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Decomposition Characteristic of Carbon Tetrafluoride Using 2.45GHz Microwave at Various Gases
Choi, Sun Yong,Taguchi, Yuko,Minami, Wataru,Kim, Lae Hyun,Kim, Hee Joon Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Materials science forum Vol.544 No.-
<P>The decomposition characteristics of CF4 with Argon or oxygen in 2.45GHz microwave has been investigated by using a Langmuir probe with variation of the microwave power and chamber pressure. For CF4/Ar and CF4/O2/Ar discharges, the ion density and the electron density decrease with increasing microwave power. The electron temperature was decreased by reducing the mean free path of electrons with increasing microwave power. Also with increasing pressure, the electron temperature increase, and ion and electron density decrease by increase of inelastic collision frequency and of collision with the walls in the chamber. The electron temperature is 13.6 ~ 5.9 [eV], the electron density is 4.4×1010 ~ 2.2×1010 [cm-3] and ion density is 5.2×1011 ~ 4×1010 [cm-3]. According as add oxygen, ion and electron density increased relatively comparing to CF4/Ar discharge. The electron temperature is 8.5 ~ 6.2 [eV], the electron and ion density is 5.1×1010 ~ 2.1×1010 [cm-3] and 3.7×1011 ~ 7.3×1010 [cm-3], respectively.</P>
Osawa, Kayo,Nakarai, Chiaki,Akiyama, Minami,Hashimoto, Ryuta,Tsutou, Akimitsu,Takahashi, Juro,Takaoka, Yuko,Kawamura, Shiro,Shimada, Etsuji,Tanaka, Kenichi,Kozuka, Masaya,Yamamoto, Masahiro,Kido, Yosh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5
Genetic polymorphisms of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases 1A6 (UGT1A6) and 1A7 (UGT1A7) may lead to genetic instability and colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. Our objective was to measure the interaction between polymorphisms of these repair genes and tobacco smoking in colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 68 individuals with CRC and 112 non-cancer controls were divided into non-smoker and smoker groups according to pack-years of smoking. Genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 were examined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We found a weak association of UGT1A6 polymorphisms with CRC risk (crude odds ratio [OR], 1.65;95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.9-3.1, P=0.107; adjusted OR 1.95%, 95% CI 1.0-3.8, P=0.051). The ORs for the UGT1A7 polymorphisms were statistically significant (crude OR: 26.40, 95% CI: 3.5-198.4, P=0.001; adjusted OR: 21.52, 95% CI: 2.8-164.1, P=0.003). The joint effect of tobacco exposure and UGTIA6 polymorphisms was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in non-smokers (crude OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 0.9-5.0, P=0.092; adjusted OR 2.63, 95% CI, 1.0-6.7, P=0.042). In conclusion, our findings suggest that UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 gene polymorphisms are associated with CRC risk in the Japanese population. In particualr, UGT1A6 polymorphisms may strongly increase CRC risk through the formation of carcinogens not associated with smoking.