부하의 성숙도와 리더십 유형의 적합성이 부하 만족도에 미치는 영향 연구

임유신(Yooshin Im),이민수(Min-su Lee),강용관(Yong-gwan Kang) 대한리더십학회 2015 리더십연구 Vol.6 No.3

본 연구는 Hersey와 Blanchard가 제시한 부하의 성숙도에 따른 상황적 지도성 모형이 우리나라 군 조직, 특히 하부조직인 소대급 부대에 적합한지를 검증하여, 육군의 초 급장교들에게 효과적인 지도성을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 첫째, ‘초급장교의 지도성 유형에 따라 부하의 만족도는 차이가 유의미할 것이다.’ 둘째, ‘부하의 성숙도에 적합한 지도성 유형을 결합할 경우, 부하의 만족도는 높아질 것이다.’ 라는 가설을 설정 하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해서 전방부대 소속의 32개 소대의 병사 368명을 대상으로 직 접 방문하여 설문지를 배포 및 회수하였으며, 이 중에 315부를 대상으로 통계분석 하였다. 연구를 통해 발견된 결과는, 첫째, 부하들은 초급장교의 지도성 유형 중에서 설득형 지도성에 대하여 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부하의 각 성숙도 수준별로 부하의 만족도가 가장 높게 나타나는 초급 장교의 지도성 유형은 어느 수준에서나 동일하게 설 득형 지도성 유형이었다. 본 연구 결과의 시사점은, 첫째, 권위주의적이고 위계질서가 엄격한 조직 분위기를 바꾸어서 초급장교의 하급자 지향적인 지도성 발휘로 부하의 자발성을 유발해야 한다. 둘째, 초급 장교의 지도성 배양을 위한 초급 장교 양성기관의 지도성 교육과정의 수정 보완 및 지속적인 개발이 필요하다. The purpose of this study is to provide an effective leadership model for the junior officer of Korean-Army and also to examine the validity of the situational leadership theory with special regard to the military organization, especially small-sized installation. The hypothesis of this study are as follows; First, there is a significant difference in the degree of followers‘ satisfaction between the leadership styles of the junior officer. Second, if the maturity of followers we combines with an appropriate leadership style, the followers' satisfaction be increased. In order to verify the hypothesis, the questionnaire was developed and distributed to 368 subjects sampled from the soldiers of 32 platoons in the field of Army and the responses were analyzed by statistics program. The conclusions drawn from the findings of this study are as follows; First, the most satisfied leadership style of the junior officers perceived by the followers was the selling one. Second, the most satisfied leadership style of the junior officers perceived by the followers was the selling one even at all follower's maturity levels. In the event, this study suggests that the leadership program of the officer training schools in Korea-Army for improving the junior officer's leadership should be developed and specified in the way of encouraging followers' willingness and voluntariness.

상사와 부하의 정서지능이 LMX 질과 부하의 직무태도의 관계에 미치는 조절효과 연구

임유신(Im, Yooshin),안성익(Ahn, Seong-Ik),이규헌(Lee, Kyu-heon) 대한경영학회 2013 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.26 No.2

Kirkpatrick 평가모형을 응용한 군 고급학위과정 위탁교육 평가에 관한 연구

임유신(Yooshin Im),최원석(Wonseok Choi),송승찬(Seungchan Song) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2013 한국군사학논집 Vol.69 No.1

The specific purposes of the study are to identify the merits and demerits of the commissioned education program and to provide the basic information necessary for its improvement, though the appraisal of the university specialized-degree program in the commissioned education. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The evaluation result of the goal achievement showed that the commissioned education program helped the learners to learn knowledge in a special field of study, to improve their potential abilities and to enhance communication ability. On the other hand, the result implied that the program did not improve problem-solving ability, self-directed learning ability and sharing social value. 2) The graduates of the commissioned education were quite satisfied with the knowledge that they acquired and the academic advisors that they met. It also reported that the experiences of the commissioned education program have been useful for doing on one's current job and making the human networks necessary for the army. 3) The evaluation results of the educatees' applicability and working environment showed that the graduate-officers' applicability was reported high. For the working environment, feedback/performance coaching and positive personal out comes seemed to be high, while opportunities to use the learned contents and supervisors' support to be low. Finally, suggestions and implications have been made for the policies in the commissioned education.

The Effect of ARMY Professionals Perceptions of the System on Organizational Commitment: The Mediation Effects of Professional Identity

Yongkwan Kang,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediation effect of professional identity in the process of the effect of Army professionals perceptions of the system on organizational commitment, and to draw policy implications for the training and utilization of effective professionals. Methods: The survey was conducted on Army professionals and the hypothesis was verified using structural equations(AMOS18.0). Results: First, system trust did not have a significant effect on professional identity. Second, system internali-zation had a positive(+) effect on professional identity. Third, the indirect effect of professional identity was not significant in the relationship between system trust and organizational commitment. Fourth, the indirect effect of professional identity was significant in the relationship between system internalization and organizational commitment. Conclusion: First, it is necessary to consider the organizational level of professional personnel management system that allows professional personnel officers to have a positive perception and agree with its purpose. Sec-ond, in the process of system change, the situation and opinions of the army specialist officers who are subject to the system change should be reflected as much as possible, and the detailed consideration of the organiza-tional level that makes them well accept the purpose and purpose of system change is necessary. Third, when the Army professional personnel officers are provided with conditions to work with a high professional identity and implement related policies, their organizational commitment can be increased.

