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Characterization and Field Measurements of NB-PLC for LV Network
Masood, Bilal,Ellahi, Manzoor,Khan, Waheed Aftab,Akram, Waqar,Usman, Muhamad,Gul, Muhammad Talha The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.1
This paper presents a procedure for field measurements which provides a generalized Narrowband Power Line Communications (NB-PLC) channel model for low voltage (LV) access network in order to deploy advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) within Lahore, Pakistan. The measurements of allocated sites were performed in the residential (urban and rural), industrial and commercial electricity consumers for the NB-PLC channel modeling of overhead transmission lines (TLs). On the basis of extensive field measurement results, the average attenuation profile and transfer functions are presented. The results obtained from field measurements are validated by comparing them with a proposed Simulink model. A close agreement in the measured and simulated transfer function (TF) results is observed. The proposed Simulink model is an effort to model the NB-PLC channels in an effective way, especially in South Asian countries.
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Characterization and Field Measurements of NB-PLC for LV Network
Bilal Masood,Manzoor Ellahi,Waheed Aftab Khan,Waqar Akram,Muhamad Usman,Muhammad Talha Gul 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.1
This paper presents a procedure for field measurements which provides a generalized Narrowband Power Line Communications (NB-PLC) channel model for low voltage (LV) access network in order to deploy advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) within Lahore, Pakistan. The measurements of allocated sites were performed in the residential (urban and rural), industrial and commercial electricity consumers for the NB-PLC channel modeling of overhead transmission lines (TLs). On the basis of extensive field measurement results, the average attenuation profile and transfer functions are presented. The results obtained from field measurements are validated by comparing them with a proposed Simulink model. A close agreement in the measured and simulated transfer function (TF) results is observed. The proposed Simulink model is an effort to model the NB-PLC channels in an effective way, especially in South Asian countries.
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Muhammad Asim Rasheed,Kamran Ahmad,Nilem Khaliq,Yaqoob Khan,Muhammad Aftab Rafiq,Abdul Waheed,Attaullah Shah,Arshad Mahmood,Ghafar Ali 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.3
The effect of electrochemical reduction on the structural and electrical properties of amorphous as well as annealed TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) is investigated under ambient conditions. TNTs were prepared by anodizing titanium sheet in ethylene glycol electrolyte containing NH4F and de-ionized water at 40 V for 6 h. Electrochemical reduction is carried out in 1 M aqueous KOH solution for ~15 s at 3 V. TNTs are characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS and impedance spectrometer. XRD results confirm an increase in dspacing for (101) and (200) planes, after electrochemical reduction. XPS data reveal that electrochemical reduction produced prominent shifts of ~0.7e1.0 eV in the binding energies of TNTs. Interestingly, these shifts recover completely (in case of amorphous TNTs) and partially (in case of anatase TNTs) within ~7 days after reduction process due to oxygen uptake. Partial recovery in the binding energies of anatase TNTs is due to the fact that the oxygen vacancies are thermodynamically more stable as compared to amorphous TNTs. Similarly, the electrochemical reduction process decreases the impedance values of TNTs by more than three orders of magnitudes (from MU to kU). The impedance values also recover to the similar values before reduction in a span of ~7days.
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