monitored for bone union and host serum osteocalcin level was determined to assess osteoblast activity every two weeks for 24 weeks. In 14 of the 16 experimental cases, the graft was not associated with new bone formation. Resorption after new bone formation and remodelling with new bone formation each occurred in a single case. The results support the potential of using freeze-dried equine cortical bones as a xenogenic bone graft material in canines.</P>

Cryosurgery and electrocautery in treatment of transmissible venereal tumours in large breed dogs: a case report

Choi, SJ,Lee, DB,Kim, NS Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2014 VETERINARNI MEDICINA -PRAHA- Vol.59 No.9

<P>Five intact male group-raised Tosa dogs were diagnosed with transmissible venereal tumours. Surgical removal with electrocautery and a cryogun was conducted because the owner wanted to maintain the fertility of the dogs. The dogs were followed up for 12 months. The surgical wounds were completely healed by five to six weeks. The dogs remained fertile without complications or recurrences. To maintain fertility in dogs suffering from transmissible venereal tumours, the combination of an electrocautery and a cryogun is suggested. </P>

Urocystitis, pyelonephritis, renal papillary necrosis and chronic tubulointerstitial disease causing chronic renal insufficiency in a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica): a case report

Lee, SW,Elfadl, AK,Chung, MJ,Arif Ullah, HM,Yuh, DK,Lee, SH,Jeong, KS,Park, JK Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences 2018 Veterinární medicína Vol.63 No.10

<P>The present case report describes a case of chronic renal failure characterised by renal medullary fibrosis and renal papillary necrosis in a male Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). A 12-year-old male Siberian tiger presented with depression, anorexia and weight loss. Blood urea nitrogen (&gt; 50.4 mmol/l) and ammonia (71.7 µmol/l) were increased, suggesting chronic renal failure and uraemia. The tiger died secondary to gastric haemorrhage. At necropsy, the kidneys had yellow lesions in the medulla and renal papillae and petechiae in the cortex. The stomach had multiple mucosal ulcers and haemorrhage. Microscopically, marked renal medullary fibrosis and renal papillary necrosis were observed with tubular atrophy, degeneration, coagulative necrosis, calcification and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. The renal cortex showed moderate interstitial inflammation. The urinary bladder exhibited epithelial desquamation and submucosal fibrosis. The tiger was diagnosed with chronic renal failure secondary to renal papillary necrosis and medullary fibrosis.</P>