The Effects of Company Commanders’ Leader Prototypicality and Army Prestige on Platoon Leaders’ Identification with Their Company and Army

Seongik Ahn,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: In a military context, economic exchange has limitations to motivating their member, especially first-line military officers because they risk their lives in an extreme situation and the value of one’s life cannot be evaluated easily. Rather than an economic exchange approach, we adopted social identity theory to explore the way to motivate first-line military officers. Based on social identity theory, we tried to find several ways to motivate first-line military officers. Method: We collected data by the survey. Before hypothesis testing, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis and calculated Cronbach’s alpha to see the validity and reliability of the measurement. After verifying there is no problem in terms of validity and reliability of the measurement, we tested the hypothesis with a structural equation model. Results: The effects of company commanders’ leader prototypicality and army prestige on platoon leaders’ identification with their company were proved to be statistically significant. And again platoon leaders’ identification with their company was shown to have a significant effect on platoon leaders’ identification with the army. Furthermore, army prestige influences not only platoon leaders’ identification with the army via identification with the company indirectly but also directly. Conclusion: Because of the difficulties of evaluating one’s life even in the military context, the economic ex-change approach has limitations in motivating first-line military officers. In the academic field, the social exchange approach is adopted as the alternative approach to economic exchange. Rather than the social exchange perspective, we adopted the social identity perspective which emphasizes the identification of self-interest and organizational interest to explore the way to motivate first-line military officers. The result of this study showed that some characteristics of middle-level military officers and the external image of the whole military organiza-tion, namely, the Korean Army have significant effects on organizational identification, which means that these two factors can be regarded as possible tools for motivating first-line military officers.

Why Does Australia Perceive China as a THREAT?: A Constructivist Point of View

JungIl Kang,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: As the competition for supremacy between the United States and China intensifies, the strategic instability of neighboring countries is gradually increasing, and the Cold War era s new competition structure, which requires the choice of one of two options: the United States and China, is being recreated. In this situation, Australia is the most active country in the US containment policy toward China, expressing concerns about the rise of China without filtering. This study attempts to examine the reasons why Australia, which is located at a distance from China and has high economic interdependence, is recognizing China as a threat and actively participating in the US-led containment policy of China . Method: In this study, we will look at Australia s policy toward China from the perspective of Constructivism in order to find out the factors that form Australia s perception of threats to China. First of all, the framework of the analysis was formed through basic discussions on Constructivism, looking at the conflict between Australia and China, and focusing on the results of the survey that analyzed Australian people s identity and historical perspective and perception of China by looking at the culture and perception formed in Australia, I want to achieve my research purpose. Results: The United States and Australia are independent countries from the United Kingdom and share a racial, religious and cultural base. The United States and Australia, which have been working together to resolve important international conflicts and wars since World War I, maintain a solid alliance system based on ANSUS. Moreover, after the COVID-19 incident, the spread of hatred toward the Chinese in Australia, the expansion of China s influence, and the issue of the South China Sea are rising, increasing awareness that the national interests of the United States and Australia are infringed. Australia, which shares its perception and identity of China from a constructivist point of view with the United States, will continue to actively cooperate with the United States containment policy toward China and strengthen cooperation with Western countries centered on the United States. Conclusion: Although Australia is located in Asia, Australian identity, culture and historical values are closer to the Western world. As a member of the Commonwealth, Australia maintains partnerships in various fields, including politics, economic security and academia, along with the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and New Zealand, which are expected to continue in the future. Australia, which has a Western identity, will strengthen cooperation with the Quad Council for stability and protection of national interests in the Indo-Pacific region and strengthen checks against China. Australia s foreign policy can be assessed as being influenced by the national identity of the United States, which shares threats to China, and strengthens cooperation with security alliances such as the United States and the United Kingdom, which share traditional values and culture, to check China. I will do it.

An Analysis and Study on the Win-Lose Factors of Major BATTLE Cases of the First Chechen War

