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의사소통 전략으로서의 언어적, 비언어적 한·중 청자반응 유형 대조
윤은경 ( Yoon Eunkyung ),정염 ( Ding Yan ) 국제어문학회 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.91
본 연구는 한·중 청자반응 표현에 대한 윤은경·정염(2021) 연구를 확장하는 것을 연구 목적으로 삼는다. 언어적 및 비언어적 청자반응 유형의 차이를 한국어와 중국어 청자를 대상으로 살펴보았다. 청자반응 표현의 빈도는 사회적 지위와 인간관계의 친밀도에 따라 측정되었다(교수 대 지인). 이 연구를 위해 총 45명의 참가자가 모집되어 세 집단 중 하나에 배정되었다. 그 결과 한한(한국어 청자) 집단과 중중(중국어 청자) 집단은 지인보다 교수와 대화할 때 청자반응 표현을 더 많이 사용한 반면 한중(한국어 화자 + 중국어 청자) 집단에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 특히 한한 집단은 언어 표현보다 거의 2배에 가까운 비언어적 또는 복합적(언어적 + 비언어적) 청자반응 표현을 사용했으나, 중중 집단은 언어적 표현을 선호했다. 반면, 한한 집단과 중중 집단은 공통적으로 지인과 대화할 때보다는 교수와 대화할 때 비언어적 표현을 더 많이 사용했다. 최근까지 한국어 교육에 대한 연구에서 언어적 또는 비언어적 청자반응 표현은 관심을 받지 못했다. 그러나 청자반응의 실패는 의사소통에 큰 지장을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 보다 면밀한 연구가 필요하다는 점을 확인했다는 데 연구 의의가 있다. This study expands Yoon and Ding’s (2021 to appear) investigation of listeners’ responses as conversational strategies. Verbal and non-verbal backchannels were cross-linguistically investigated among native Korean and Chinese speakers. The frequency of the backchannels was measured according to their social status and the intimacy level of relationships(professors vs. friends). A total of 45 participants were recruited and assigned to one of three groups. The results revealed that the GK (Korean-only) and GC (Chinese-only) groups used more backchannels when conversing with professors than friends, whereas no significant difference was observed within the KC (Korean+Chinese) group. In particular, the GK group used non-verbal or combined (verbal + non-verbal) backchannel expressions almost twice as much as verbal expressions, while the GC group preferred verbal expressions. Both the GK and GC groups used non-verbal backchannels more than verbal ones when talking to professors than when talking to friends. Until recently, verbal or non-verbal backchannels have been neglected in research on Korean language education; however, research on backchannels is necessary in that its failure can significantly impede communication.
Yan Ding,Enqi Wu,Jianbo Chen,Huu Tung Nguyen,Thi Ha Do,Kyung Lae Park,KiHwan Ba,Young Ho Kim,강종성 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.10
A simple high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to evaluate the quality of Moutan Cortex Radicis based on chromatographic fingerprints that characterize eight pharmacological compounds, namely, gallic acid, paeoniflorin, galloyl paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, quercetin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, paeoniflorigenone, and paeonol. These compounds were identified by their characteristic UV profiles and the mass spectroscopy data, and their contents were determined by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column by gradient elution with 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The methodological validation gave acceptable linearities (r = 0.9996) and recoveries (ranging from 99.4∼103.1%). The limits of detection (LOD) of these compounds ranged from 10 to 30 μg/mL. The representative chromatographic fingerprints of Moutan Cortex Radicis were obtained by analyzing 20 batches of samples collected from markets in Korea and China. For the efficient evaluation of quality for the commercial Moutan Cortex Radicis it is recommended that the total content of the six characteristic compounds should contain more than a minimum of 2% and that the content of total paeoniflorin and paeonol should exceed a minimum of 1.5% of dry weight of Moutan Cortex Radicis.
Yan Ding,Chun Liang,Huu Tung Nguyen,Eun Mi Choi,김정아,김영호 대한화학회 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.4
A new compound, 4-methoxyl 5-hydroxymethyl benzoic 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), has been isolated from the leaves and stems of Acer mandshuricum, along with nine known compounds (2-10). Their structures were determined by a variety of spectroscopic analyses. The effect of compounds 1-10 on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was examined by determining alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization. Compound 1significantly increased the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells; 5.0 μM of 1 increased ALP activity, collagen synthesis,and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells to 114.7, 119.5, and 108.2% (P < 0.05) of the basal value, respectively. In addition, compounds 2-10 also potently increased the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
Phenolic Compounds from <i>Artemisia iwayomogi</i> and Their Effects on Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells
Ding, Yan,Liang, Chun,Yang, Seo Young,Ra, Jeong Chan,Choi, Eun Mi,Kim, Jeong-Ah,Kim, Young Ho Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.33 No.8
<P>One new (4) and twelve known phenolic compounds (1—3, 5—13) were isolated from a 70% MeOH extract of the aerial parts of <I>Artemisia iwayomogi</I>. The new compound was identified as 7,8-dimethoxy-coumarin-9-<I>O</I>-(6′-<I>O</I>-(<I>E</I>)-coumaroyl)-β-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucopyranoside (4) and named iwayomin. The effects of compounds 1—13 on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were examined by evaluating cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization in the presence of each compound. Compounds 3, 4, 7, and 9 showed potential in stimulating osteoblastic bone formation and may be useful for the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis.</P>