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Zu Hao Huang,Nai Fa Liu,Li Xun Zhang,Yi An Xiao,Jin Long 한국유전학회 2008 Genes & Genomics Vol.30 No.3
The taxonomic status of the subspecies Alectoris chukar remains unclear since 1830. To obtain more information on phylogenetic relationships within the species, the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences of eleven subspecies were analyzed to construct the phylogenetic tree among the subspecies of chukar partridge. There was a significant genetic differentiation among the subspecies with little gene flow. The phylogenetic tree grouped all the eleven subspecies into a monophyletic cluster, which included two deeply divergent phylogroups. Haplotype network was observed within A. chukar, and gene flow estimates suggest isolation among the subspecies. Our data confirmed a locality of origin (central Asia) for chukar partridge, and have clarified the relationships among the subspecies. A conventional calibration of mtDNA sequence divergence indicated an early to middle Pleistocene evolution of the main clades in A. chukar, which could have diversified in allopatry in the lowland of continental Asia. Cyclic changes in Pleistocene climate and landscape might result in subspecific divergence of chukar partridge.
Zhang, Xiang-Han,Wang, Lan-Ying,Zhai, Gao-Hong,Wen, Zhen-Yi,Zhang, Zu-Xun Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.12
A series of dimethine cyanine dyes were synthesized in a fast, efficient and high yield by the condensation of quaternary salts with 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in the presence of piperidine under solvent-free microwave irradiation. The products were identified by 1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis spectra and elemental analysis. The absorption and fluorescence properties of these dyes were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Calculations performed at a combination of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) reproduced the π-π* type absorption bands of the dyes. Regression analysis was used for studying theoretical results of the absorption maxima in different solvents. Compared with experimental counterparts, estimated overall uncertainties in the absorption maxima were about ±2%.
Xiang-Han Zhang,Lan-Ying Wang*,Gao-Hong Zhai,Zhen-Yi Wen,Zu-Xun Zhang 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.12
A series of dimethine cyanine dyes were synthesized in a fast, efficient and high yield by the condensation of quaternary salts with 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in the presence of piperidine under solvent-free microwave irradiation. The products were identified by 1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis spectra and elemental analysis. The absorption and fluorescence properties of these dyes were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Calculations performed at a combination of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) reproduced the p-p* type absorption bands of the dyes. Regression analysis was used for studying theoretical results of the absorption maxima in different solvents. Compared with experimental counterparts, estimated overall uncertainties in the absorption maxima were about ?2%.