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유명란 ( Myoung Ran Yoo ),정유미 ( Yoo Mi Jung ),김선영 ( Sun Young1 Kim ),김명자 ( Myung Ja Kim ) 국군간호사관학교 군진간호연구소 2012 군진간호연구 Vol.30 No.2
Purpose: This study was designed to explore the re-employment process of retired nurse officers and to develop a grounded theory about their experiences. Methods: The participants were 9 retired nurse officers holding jobs. Data was collected through interviews using MP3 recordings. The data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin(1998) method. Results: The process of ``seeking new dream by breaking down the barrier of reality`` was categorized into four stages: ``destiny: wrapping up the military service``, ``anxiety: looking for a job``, ``adaptation to the new job: giving up, meagerly holding on, satisfaction``, and ``dreaming: planning for the future``. There were four steps of emotional change in this chronological order: ``lack of concern``, ``anxiety: low self-esteem``, ``confidence: stepping up to the challenge``, ``missing the military``. Conclusion: The findings of this study will help better understand the retired nurse officers`` re-employment experience.
Glioma‐derived cancer stem cells are hypersensitive to proteasomal inhibition
Yoo, Young Dong,Lee, Dae‐,Hee,Cha‐,Molstad, Hyunjoo,Kim, Hyungsin,Mun, Su Ran,Ji, Changhoon,Park, Seong Hye,Sung, Ki Sa,Choi, Seung Ah,Hwang, Joonsung,Park, Deric M,Kim, Seung‐,Ki,Pa EMBO 2017 EMBO reports Vol.18 No.1
<P>Although proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are used as anticancer drugs to treat various cancers, their relative therapeutic efficacy on stem cells vs. bulk cancers remains unknown. Here, we show that stem cells derived from gliomas, GSCs, are up to 1,000-fold more sensitive to PIs (IC50, 27-70 nM) compared with their differentiated controls (IC50, 47 to >> 100 mu M). The stemness of GSCs correlates to increased ubiquitination, whose misregulation readily triggers apoptosis. PI-induced apoptosis of GSCs is independent of NF-jB but involves the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase as well as the transcriptional activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated proapoptotic mediators. In contrast to the general notion that ER stress-associated apoptosis is signaled by prolonged unfolded protein response (UPR), GSC-selective apoptosis is instead counteracted by the UPR. ATF3 is a key mediator in GSC-selective apoptosis. Pharmaceutical uncoupling of the UPR from its downstream apoptosis sensitizes GSCs to PIs in vitro and during tumorigenesis in mice. Thus, a combinational treatment of a PI with an inhibitor of UPR-coupled apoptosis may enhance targeting of stem cells in gliomas.</P>
N-terminal arginylation generates a bimodal degron that modulates autophagic proteolysis
Yoo, Young Dong,Mun, Su Ran,Ji, Chang Hoon,Sung, Ki Woon,Kang, Keum Young,Heo, Ah Jung,Lee, Su Hyun,An, Jee Young,Hwang, Joonsung,Xie, Xiang-Qun,Ciechanover, Aaron,Kim, Bo Yeon,Kwon, Yong Tae National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.12
<P>The conjugation of amino acids to the protein N termini is universally observed in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, yet its functions remain poorly understood. In eukaryotes, the amino acid L-arginine (L-Arg) is conjugated to N-terminal Asp (Nt-Asp), Glu, Gln, Asn, and Cys, directly or associated with posttranslational modifications. Following Ntarginylation, the Nt-Arg is recognized by UBR boxes of N-recognins such as UBR1, UBR2, UBR4/p600, and UBR5/EDD, leading to substrate ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation via the N-end rule pathway. It has been a mystery, however, why studies for the past five decades identified only a handful of Nt-arginylated substrates in mammals, although five of 20 principal amino acids are eligible for arginylation. Here, we show that the Nt-Arg functions as a bimodal degron that directs substrates to either the ubiquitin (Ub)proteasome system (UPS) or macroautophagy depending on physiological states. In normal conditions, the arginylated forms of proteolytic cleavage products, D101-CDC6 and D1156-BRCA1, are targeted to UBR box-containing N-recognins and degraded by the proteasome. However, when proteostasis by the UPS is perturbed, their Nt-Arg redirects these otherwise cellularwastes tomacroautophagy through its binding to the ZZ domain of the autophagic adaptor p62/STQSM/Sequestosome-1. Upon binding to the Nt-Arg, p62 acts as an autophagic N-recognin that undergoes self-polymerization, facilitating cargo collection and lysosomal degradation of p62-cargo complexes. A chemical mimic of Nt-Arg redirects Ub-conjugated substrates from the UPS to macroautophagy and promotes their lysosomal degradation. Our results suggest that the Nt-Arg proteome of arginylated proteins contributes to reprogramming global proteolytic flux under stresses.</P>
Can MR Imaging Contribute in Characterizing Well-circumscribed Breast Carcinomas?
