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탈북민 취약계층(생계·의료)지원 현황분석 및 효과적 지원방안
김정근,전호성,한은희,서지현 남북하나재단(북한이탈주민지원재단) 2020 연구총서 Vol.- No.-
The purpose of this study is to analyze livelihoods and medical support programs for the vulnerable North-Korean Defectors and to suggest mid-to long-term developments plans. Based on micro dataset by the Hana Foundation. According to the results of empirical analysis using microdata of Hana Foundation, the livelihood support program (from 2017 to June 2020) supported a total of 1,018 people, and the total payment amount reached 820 million won, and the medical support program (July 2017 to June 2020) supported a total of 3,912 people. The total payment is 2.62 billion won. In the emergency livelihood support program, it was found that it was necessary to provide differential support according to the size of the household in order to secure the adequacy of the payment. The budget of the emergency livelihood support program tends to be exhausted early in the first half of the year because it is not sufficient compared to the needs of the target recipients. Therefore, this program tends to provide subsidies on a “first-come, first-served basis’ rather than “welfare service desire” In that the medical support program targets North Korean defectors who are experiencing difficulties in establishing a stable society due to disease it includes all North Korean defectors who are treated for diseases regardless of their income-levels. Current support programs for the vulnerable is focused only on economic support but non-financial support, such as support for strengthening the self-reliance capacity of the vulnerable group. However, to support the reinforcement of self-reliance capabilities of the vulnerable and support for emotional and psychological, non-financial support program is needed in parallel. This study suggests one vision and two strategies for mid- to long-term development of the support project for the vulnerable North Korean defectors. The vision is to support North Korean defectors to lead stable and successful lives in South Korean society. The mid- to long-term goals are economic independence and emotional and physical health stability of North Korean defectors. To achieve the mid- to long-term goals, this study proposes 10 detailed practical tasks. The emergency livelihood support program includes 9 tasks such as 1) Clarification and realization of applicant qualification condition, 2) Strengthening the principle of distribution based on the needs of consumers, 3) Reinforcement of regional Hana Center infrastructure, 4) Introduction of post management system, 5) Expanding education and services to support independent living, 6) Providing psychological and emotional support services. The medical support program has 4 tasks : 1) Enhancing the scope of support for resolving blind spots (e.g., hospitalization days and caregivers support), 2) Strengthen cooperation with medical service institutions and expand infrastructure,3) Development of social services by life cycle, 4) Establishment of psychological/emotional support system.