Multivariate Congestion Prediction using Stacked LSTM Autoencoder based Bidirectional LSTM Model

Vijayalakshmi B,Thanga Ramya S,Ramar K 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.1

In intelligent transportation systems, traffic management is an important task. The accurate forecasting of traffic characteristics like flow, congestion, and density is still active research because of the non-linear nature and uncertainty of the spatiotemporal data. Inclement weather, such as rain and snow, and other special events such as holidays, accidents, and road closures have a significant impact on driving and the average speed of vehicles on the road, which lowers traffic capacity and causes congestion in a widespread manner. This work designs a model for multivariate short-term traffic congestion prediction using SLSTM_AE-BiLSTM. The proposed design consists of a Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory(BiLSTM) network to predict traffic flow value and a Convolutional Neural network (CNN) model for detecting the congestion status. This model uses spatial static temporal dynamic data. The stacked Long Short Term Memory Autoencoder (SLSTM AE) is used to encode the weather features into a reduced and more informative feature space. BiLSTM model is used to capture the features from the past and present traffic data simultaneously and also to identify the long-term dependencies. It uses the traffic data and encoded weather data to perform the traffic flow prediction. The CNN model is used to predict the recurring congestion status based on the predicted traffic flow value at a particular urban traffic network. In this work, a publicly available Caltrans PEMS dataset with traffic parameters is used. The proposed model generates the congestion prediction with an accuracy rate of 92.74% which is slightly better when compared with other deep learning models for congestion prediction.

The Effect of BTX Compounds on the Biodegradation of ETBE by an ETBE Degrading Bacterial Consortium

Vijayalakshmi Gunasekaran,Luke Stam,Magda Constantí 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.6

Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) is a fuel oxygenatethat is commonly used in Europe to achieve completecombustion of automobile fuels and to control air pollution. It is potentially toxic and can enter the human system viacontaminated water bodies. In the present study, we haveidentified an enriched bacterial consortium from a gasolinecontaminatedsite that can degrade ETBE. Bacterialconsortium A was able to degrade 47% of the added ETBEin 4 days and it continued to degrade up to 51% in 9 days. Consortium A consisted of Xanthomonas sp., Methylibiumsp., Methylobacillus sp., and Methylovorus sp. which wereidentified as the participating bacteria during ETBEdegradation by DGGE - 16S rDNA analysis. In addition toETBE, this consortium degraded benzene, toluene andxylene isomers (BTX) when they were present as the solecarbon source. The degradation efficiency increasedpredominantly when ETBE was included as an additionalcarbon source. Interestingly, the degradation of ETBEdecreased to 14% in 9 days when present with BTXcompounds. We report that ETBE degradation is sloweddown or inhibited when BTX compounds are present. Thisis a crucial observation for ETBE degradation in the naturalenvironment.

Time Domain Based Digital Controller for Buck-Boost Converter

Vijayalakshmi, S,Sree Renga Raja, T 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.5

Design, Simulation and experimental analysis of closed loop time domain based Discrete PWM buck-boost converter are described. To improve the transient response and dynamic stability of the proposed converter, Discrete PID controller is the most preferable one. Discrete controller does not require any precise analytical model of the system to be controlled. The control system of the converter is designed using digital PWM technique. The proposed controller improves the dynamic performance of the buck-boost converter by achieving a robust output voltage against load disturbances, input voltage variations and changes in circuit components. The converter is designed through simulation using MATLAB / Simulink and performance parameters are also measured. The discrete controller is implemented, and design goal is achieved and the same is verified against theoretical calculation using LabVIEW.

Simultaneous degradation of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds by catalytic wet-peroxidation process using box-behnken design

Vijayalakshmi Gosu,Shivali Arora,Verraboina Subbaramaiah 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.4

The present study investigates the feasibility of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) (Pyridine-Quinoline) degradation by catalytic wet peroxidation (CWPO) in the presence of nanoscale zerovalent iron supported on granular activated carbon (nFe0/GAC) using statistical optimization technique. Response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the process parameters of CWPO process such as initial pH, catalyst dose, hydrogen peroxide dose, initial concentration of pyridine (Py) and quinolone (Qn) were chosen as the main variables, and total organic carbon (TOC) removal and total Fe leaching were selected as the investigated response. The optimization of process parameters by desirability function showed the ~85% of TOC removal with process condition of initial solution pH 3.5, catalyst dose of 0.55 g/L, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.34 mmol, initial concentration of Py 200 mg/L and initial concentration of Qn 200 mg/L. Further, for TOC removal the analysis of variance results of the RSM revealed that all parameter i.e. initial pH, catalyst dose, hydrogen peroxide dose, initial concentration of Py and initial concentration of Qn were highly significant according to the p values (p < 0.05). The quadratic model was found to be the best fit for experimental data. The present study revealed that BBD was reliable and effective for the determination of the optimum conditions for CWPO of NHCs (Py-Qn).

