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Li, Y.D.,Lee, K.Y.,Feng, F.X. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 International journal of solids and structures Vol.48 No.9
The main purpose of the present work is to study the influences of magnetostriction, electrostriction and piezomagnetic/piezoelectric stiffening on the fracture behavior of a layered multiferroic composite. For comparison, it is assumed that there is a crack, parallel to the interface, in each layer. Methods of cosine transform and Cauchy singular integral equations are used to solve the crack problem. Numerical results of the stress intensity factor (SIF) are provided and the computational accuracy is demonstrated. Discussion on the numerical results indicates that the multiferroic composite consisting of cobalt ferrite and barium titanate layers are more prone to fracture under electric loading than under magnetic loading. In the case of magnetostriction, to increase the shear modulus of the piezomagnetic layer would raise the SIF; but to increase that of the piezoelectric layer would reduce the SIF; in the case of electrostriction, inverse results are obtained. Piezomagnetic stiffening can affect the SIF when the composite is under electrostriction; piezoelectric stiffening can influence the SIF if the composite is under magnetostriction. In addition, it is also revealed that two parallel equal cracks may shield each other even if an interface exists between them.
Feng, F.J.,Jang, B.K.,Park, J.Y.,Lee, K.S. Ceramurgica ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.42 No.14
In this study, ytterbium monosilicate (Yb<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB>)-added sintered mullite ceramics are prepared as candidate materials for environmental barrier coatings (EBCs). The effect of adding Yb<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> on the physical and mechanical properties of the sintered mullite ceramics is investigated. The Yb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-SiO<SUB>2</SUB>-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> ternary phase diagram indicates that adding Yb<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> to the mullite goes beyond simply mixing; instead, liquid sintering occurs. Therefore, when we add Yb<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> to the mullite, the sintered body possesses a denser microstructure and faster densification rate than does pure mullite. The density rapidly increases with the addition of 6wt% Yb<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> in the mullite, and almost full densifications are achieved with the addition of 12wt% and 18wt% Yb<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB>. In this study, mullite ceramic that contains 12wt% Yb<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB> exhibits the smallest plastic deformation and the highest elastic modulus among ceramics containing 6, 12, and 18wt% Yb<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB>, according to Hertzian indentation results. The results suggest that 12wt% Yb<SUB>2</SUB>SiO<SUB>5</SUB>-doped mullite may be expected to act as a potential EBC material based on its excellent elastic properties, dense microstructure, and appropriate coefficient of thermal expansion.
Improvement of lower hybrid current drive systems for high-power and long-pulse operation on EAST
Wang M.,Liu L.,Zhao L.M.,Li M.H.,Ma W.D.,Hu H.C.,Wu Z.G.,Feng J.Q.,Yang Y.,Zhu L.,Chen M.,Zhou T.A.,Jia H.,Zhang J.,Cao L.,Zhang L.,Liang R.R.,Ding B.J.,Zhang X.J.,Shan J.F.,Liu F.K.,Ekedahl A.,Gonich 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11
Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m2 . Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 C, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 C). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-activemultijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5 toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected
c-Cbl-Mediated Neddylation Antagonizes Ubiquitination and Degradation of the TGF-β Type II Receptor
Zuo, W.,Huang, F.,Chiang, Y.,Li, M.,Du, J.,Ding, Y.,Zhang, T.,Lee, H.,Jeong, L.,Chen, Y.,Deng, H.,Feng, X.H.,Luo, S.,Gao, C.,Chen, Y.G. Cell Press 2013 Molecular cell Vol.49 No.3
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a potent antiproliferative factor in multiple types of cells. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with the development of many cancers, including leukemia, though the molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we show that Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), a known proto-oncogene encoding an ubiquitin E3 ligase, promotes TGF-β signaling by neddylating and stabilizing the type II receptor (TβRII). Knockout of c-Cbl decreases the TβRII protein level and desensitizes hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells to TGF-β stimulation, while c-Cbl overexpression stabilizes TβRII and sensitizes leukemia cells to TGF-β. c-Cbl conjugates neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8), a ubiquitin-like protein, to TβRII at Lys556 and Lys567. Neddylation of TβRII promotes its endocytosis to EEA1-positive early endosomes while preventing its endocytosis to caveolin-positive compartments, therefore inhibiting TβRII ubiquitination and degradation. We have also identified a neddylation-activity-defective c-Cbl mutation from leukemia patients, implying a link between aberrant TβRII neddylation and leukemia development.
