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        Numerical Experiments on the Impacts of Surface Evaporation and Fractionation Factors on Stable Isotopes in Precipitation

        Xinping Zhang,Huade Guan,Xinzhu Zhang,Wanjun Zhang,Tianci Yao 한국기상학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.52 No.3

        The isotope enabled atmospheric water balance model is applied to examine the spatial and temporal variations of δ18O in precipitation, amount effect and meteoric water lines (MWL) under four scenarios with different fractionation nature and surface evaporation inputs. The experiments are conducted under the same weather forcing in the framework of the water balance and stable water isotope balance. Globally, the spatial patterns of mean δ18O and global MWLs simulated by four simulation tests are in reasonably good agreement with the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation observations. The results indicate that the assumptions of equilibrium fractionation for simulating spatial distribution in mean annual δ18O and the global MWL, and kinetic fractionation in simulating δ18O seasonality are acceptable. In Changsha, four simulation tests all reproduce the observed seasonal variations of δ18O in precipitation. Compared with equilibrium fractionation, the depleted degree of stable isotopes in precipitation is enhanced under kinetic fractionation, in company with a decrease of isotopic seasonality and inter-event variability. The alteration of stable isotopes in precipitation caused by the seasonal variation of stable isotopes in vapour evaporated from the surface is opposite between cold and warm seasons. Four simulations all produce the amount effect commonly observed in monsoon areas. Under kinetic fractionation, the slope of simulated amount effect is closer to the observed one than other scenarios. The MWL for warm and humid climate in monsoon areas are well simulated too. The slopes and intercepts of the simulated MWLs decrease under kinetic fractionation.

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        A numerical method for estimating the elastic modulus of recycled concrete

        Xinzhu Zhou,Jianjun Zheng,Ting Chen,Jian Zhang,Chuanyang Wang,Jiefeng Wu 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2019 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.23 No.3

        This paper aims at presenting a numerical method for estimating the elastic modulus of recycled concrete with crushed aggregates. In the method, polygonal aggregates following a given sieve curve are generated, and placed into a square simulation element with the aid of the periodic boundary condition and the overlap criterion of two polygonal aggregates. The mesostructure of recycled concrete is reconstructed by embedding an old interfacial transition zone (ITZ) layer inside each recycled aggregate and by coating all the aggregates with a new ITZ layer. The square simulation element is discretized into a regular grid and a representative point is selected from each sub-element. The iterative method is combined with the fast Fourier transform to evaluate the elastic modulus of recycled concrete. After the validity of the numerical method is verified with experimental results, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the effects of key factors on the elastic modulus of recycled concrete. Numerical results show that the elastic modulus of recycled concrete increases with the increase of the total aggregate content and the elastic moduli of old and new ITZ but decreases with increasing the replacement ratio of recycled aggregate and the thicknesses of old and new ITZ. It is also shown that, for a replacement ratio of recycled aggregate smaller than 0.3, the elastic modulus of recycled concrete is reduced by no more than 10%.

      • Adaptive Sampling for Low Power Mobile Sign Language Video Communication

        Xiaolei Chen,Aihua Zhang,Xinzhu Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.12

        In this paper, we propose an adaptive sampling technique that achieves considerable energy savings while maintaining the required intelligibility level for mobile sign language video communication. The adaptive sampling scheme adjusts the sampling rate of the camera sensors dynamically according to the properties of sign language video communication and available battery power of mobile devices. Experimental results show that this adaptive scheme performs better than continuous sensing scheme in balancing the energy- intelligibility tradeoffs.

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        Classification of rose petal colors based on optical spectrum and pigment content analyses

        Wang Hua,Fan Youwei,Yang Yuan,Zhang Hui,Li Maofu,Sun Pei,Zhang Xinzhu,Xue Zhen,Jin Wanmei 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.2

        Roses ( Rosa sp.) are an important ornamental crop worldwide. Their colorful fl owers mainly refl ect an accumulation of anthocyanins and carotenoids. Developing a reliable method to classify rose petal color and identifying relationships between pigment contents and color space values may off er better evaluation criteria for rose varieties. In this study, we classifi ed 60 rose varieties into three groups based on their color parameters, corresponding to red varieties, white and yellow varie- ties, and pink and dark pink varieties. We measured the total pigment contents and identifi ed the underlying anthocyanins and carotenoids using both UV spectrophotometry and ultraperformance convergence chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Flower petals of white roses contained the lowest pigment levels, while those of yellow roses contained only carotenoids (40.65–244.42 μg/g) and mainly in the form of β-carotene and violaxanthin. The petals of pink and dark pink roses only accumulated anthocyanins (91.72–1703.93 μg/g) and mainly as cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin 3- O-glu- coside. The petals of red roses contained both large amounts of anthocyanins (1484.8–3806.22 μg/g) and small amounts of carotenoids (1.81–18.77 μg/g). We divided the 60 rose varieties tested here into fi ve color groups based on optical spectrum and pigment content analyses. We also explored the relationships between anthocyanin contents, carotenoid contents, and fl ower color space values using principal component analysis, Pearson’s correlations, and non-linear models. In addition to providing a more accurate system of rose petal color classifi cation, our results can be used to predict pigment contents based on color parameters.

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