Use of Fast Transfer Analysis Cartridges for Cervical Sampling and Real Time PCR Based High Risk HPV Testing in Cervical Cancer Prevention - a Feasibility Study from South India

Vijayalakshmi, Ramshankar,Viveka, Thangaraj Soundara,Malliga, JS,Murugan, Kothandaraman,Kanchana, Albert,Arvind, Krishnamurthy Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: Molecular testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most objective and reproducible of all cervical cancer screening tests and also less demanding in terms of training and quality assurance. However, there is an impending need for cost effective molecular HPV testing methods with sampling ease, easy storage measures and minimum turn around times suitable for a low resource setting. Objective : Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of using a fast transfer analysis (FTA) mini elute cartridge for cervical sampling to identify high risk HPV by real time PCR and to compare molecular HPV testing and Pap cytology testing to predict histologically confirmed cervical precancer (CIN 2+ lesions) in a cervical cancer prevention program. Materials and Methods: This was conducted as a pilot study (n=200) on women sampled using FTA mini elute cartridges, genotyped by two different real time PCR assays, detecting 13 high risk HPV (HR HPV) species, including HPV16 along with its physical DNA status. Results obtained from each of the tests were compared and analysed using suitable statistical tests. Results: With FTA mini elute cartridge samples HR HPV positivity was seen in 48/200 (24%). Of these, presence of HPV 16 DNA was observed in 28/48 (58.3%) women. High risk HPV was positive in 20% (37/185) of women with benign cytology and 73.3% (11/15) of women with abnormal cytology findings. A very significant correlation (${\chi}^2=22.090$ ; p=0.000) was observed between cytology and HR HPV findings showing an increasing trend of HR HPV prevalence in 50% (1/2) of LSIL, 75% (3/4) of HSIL and 100% (3/3) of SCC. Of the CIN 2+ lesions identified by histopathology, 88.9% (8/9) had HR HPV. A significant association (${\chi}^2=11.223$ ; p=0.001) of HR HPV and histopathologically confirmed CIN 2+ lesions was found. Sensitivity of the two tests were comparable but specificity of Pap testing was better (90.7% vs 70.4%) to predict histopathologically diagnosed cervical precancers. Conclusions: The current study explored the feasibility of using a FTA mini elute cartridge for cervical sampling for the first time in India as a part of a community based cervical cancer prevention program. We suggest that FTA based sampling is suitable and feasible for real time based HPV testing. Molecular HR HPV testing can be more sensitive and useful to identify high risk women requiring Pap testing which is more specific to detect histologically confirmed cervical precancer.

Introgression of Sub1 QTL alters aerenchyma-mediated gas exchange and stored carbohydrates to maintain yield under flooding stress in rice

Vijayalakshmi D.,Raveendran M. 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.1

Floods can completely submerge rice felds. When rice is submerged, various anatomical and physiological changes occur at cellular and whole plant levels. New submergence tolerant varieties have been developed for the beneft of farmers in fooded areas. The present investigation comprised of evaluating a Sub 1introgressed CO 43 variety (CO 43 Sub 1 Nil) along with its donor (FR13A) and cultivated variety CO 43, for diferent anatomical and physiological traits underlying fooding stress tolerance. The results revealed that one of the adaptive trait of rice is the constitutive development of aerenchyma when submerged. It also showed that lesser porosity or air cavities in the leaf, stem and root aerenchymas of the tolerant varieties (FR13A and CO43 Sub 1 Nil) showed limited gas exchange and conserved the stored carbohydrates. The susceptible variety (CO 43) showed higher percentage increase in porosity in all the tissues studied. The plants also showed limited underwater elongation and higher survival percentage for seven days of fooding stress. The yield advantage of CO 43 Sub 1 Nil showed a two fold increase in all the yield components compared to CO 43 following submergence. This was due to its ability to utilize the stored carbohydrate immediately after withdrawal of stress to enhance photosynthetic rate and conductance, for greater biomass and yield. A strong positive correlation exists between leaf and stem carbohydrate contents and the survival percentage before and after submergence. The paper highlights the role of aerenchyma in regulating the gas exchange and stored carbohydrates in improving the tolerance of CO 43 Sub 1 Nil to fooding stress.

