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Ralf Wieland,Monika Wulf,Kristin Meier 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.2
The paper introduces two types of models: the ‘‘memory of a landscape’’ and the ‘‘face of a landscape’’. The memory of a landscape refers to the development of a landscape as a result of many small and some major events. It can be described by a multitude of features that are difficult to change by humans, such as the initial geological substrate and the availability of nutrients linked to it. The implementation of the ‘‘memory model’’ leads to a scientific modelling approach that models the influence of the basic factors on forest distribution. The face of a landscape on the other hand implements a Big Data approach. The face can be changed more easily, e.g. by clearing forest areas and converting them into arable land. Both types of models are used to conclude from today’s perspective on the development of historical forests around 1880. A machine learning algorithm is used to implement both model types and evaluate the importance of features. Both models show differences in accuracy and simulation, which are discussed in detail. The inherent evaluation of the importance of the model inputs can be used to critically review some doctrines. The combination of machine learning with the knowledge of experts who help to select and prepare the data can be used in the future to depict the memory of a landscape more comprehensively in a model than is possible with previous approaches.
Adam Burr(Adam Burr ),Paul Harari(Paul Harari ),Aaron Wieland(Aaron Wieland ),Randall Kimple(Randall Kimple ),Gregory Hartig(Gregory Hartig ),Matthew Witek(Matthew Witek ) 대한방사선종양학회 2022 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.40 No.4
Purpose: Optimal radiotherapy treatment volumes for patients with locally advanced hypopharynx squamous cell carcinoma should ensure maximal tumor coverage with minimal inclusion of normal surrounding structures. Here we evaluated the effectiveness of a direct 3-mm high-dose gross tumor volume to planning target volume expansion on clinical outcomes for hypopharynx cancers. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with hypopharynx carcinoma treated between 2004 and 2018 with primary radiotherapy using a direct high-dose gross tumor volume to planning target volume expansion and with or without concurrent systemic therapy. Diagnostic imaging of recurrences was co-registered with the planning CT. Spatial and volumetric analyses of contoured recurrences were compared with planned isodose lines. Failures were initially defined as in field, marginal, elective nodal, and out of field. Each failure was further classified as central high-dose, peripheral high-dose, central intermediate/low-dose, peripheral intermediate/low-dose, and extraneous. Clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimation. Results: Thirty-six patients were identified. At a median follow-up at 52.4 months, estimated 5-year overall survival was 59.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.3%–74.1%), 5-year local and nodal control was 71.7% (95% CI, 47.1%–86.3%) and 69.9% (95% CI, 57.0%–82.6%), respectively. The most common failure was in the high-dose primary target volume. The gastrostomy tube retention rate at 1 year among patients without recurrence was 13.0% (95% CI, 3.2%–29.7%). Conclusion: Minimal high-dose target volume expansions for hypopharynx cancers were associated with favorable locoregional control. This approach may enable therapy intensification to improve clinical outcomes.
Randomized Controlled Trials on Complementary and Traditional Medicine in the Korean Literature
Kim, Chang-Kyu,Kim, Da-Hee,Lee, Myeong Soo,Kim, Jong-In,Wieland, L. Susan,Shin, Byung-Cheul Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2014 No.-
<P><I>Objective</I>. This study aimed to identify all of the features of complementary and alternative (CAM) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the Korean literature and then introduce English-speaking researchers to the bibliometric and risk of bias characteristics of this literature.<I> Methods</I>. Eleven electronic databases and sixteen Korean journals were searched to August 2013 for RCTs of CAM therapies. Key study characteristics were extracted and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias.<I> Results</I>. Three hundred and sixty publications met our inclusion criteria. Complementary and traditional medicine RCTs in the Korean literature emerged in the mid-1990s and increased in the mid-2000s. The most common CAM interventions include acupuncture (59.4%) and herbal medicine (8.3%). The largest proportion of trials evaluated CAM for musculoskeletal conditions (20.7%). Adequate methods of randomization were reported in 41.7% of the RCTs, whereas only 8.3% reported adequate allocation concealment. A low proportion of trials reported participant blinding (34.2%) and outcome assessor blinding (22.5%).<I> Conclusions</I>. Korean CAM RCTs are typically omitted from systematic reviews resulting in the potential for language bias. This study will enable these trials of diverse quality to be identified and assessed for inclusion in future systematic reviews on CAM interventions.</P>
Ng Jeremy Y,Dhawan Tushar,Fajardo Renee-Gabrielle,Masood Hooriya A.,Sunderji Samira,L. Susan Wieland,Moher David 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.3
The definition of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) remains dynamic and complex despite a steady increase in the popularity/usage of CAIM therapies across the globe. A lack of consistency in how these terms are defined remains a challenge for researchers, clinicians, and national and international organizations (e.g., World Health Organization, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health) alike. In the present article, we provide a brief history of the use of these terminologies, and then outline the process we took to develop and create an operational definition of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine. Our operational definition is the first to be informed by a systematic search of four quality-assessed information resource types, ultimately yielding 604 unique CAIM therapies. We then developed a single search string for the most common bibliographic databases using the finalized operational definition list of CAIM therapies. These CAIM therapies were searched against the Therapeutic Research Center's “Natural Medicines” database for all 604 therapies, whereby each item's scientific name and/or synonym was included as a keyword or phrase in the search string. While the current definition is not without limitations and ongoing debates still surround the field, this work is arguably a steppingstone towards enabling increased collaboration and communication amongst healthcare clinicians, researchers, and the public. This operational definition provides a foundation for developing well-coordinated research efforts that will assist in the acceptance and understanding of this field, while also focusing on adopting knowledge translation techniques and efforts for further research advancement and use.
Jeremy Y. Ng,Tushar Dhawan,Renee-Gabrielle Fajardo,Hooriya A. Masood,Samira Sunderji,L. Susan Wieland,David Moher 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.4
The definition of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM) remains dynamic and complex despite a steady increase in the popularity/usage of CAIM therapies across the globe. A lack of consistency in how these terms are defined remains a challenge for researchers, clinicians, and national and international organizations (e.g., World Health Organization, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health) alike. In the present article, we provide a brief history of the use of these terminologies, and then outline the process we took to develop and create an operational definition of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine. Our operational definition is the first to be informed by a systematic search of four quality-assessed information resource types, ultimately yielding 604 unique CAIM therapies. We then developed a single search string for the most common bibliographic databases using the finalized operational definition list of CAIM therapies. These CAIM therapies were searched against the Therapeutic Research Center's “Natural Medicines” database for all 604 therapies, whereby each item's scientific name and/or synonym was included as a keyword or phrase in the search string. While the current definition is not without limitations and ongoing debates still surround the field, this work is arguably a steppingstone towards enabling increased collaboration and communication amongst healthcare clinicians, researchers, and the public. This operational definition provides a foundation for developing well-coordinated research efforts that will assist in the acceptance and understanding of this field, while also focusing on adopting knowledge translation techniques and efforts for further research advancement and use.