Yoo, Jung Lim,Woo, Ok Hee,Kim, Yoon Kyung,Cho, Kyu Ran,Yong, Hwan Seok,Seo, Bo Kyoung,Kim, Aeree,Kang, Eun-Young The Society 2010 Radiographics Vol.30 No.6
<P>Most well-circumscribed breast masses are benign lesions such as cysts, fibroadenomas, and intramammary lymph nodes. Nevertheless, 10%-20% of breast malignancies are well-circumscribed masses, and these malignancies include papillary, mucinous, medullary, and metaplastic carcinomas, as well as malignant phyllodes tumors. Therefore, it is important to differentiate these well-circumscribed breast malignancies from benign breast lesions, but it is not easy to do so with conventional imaging modalities such as mammography and ultrasonography (US). As an emerging adjunctive imaging method, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has substantial potential in characterizing well-circumscribed breast carcinomas. Analysis of the lesion signal intensity on nonenhanced T2-weighted MR images, determination of the enhancement pattern, and kinetic curve assessment can greatly help differentiate malignant from benign well-circumscribed breast lesions. Therefore, breast MR imaging can play a substantial role in distinguishing between well-circumscribed benign and malignant breast lesions, especially in cases that are difficult to diagnose by using conventional imaging. In this article, the MR imaging findings of the subtypes of well-circumscribed malignant breast lesions-intracystic papillary carcinoma, invasive papillary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma, and malignant phyllodes tumor-are described and correlated with the histopathologic, mammographic, and US findings. © RSNA, 2010.</P>
( Young Ran Yoo ),( Young Sik Kim ) 한국부식방식학회 2023 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.22 No.3
Two types of accelerated tests, Water Drop Test (WDT) and Temperature-Humidity-Bias Test (THBT), can be used to evaluate the susceptibility to electrochemical migration (ECM). In the WDT, liquid water is directly applied to a specimen, typically a patterned conductor like a printed circuit board. Time to failure in the WDT typically ranges from several seconds to several minutes. On the other hand, the THBT is conducted under elevated temperature and humidity conditions, allowing for assessment of design and life cycle factors on ECM. THBT is widely recognized as a more suitable method for reliability testing than WDT. In both test methods, localized corrosion can be observed on the anode. Composition of dendrites formed during the WDT is similar to that formed during THBT. However, there is a lack of correlation between the time to failure obtained from WDT and that obtained from THBT. In this study, we investigated the relationship between electrochemical parameters and time to failure obtained from both WDT and THBT. Differences in time to failure can be attributed to actual anode potential obtained in the two tests.
Glioma‐derived cancer stem cells are hypersensitive to proteasomal inhibition
Yoo, Young Dong,Lee, Dae‐,Hee,Cha‐,Molstad, Hyunjoo,Kim, Hyungsin,Mun, Su Ran,Ji, Changhoon,Park, Seong Hye,Sung, Ki Sa,Choi, Seung A,Hwang, Joonsung,Park, Deric M,Kim, Seung Ki,Park, Kyun EMBO 2018 EMBO reports Vol.19 No.9
Yoo, Ji Young,Ryu, Jihoon,Gao, Ran,Yaguchi, Tomoko,Kaul, Sunil C.,Wadhwa, Renu,Yun, Chae-Ok John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2010 The journal of gene medicine Vol.12 No.7
<B>Background</B><P>Adeno-oncolytic (Adon) viruses offer an effective cancer therapeutic tool with several advantages, including wide host cell permeability, high transduction efficiency, safety, tumor selectivity, non-invasiveness, high genetic modifiability and high level of expression of the integrated transgenes. Armed Adon viruses in which the therapeutic efficacy of virus is enhanced by their coupling with cytotoxic, anti-angiogenic or anti-vascular gene products have gained importance because they engage additional mechanisms for tumor cell killing. In the present study, we selected mortalin, a stress chaperone that is tightly involved in human carcinogenesis, constructed a mortalin-targeting Adon (mot-Adon) virus and examined its therapeutic potential both in vitro and in vivo.</P><B>Methods</B><P>Mortalin-targeting plasmid and viral vectors that harbored mortalin-specific small interfering RNA sequences were constructed. The therapeutic value of these vectors was investigated in vitro and in vivo by cell culture and nude mice tumor models.</P><B>Results</B><P>We demonstrate that the mot-Adon virus has selective cytotoxicity for human cancer cells in vitro. Retrovirus-mediated overexpression of mortalin protected the cells against mot-Adon virus, confirming that mortalin silencing was the real cause of cancer cell death. Although mortalin overexpression enhanced malignant properties of cancer cells in breast xenograft models, mot-Adon virus elicited an enhanced anti-tumor effect. Immunohistochemical examination of the tumors showed that the mot-Adon virus caused enhanced apoptosis (mediated by reactivation of p53) and suppression of microvessel formation.</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>Mortalin is up-regulated in a large variety of tumors and hence mot-Adon virus is proposed as a candidate cancer therapeutic agent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>