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Bromination Reaction of Methyl Pyropheophorbide--a
Wang, Jinjun,Han, Guangfan,Wu, Xuran,Wang, Lumin,Shen, Rongji CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2004 CHINESE JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol.24 No.5
<P>Methyl pyropheophorbide-a (MPP-a) was used as starting material for the synthesis of new bromine-substituted chlorin compounds. The bromines were introduced into 3-position and meso-position of the chlorin chromophore by addition reaction and substitution reaction with the bromide reagents to give mono-bromine- and tri-bromine-substituted chlorines. The formal addition product, hydrolyzate and esterified product were obtained by addition reaction with 30% hydrogen bromide in acetic acid. MPP-a was oxidized with OsO<SUB>4</SUB> in THF containing catalytic pyridine at 0 ℃, and followed by glycol cleavage with sodium periodate in aqueous THF to give the methyl pyropheophorbide- d (MPP-d) which was reacted with carbon tetrabromide and triphenylphosphine to generate gem-dibromine substituted product at 3~b-position. The structures of all new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV, IR and ]H NMR spectra.</P>
Knoevenagel Reaction of Pyropheophorbide and Synthesis of Its Heterocyclo-substituted Derivatives
Wang, Jinjun,Wu, Xuran,Han, Guangfan,Shen, Rongji 科學出版社 2005 CHINESE JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol.25 No.3
<P>Methyl pyropheophorbide-c? was used as starting material and the Knoevenagel reaction of the aldehyde group on pyropheophorbide with active methylene group in /?-diketone, a-cyanoketone or malono-nitrile was carried out to complete the synthesis of derivatives of methyl pyropheophorbide-a substituted with five-membered heterocycle at 3-positipon. The structures of all these new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV, IR and LH NMR spectra.</P>
Wang, Jinjun,Han, Guangfan,Wu, Xuran,Shen, Rongji CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2005 CHINESE JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Vol.25 No.1
<P>The chlorophyll-a (1) was converted into the chlorins 2b<SUP>4</SUP>b by air-oxidation in acid or basic condition. The methyl pheophorbide-a (5) was obtained from chlorophyll-a by transesterification and de-metallation. The addition to double bond at 3-position of 5 with hydrochloric acid yielded alcohol chlorin 6 which was oxidized purpure-18 derivative (7) by air-oxidation in basic condition. The methyl pheophor-bide-a (5) was oxidized with osmium oxide and sodium periodate to give chlorin 8 which was converted into aldehyde purpure-18 (9) and purpure-7 trimethyl ester (10) by air-oxidation in butanol in the presence of so-dium. The purpure-18 ester (3), prepared also from the pheophorbide-a (4) in the same reaction condition like the chlorophyll-a (1), reacted with 2-methylbutylamine to give AH2-methylbutyl)-purpure-18 imide (lla) and 12-formyl-purpure-18 imide (lib). The structures of all chlorophyll derivatives were characterized by UV, IR, JH NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The possible mechanisms in accordance with the corre-sponding chemical reaction and reaction condition were tentatively proposed.</P>
Zhao, ZhengLin,Kim, Sang Chan,Liu, HongFeng,Zhang, Jie,Wang, YuHua,Cho, Il Je,Lee, Bong Hyo,Song, Chang Hyun,Lee, Chul Won,Yang, Chae Ha,Zhao, RongJie,Wu, YiYan Hindawi 2017 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2017 No.-
<P>Acupuncture improves ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety in rats in an acupoint-dependent manner. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of acupuncture on acute restraint stress- (ARS-) induced anxiety. Male rats were exposed to ARS for 3 h followed by acupuncture at either PC6 (Neiguan), HT7 (Shenmen), or a nonacupoint (tail) once a day for three consecutive days. Five minutes after the third acupuncture treatment, anxiety-like behavior was evaluated in an elevated plus maze (EPM). Additionally, plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Acupuncture at PC6, but not HT7 or a nonacupoint, attenuated anxiety-like behavior, but this attenuation was abolished by a postacupunctural intra-CeA infusion of NE. Acupuncture at PC6 also reduced the oversecretion of plasma CORT and inhibited increases in amygdaloid NE and MHPG induced by ARS. Further, Western blot analyses and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays revealed that acupuncture at PC6 prevented ARS-induced enhancements in the protein and mRNA expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase in the CeA. These results suggest that acupuncture performed specifically at acupoint PC6 reduces ARS-induced anxiety-like behavior by dampening amygdaloid noradrenergic responses.</P>
자오정린,왕옌,린훵,후우후이,저우후우??,장수찬,한누리,정대화,양재하,김상찬,자오르옹지에,Zhao, ZhengLin,Wang, Yan,Lin, Feng,Fu, Hui,Zhou, FuBo,Chang, Suchan,Han, Nu Ri,Jung, Dae Hwa,Yang, Chae Ha,Kim, Sang Chan,Zhao, RongJie The Korean Medicine Society for the Herbal Formula 2014 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.22 No.1
Background and objective: Methamphetamine (Meth) is a widely abused psychostimulant that produces hyperlocomotion in rodents. Radix of Glycyrrhizae uralensis comprises a variety of bioactive components that have neuroprotective effects. In a previous study, we have demonstrated methanol extracts from radix of Glycyrrhizae uralensis (MEGR) suppress acute cocaine-induced extracellular dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. In the present study, we investigated the effect of MEGR on acute Meth-induced hyperlocomotion. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with MEGR (60 mg/kg and 180 mg/kg) 60 min prior to an intraperitoneal injection of Meth (1.0 mg/kg). Results: Behavioral analysis showed acute Meth greatly increased locomotor activities, while pretreatment with MEGR dose dependently inhibited the hyperlocomotion. In parallel, there were markedly increased levels of dopamine and its metabolite 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the nucleus accumbens tissues in Meth-treated rats, which were also almost completely reversed by 180 mg/kg MEGR. Conclusions: These results showed that radix of Glycyrrhizae uralensis attenuates Meth-induced hyperlocomotion by inhibiting dopamine synthesis and utilization, suggesting that radix of Glycyrrhizae uralensis might be effective in blocking the rewarding effect of Meth.