Interactive effects of elevated CO2 with combined heat and drought stresses on the physiology and yield of C3 and C4 plants

Vijayalakshmi D.,Priya J. Ranjani,Vinitha A.,Ramya G. 한국작물학회 2024 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.27 No.1

Increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) concentration along with increase in temperature and drought has significant impact on the crop production. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the individual and interactive effects of elevated CO2 (800 ppm), drought (50% field capacity) and heat (40 °C) on gas exchange parameters, membrane integrity, reproductive physiology and yield of two C3 (Rice, Green gram) and two C4 (Maize, Ragi) crop species. Stress treatments, viz., T1: a [CO2] + a T + irrigation (100%), T2: a [CO2] + a T + irrigation (50%), T3: a [CO2] + e T (40 °C) + irrigation (100%), T4: e [CO2] – 800 ppm + a T + irrigation (100%), T5: a [CO2] + combined stress [e T (40 °C) + irrigation (50%) T6: e [CO2] – 800 ppm + combined stress [e T (40 °C) + irrigation (50%)] were given for 21 days from initiation of flowering. Drought and heat increased stomatal frequency and reduced stomatal area. CO2 enrichment decreased stomatal frequency with greater photosynthetic rate (13.65%) in green gram and rice (10.91%) coupled with reduced transpiration rates. Stresses led to increased malondialdehyde contents. Higher CO2 environments improved pollen viability and pollen germination. Percent increase in yield of rice (15.34) and green gram (16.58) was higher than maize (6.52) and ragi (6.01) with enriched CO2

A Novel Double Frequency SEPIC Converter with Improved Transient Characteristics and Efficiency

Vijayalakshmi S.,Marimuthu M.,Jayakumar N.,Vighneshwari B. Devi,Paranthagan B.,Rani Nisha C.,Shenbagalakshmi R. 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.2

A novel double frequency SEPIC converter is discussed in this paper. Effi ciency, static and dynamic characteristics of the dc to dc power converters are the concerned factors in power electronics. In order to improve the above factors, switching frequency play a vital role in converters. Hence, include High switching frequency in the converter can improve the dynamic characteristics, but it reduces the effi ciency. In other words, put in low switching frequency in the converter may result in better effi ciency but produces poor dynamic characteristic. In this concern double-frequency SEPIC converter is proposed. This SEPIC dc-dc converter consists of two SEPIC cells: one functions at high switching frequency, and other functions at low switching frequency. The proposed SEPIC converter reveals enhanced steady state and transient characteristic than the other single frequency SEPIC converter and produces high effi ciency also. The results of simulation and hardware prove that the anticipated converter extremely progresses the effi ciency and displays more or less equal the same dynamics as the traditional high frequency SEPIC converter.

Electromagnetic, Vibration and Thermal Analysis of 1.1 kw Switched Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicle Application

Karunakaran Vijayalakshmi,Kandadai Nagaratnam Srinivas 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.3

This paper presents the electromagnetic analysis, vibration analysis and thermal analysis of a 6/4 pole, 1.1 kW switched reluctance motor (SRM), focusing on its application to EV, in the sense that the vibration and thermal analyses are carried out at speeds of range more than 1000 rpm, which usually experienced by EV SRM. At first, electromagnetic analysis is performed for six different silicon steel materials viz., 35JN210, 35JN300, 50JN470, 50JNA350, 50JNA600 and 50JNE350, and from the results, it has been noted that the material 35JN210 has less torque ripple and a good efficiency compared to all other materials. So this material is selected for SRM structure to perform thermal and vibration analysis. SRM proves to be a suitable candidate in electric vehicle application with the limitation with respect to its vibration and noise. The noise generation during motor operation is a major concern for SRM. The main source of vibration, the radial force, is calculated using two- dimensional (2D) transient finite-element analysis (FEA).The electromagnetic analysis is performed to find out the force exerted on the stator and deformations due to that. Using these nodal forces as input, transient analysis is performed to examine the motor's vibration characteristics. By this analysis, the motor modal frequencies are examined so that the motor operation could be skipped from operating in this vibrating region when it is used in electric vehicle applications. For thermal analysis, FEA is used to calculate the heat generation and temperature distribution on different parts of the machine to estimate the thermal behaviour of the motor.

Lung Cancer Detection by Screening - Presenting Circulating miRNAs as a Promising Next Generation Biomarker Breakthrough

Ramshankar, Vijayalakshmi,Krishnamurthy, Arvind Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4

Lung cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for more deaths than any other cause. All the clinical practice guidelines recommended against routine screening for lung cancer have cited lack of robust evidence, at least until a few years back. However, the potential to screen lung cancers has received renewed interest due to superior performance of low dose CT (LD-CT) in detecting early stage cancers. The incremental costs and risks involved due to the invasive procedures in the screened population due to a high false positivity rate questions the use of LD-CT scan as a reliable community based screening tool. There is therefore an urgent need to find a less invasive and a more reliable biomarker that is crucial to increase the probability of early lung cancer detection. This can truly make a difference in lung cancer survival and at the same time be more cost and resource utilization effective. Sampling blood serum being minimally invasive, low risk and providing an easy to obtain biofluid, needs to be explored for potential biomarkers. This review discusses the use of circulatory miRNAs that have been able to discriminate lung cancer patients from disease free controls. Several studies conducted recently suggest that circulating miRNAs may have promising future applications for screening and early detection of lung cancer.