Li, F.C.,Feng, Y.L.,Wang, Z.H.,Lin, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.4
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of varying levels of flaked com abomasally infused on energy metabolism and nitrogen metabolism in fattening steers. The starch levels of flaked corn of abomasally infused were 0, 300, 600 and 900 g/d. Four mature fattening steers fitted with permanent abomasum cannulas were allocated to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design were fed at 1.2 maintenance requirement a basal diet of Chinese wildrye (Aneurolepidium Chinense). Compared with 0 g/d (control group), digestible nitrogen, retention nitrogen (RN, g/d) and the efficiency of digestible nitrogen converted into retention nitrogen (RN/DN, %) of 300, 600 and 900 g/d groups were higher (p<0.05). The post-ruminal starch digestion of flaked corn were 71.36, 80.27 and 64.71 % when the amounts abomasally infused were 300, 600 and 900 g/d, respectively. When the amount of starch abomasally infused was more than 600 g/d, the post-ruminal digestion of starch decreased. 300, 600 and 900 g/d starch infusion groups showed higher metabolizable energy intake (ME) and net energy gains (NEg, MJ/d) than the control group, and the efficiencies of metabolizable energy converted into body weight (Kf, %) of these groups were higher than the control group by 38.31, 73.18 and 67.06% (p<0.05). Kf (Y, %) had a positive curved relation to starch of flaked com abomasally infused (X, g/d), $Y=36.1605X^{0.0760}$ (n=16, r=0.9308).
Opachich, Y P,Comin, A,Bartelt, A F,Young, A T,Scholl, A,Feng, J,Schmalhorst, J,Shin, H J,Engelhorn, K,Risbud, S H,Reiss, G,Padmore, H A IOP Pub 2010 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.22 No.15
<P>The demagnetization dynamics of the Heusler alloy Co<SUB>2</SUB>MnSi was studied using picosecond time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The sample was excited using femtosecond laser pulses. In contrast to the sub-picosecond demagnetization of the metal ferromagnet Ni, substantially slower demagnetization with a time constant of 3.5 ± 0.5 ps was measured. This could be explained by a spin-dependent band gap inhibiting the spin-flip scattering of hot electrons in Co<SUB>2</SUB>MnSi, which is predicted to be half-metallic. A universal demagnetization time constant was measured across a range of pump power levels. </P>
England, C.G.,Im, H.J.,Feng, L.,Chen, F.,Graves, S.A.,Hernandez, R.,Orbay, H.,Xu, C.,Cho, S.Y.,Nickles, R.J.,Liu, Z.,Lee, D.S.,Cai, W. IPC Science and Technology Press 2016 Biomaterials Vol.100 No.-
<P>As peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results in muscle ischemia and neovascularization, it has been claimed that nanoparticles can passively accumulate in ischemic tissues through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. At this time, a quantitative evaluation of the passive targeting capabilities of nanoparticles has not been reported in PAD. Using a murine model of hindlimb ischemia, we quantitatively assessed the passive targeting capabilities of Cu-64-labeled PEGylated reduced graphene oxide iron oxide nanoparticles (Cu-64-RGO-IONP-PEG) through the EPR effect using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Serial laser Doppler imaging was performed to monitor changes in blood perfusion upon surgical induction of ischemia. Nanoparticle accumulation was assessed at 3, 10, and 17 days post-surgery and found to be highest at 3 days post-surgery, with the ischemic hindlimb displaying an accumulation of 14.7 +/- 0.5% injected dose per gram (%ID/g). Accumulation of Cu-64-RGO-IONP-PEG was lowest at 17 days post-surgery, with the ischemic hindlimb displaying only 5.1 +/- 0.5%ID/g. Furthermore, nanoparticle accumulation was confirmed by photoacoustic imaging (PA). The combination of PET and serial Doppler imaging showed that nanoparticle accumulation in the ischemic hindlimb negatively correlated with blood perfusion. Thus, we quantitatively confirmed that Cu-64-RGO-IONP-PEG passively accumulated in ischemic tissue via the EPR effect, which is reduced as the perfusion normalizes. As Cu-64-RGO-IONP-PEG displayed substantial accumulation in the ischemic tissue, this nanoparticle platform may function as a future theranostic agent, providing both imaging and therapeutic applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Tang, J.W.,Sun, H.,Yao, X.H.,Wu, Y.F.,Wang, X.,Feng, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.3
The study was conducted to examine the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) by solid-state fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and immune function of broilers. After inoculated with Bacillus subtilis BJ-1 for 48 h, the content of free gossypol in cottonseed meal was decreased from 0.82 to 0.21 g/kg. A total of 600, day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates of 50 chicks each. A corn-SBM based control diet was formulated and the experimental diets included 4, 8 or 12% FCSM, replacing SBM. Throughout the experiment, broilers fed 8% FCSM had higher (p<0.05) body weight gain than those fed 0, 4 and 12% FCSM. The feed intake in 8% FCSM group was superior (p<0.05) to other treatments from d 21 to 42. On d 21, the concentration of serum immunoglobin M in the 4% and 8% FCSM groups, as well as the content of complements (C3, C4) in 8% FCSM group were greater (p<0.05) than those in the SBM group. Besides, birds fed 8% FCSM had increased (p<0.05) serum immunoglobin M, immunoglobulin G and complement C4 levels on d 42 compared with bird fed control diet. No differences (p>0.05) were found between treatments regarding the serum biochemical parameters and the relative weights of immune organs. In conclusion, FCSM can be used in broiler diets at up to 12% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of SBM with FCSM may improve growth performance and immunity in broilers.