The role of discoid domain receptor 1 on renal tubular epithelial pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy

Zhao Weichen,He Chunyuan,Jiang Junjie,Zhao Zongbiao,Yuan Hongzhong,Wang Facai,Shen Bingxiang 대한약리학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.26 No.6

Pyroptosis, a form of cell death associated with inflammation, is known to be involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and discoid domain receptor 1 (DDR1), an inflammatory regulatory protein, is reported to be associated with diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying DDR1 regulation and pyroptosis in DN remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of DDR1 on renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis and the mechanism underlying DN. In this study, we used high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells and rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin as DN models. Subsequently, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-N, Interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and interleukin-18 [IL-18]), DDR1, phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB), and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes were determined through Western blotting. IL-1β and IL-18 levels were determined using ELISA. The rate of pyroptosis was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The results revealed upregulated expression of pyroptosisrelated proteins and increased concentration of IL-1β and IL-18, accompanied by DDR1, p-NF-κB, and NLRP3 upregulation in DN rat kidney tissues and HG-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, DDR1 knockdown in the background of HG treatment resulted in inhibited expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and attenuation of IL-1β and IL-18 production and PI-positive cell frequency via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in HK-2 cells. However, NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of DDR1 knockdown on pyroptosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that DDR1 may be associated with pyroptosis, and DDR1 knockdown inhibited HG-induced renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis. The NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway is probably involved in the underlying mechanism of these findings.

Interval non-probabilistic time-dependent reliability analysis of boom crane structures

Yang Ruigang,Li Wenzhao,Zhao Guangli,Liu Yuzhen,Jing Weichen 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.2

The reliability of boom crane structure determines the safety and performance of the whole machine. Due to the sample information of uncertain parameter is lacking, nonprobabilistic reliability of boom crane structure under the condition of limited samples is studied. Considering the time dependent deterioration of structure resistance and the load time effect, the time-dependent uncertain parameters of boom structures are comprehensively analyzed. A time-dependent reliability model of boom structures based on interval non-probabilistic is proposed. Based on the theory of interval non-probabilistic time-varying reliability, an engineering example is analyzed by using VC++ programming. The influence of different weight and uncertain parameters on the structure reliability of the boom is analyzed. The results show that the resistance, attenuation coefficient, average resistance and non-probabilistic time-varying reliability indicators of the boom structure attenuate seriously after decades. The conclusion verifies the scientific of the proposed method on the time accumulation effect.

The joint effect of different concentration of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and ionic liquid on the growth of wheat seedlings

Zhonglin Chen,Qian Zhou,Feng Leng,Bing Dai,Xueyang Zhao,Weichen Zhang,Neng Liu,Wei Guan,Kui Liu 대한환경공학회 2017 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.22 No.3

The joint effect of different concentrations (0.05-0.375 mmol/L) of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and various concentrations (50-400 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc] on the growth and physiology of wheat seedlings were investigated. The toxicity of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> could be significantly reduced by lower concentrations (50-200 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc]. With higher concentration (≥ 300 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc], the reduction became less, and compared to Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> stress only, the toxicity of 400 mg/L [C3mim][OAc] increased. As for different Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> concentrations, the optimal reduction depends on the balance between the exact concentration of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and [C3mim][OAc]: With low Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration (0.05-0.250 mmol/L) requiring 50 mg/L [C3mim][OAc], it could reach a dynamic equilibrium, while high Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration (0.375 mmol/L) requiring 100 mg/L [C3mim][OAc]. The growth and physiological indexes of wheat seedlings show a decrease in toxicity compared to the Cd alone treatment, when the dynamic equilibrium is reached. The concentration of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> in leaf tissues showed that low concentration (50-200 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc] can reduce the toxicity of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> (0.05-0.375 mmol/L) by decreasing the level of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration in the tissues, whereas the higher concentration (≥ 300 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc] can increase the concentration of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>.

Torque Ripple Reduction in Three-Level Inverter-Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives by Duty-Cycle Direct Torque Control Using an Evaluation Table

Wei Chen,Ying-Ying Zhao,Zhan-Qing Zhou,Yan Yan,Chang-Liang Xia 전력전자학회 2017 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.17 No.2

In this paper, a direct torque control algorithm with novel duty cycle-based modulation is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives fed by neutral-point clamped three-level inverters. Compared with the standard DTC, the proposed algorithm can suppress steady-state torque ripples as well as ensure neutral-point potential balance and smooth vector switching. A unified torque/flux evaluation table with multiple voltage vectors and precise control levels is established and used in this method. This table can be used to evaluate the effects of duty-cycle vectors on torque and flux directly, and the elements of the table are independent of the motor parameters. Consequently, a high number of appropriate voltage vectors and their corresponding duty cycles can be selected as candidate vectors to reduce torque ripples by looking up the table. Furthermore, small vectors are incorporated into the table to ensure the neutral-point potential balance with the numerous candidate vectors. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified by both simulations and experiments.

Supplementing Vitamin E to the Ration of Beef Cattle Increased the Utilization Efficiency of Dietary Nitrogen

Wei, Chen,Lin, Shixin,Wu, Jinlong,Zhao, Guangyong,Zhang, Tingting,Zheng, Wensi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.3

The objectives of the trial were to investigate the effects of supplementing vitamin E (VE) on nutrient digestion, nitrogen (N) retention and plasma parameters of beef cattle in feedlot. Four growing Simmental bulls, fed with a total mixed ration composed of corn silage and concentrate mixture as basal ration, were used as the experimental animals. Four levels of VE product, i.e. 0, 150, 300, 600 mg/head/d (equivalent to 0, 75, 150, 300 IU VE/head/d), were supplemented to the basal ration (VE content 38 IU/kg dry matter) in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design as experimental treatments I, II, III and IV, respectively. Each experimental period lasted 15 days, of which the first 12 days were for pretreatment and the last 3 days for sampling. The results showed that supplementing VE did not affect the nutrient digestibility (p>0.05) whereas decreased the urinary N excretion (p<0.01), increased the N retention (p<0.05) and tended to increase the microbial N supply estimated based on the total urinary purine derivatives (p = 0.057). Supplementing VE increased the plasma concentrations of VE, glucose and triglycerol (TG) (p<0.05) and tended to increase the plasma concentration of total protein (p = 0.096) whereas did not affect the plasma antioxidant indices and other parameters (p>0.05). It was concluded that supplementing VE up to 300 IU/head/d did not affect the nutrient digestibility whereas supplementing VE at 150 or 300 IU/head/d increased the N retention and the plasma concentrations of VE and TG (p<0.05) of beef cattle.