Byungchoel Hwang,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the wins and losses of the war through major battles of the First Chechen War and find implications for understanding the continuously evolving modern warfare (conflict) and establish-ing readiness for it. From the results of the win-loss analysis of the various battles, we want to learn how the weak against the strong should prepare for the battle. In addition, based on the understanding of how to conduct combat under the division level and the results, we would like to gain implications in establishing the direction of education and training for the Korean military. Method: The main battle of the First Chechen War was analyzed to derive a lesson about the war. To this end, the battle of Gudermes, Bamut, and Yarshymardy, which were the fiercest battles of the Chechen War, was select-ed to analyze the victory and defeat in terms of combat history. The Battle of Gudermes and the Battle of Bamut were analyzed from the perspective of Russia, while the Battle of Yarshymardy was analyzed from the perspective of Chechen to draw lessons. Results: Russia failed to lead to victory and ended in a cease-fire despite the large deployment of troops and equip-ment in the First Chechen War. They suffered from lack of preparation for the war, soldiers posture in battle, and lack of tactics, hurting their pride as a powerful nation. On the other hand, Chechen forces fought a decisive battle to build their own independent nation despite the difficulties and tried to overcome the inferiority of their forces. The Chechen military s decisive battle caused a lot of damage against the Russian army and eventually resulted in a ceasefire. Conclusion: The main battles of the First Chechen War shows what the consequences will be if pursued without preparation only based on the logic of politics and power. And it also shows how an underdog can lead an unfa-vorable situation to its advantage. The security situation on the Korean Peninsula is that South Korea confronts North Korea and is surrounded by major powers. In this situation, we can look back on our reality and get the practical implications necessary to prepare for the changing modern warfare and the future battlefield.

NATIONAL POLICE: Differences in Leaders’ Followership According to the Total Length of Service as a Police Officer and the Length of Service at the Security Department

Hoyeun Youn,Yooshin Im,Sunggu Jo J-INSTITUTE 2020 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate the differences in leaders followership in the Korean police organi-zation according to the total length of service and the length of service at the security department with 91 train-ees of the Police Human Resources Development Institute as the research subjects. Method: For the data processing of this study, using the SPSS 23.0 program, frequency analysis was conducted to identify the general characteristics of the research subjects, and Cronbach s α coefficient was calculated to verify the reliability of the questionnaire. One-way ANOVA was conducted to find out the differences in leaders s followership according to the total length of service as a police officer and the length of service at the security department, and Chi-Square was conducted to find out the connection between the total length of service and the length of service at the security department. Results: This study found that leaders followership varies between police officers depending on their total length of service. It was also shown that leaders followership varies between police officers depending on their length of service at the security department. In addition, there was a connection between the total length of service and the length of service at the security department. Conclusion: The results confirmed through this study are believed to be fully utilized as basic data for the development of programs for improving the followership of police officers working in the security department, but since it is a verification of individual items of the followership, there will be limitations in identifying the differences in overall followership effects according to the length of service.

A Study on the Development Direction for Innovative Transformation of the ROK Army Education and Training

Yongkwan Kang,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: This study was carried out to derive the implementation direction of education and training to foster individuals and units that will surely win when fighting the enemy by further leaping up the level of education and training for the army in an uncertain security environment and various threats. Method: This study was conducted through literature analysis on education and training of the ROK and US military, and through interviews and discussions with education technology experts, human resource development experts, army headquarters, education command practitioners, commanders, and staff of field units, and school unit instructors. Results: For the army's education and training to take off, we need to expand the scope of education and training, and establish a philosophy and foundation for education and training based on the developed educational theory (learning science). Moreover, we need to implement four directions: developing educational human resources, establishing a scientific learning system, creating a learning-based environment, and optimizing unit and individual learning. Conclusion: The four implementation directions for the leap forward in army education and training are the development of educational human resources, the establishment of a scientific learning system, the creation of a learning-based environment, and the optimization of the unit and individual learning. First, educational human resource development includes 'development of all members' competency', 'performance of instructor's role as a learning facilitator', 'expansion of awareness that a leader is an educator', 'management of education experts', and 'professional enhancement through increasing civil-military compatibility'. Second, the establishment of a scientific learning system consists of 'applying learning science', 'designing an optimal education and training course', 'learning based on advanced science and technol, 'inducing learning motivation', and 'establishing a systematic evaluation concept'. Third, the creation of a learning-based environment consists of 'providing a practical education and training environment', 'supporting modern education and training', and 'development of a learning management system'. Fourth, optimizing unit and individual learning is 'education and training for adaptability development', 'Self-development', 'school education', and 'unit training'.

A Study on the Facilitation Factors of NON-COMMISSIONED Officer’s Field Leadership: Focused on Delphi and AHP Method

Daegeun Lee,Sangjung Park,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2020 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: The study applied Delphi and AHP method to analyze the factors that can promote Non-commissioned officers(NCO)’ field leadership in about 30 experts. Method: First, we will look at ‘NCO Comprehensive Development 2.0’ in conjunction with Defense Reform 2.0. Afterward, the Delphi method is applied to a group of experts to promote the survey items that affect the field leadership of NCO as three major factors and nine lower fields. Finally, the deciding factors are prioritized using AHP techniques. According to ‘NCO Comprehensive Development 2.0’, the army plans to make active efforts to ensure that NCO in the fourth industrial revolution era will become expert warriors in individual and small unit combat, leaders that soldiers follow on their own and connectors with smooth communication, by 2025. The sur-vey of a group of experts applying the Delphi method conducted the first open questions and gradually induced the selective questions to reflect the expert’s feedback and finally completed the survey items. Results: The results of the AHP analysis and the Delphi method selected were found to have the highest identi-fication of improvement in the working environment and organizational culture, followed by the selection and training of NCO and enhancement of leadership capabilities. Conclusion: The study is meaningful in analyzing the factors that could facilitate NCO’s field leadership by uti-lizing Delphi and AHP methods.