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A New Marginal Color Image Water Marking Method based on Logical Operators
B. Vijaya Kumar,M.Radhika Mani,G. Roseline NesaKumari,Dr. V. Vijaya Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2009 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.3 No.4
Image hiding is a technique that embeds the images into a cover image which makes the watermarks imperceptible so that they can be securely transmitted to the receiver. In this paper, an effective color image watermarking method based on the marginal strategy is proposed. The method uses logical operators like AND and XOR on the nibble to hide the image with in the cover image. To test the robustness of the stego image the present method is applied on different kinds of cover images and the resulting perceptual quality is good.
Vijaya Saradhi.T,Kodukula Subrahmanyam,Debnath Bhattacharyya,Tai-hoon Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.8
A skyline of a n-dimensional data contains the data objects that are not dominated by any other data object on all dimensions. However, as the number of data dimensions increases the probability of domination points become very low, accordingly the number of points in the skyline becomes large. Also skyline search space has been identified as the key problem in real-time multidimensional databases. None of the traditional search techniques include the use of dimensionality reduction to optimize the search space. Skyline query computation on the server consecutively reduces the amount of data transferred between the server sites. Traditional static lower bound and upper bound probability computation will increase the number of non-dominance points. In this proposed work, an optimized skyline boundary detection algorithm is used to filter the skyline objects and pruning the local probability. Also, global probability computation was improved on the large skyline databases in order to minimize the search space and storage .The experimental results show that the efficiency of the proposed approach compared to traditional static skyline bound techniques in terms of time and search space are concerned.
Vijaya Manohar,Bobby Echard,Nicholas Perricone,Cass Ingram,Mary Enig,Debasis Bagchi,Harry G. Preuss 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.6
Since monolaurin, a monoglyceride formed in the human body in small quantities, has proven effective both in vitro and in vivo against certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus, an important question arises whether consuming a substance high in lauric acid content, such as coconut oil could increase intrinsic monolaurin production to levels that would be successful in overcoming staphylococcal and other microbial invaders. Both a cup plate method and a microdilution broth culture system were employed to test bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of the test agents in vitro. To test effectiveness in vivo, female C3H/he mice (10–12 per group) were orally administered sterile saline (regular control), vancomycin (positive control), aqueous monolaurin, or two varieties of coconut oil (refined, bleached, deodorized coconut oil and virgin coconut oil) for 1 week before bacterial challenge and 30 days after. A final group received both monolaurin and vancomycin. In contrast to monolaurin, the coconut oils did not show bactericidal activity in vitro. In vivo, the groups receiving vancomycin, monolaurin, or the combination showed some protection—50–70% survival, whereas the protection from the coconut oils were virtually the same as control—0–16% survival. Although we did not find that the two coconut oils are helpful to overcome S. aureus infections, we corroborated earlier studies showing the ability of monolaurin to do such.
Vijaya Madhuri Devraj,Satish Kumar Vemuri,Rajkiran Reddy Banala,Shravan Kumar Gunda,Gurava Reddy AV,Subbaiah GPV 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.6
Study Design: Development of an in vitro model for assessing the anti-inflammatory efficacies of naringin (Nar) and naringenin (NG). Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of natural flavonoids as therapeutic drugs against anti-inflammatory processes in the nucleus pulposus (NP) cells using in-vitro and in-silico methods. Overview of Literature: Intervertebral disc (IVD) disease is a common cause of low back pain. Chronic inflammation and degeneration play a significant role in its etiopathology. Thus, a better understanding of anti-inflammatory agents and their role in IVD degeneration and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression is necessary for pain management and regeneration in IVD. Methods: We performed primary cell culture of NP cells; immunocytochemistry; gene expression studies of cytokines, metalloproteases, extracellular proteins, and apoptotic markers using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); cytotoxicity assay (MTT); and molecular docking studies using AutoDock 4.2 software (Molecular Graphics Laboratory, La Jolla, CA, USA) to confirm the binding mode of proteins and synthesized complexes. We calculated the mean±standard deviation values and performed analysis of variance and t -test using SPSS ver. 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Molecular docking showed that both Nar and NG bind to the selected genes of interest. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis reveals differential gene expression of collagen (COL)9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, COL11A2, COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase), and THBS2 (thrombospondin 2); up regulation of ACAN (aggrecan), COL1A1, COL11A1, interleukin (IL)6, IL10, IL18R1, IL18RAP, metalloprotease (MMP)2, MMP3, MMP9, ADAMTS5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5), IGF1R (insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor), SPARC (secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich), PARK2 (parkin), VDR (vitamin D receptor), and BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma 2); down regulation of IL1A, CASP3 (caspase 3), and nine genes with predetermined concentrations of Nar and NG. Conclusions: The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and regenerative efficiencies of Nar and NG in degenerated human NP cells. Altered gene expressions of cytokines, metalloproteases, extracellular proteins, apoptotic genes were dose responsive. The molecular docking (in silico ) studies showed effective binding of these native ligands (Nar and NG) with genes identified as potent inhibitors of inflammation. Thus, these natural flavonoids could serve as anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of low back pain and sciatica.
Failure Criteria of Cellular Steel Beams Under Ambient and Elevated Temperature
Vijaya K. Kotapati,Ashish P. Khatri 한국강구조학회 2022 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.22 No.5
The fi re resistance time of a member plays a signifi cant role in structural fi re safety. The determination of FR time for cellular steel beam is quite complicated because of irregular geometry due to the presence of web openings. Hence, the present numerical study intends to provide the upper bound FR time of CBs with eff ect of governing load determined either from shear or fl exure criteria. The fi nite element models are fi rst validated against a set of beam tests and numerical data from literature by performing structural, thermal, and thermo-mechanical analyses of solid as well as CBs. The developed FE model is used to perform parametric studies to further investigate the structural response of CBs in a standard fi re. The various parameters considered in the present study are the size and spacing of the opening, various span to depth ratios of beams, and web slenderness. In all the numerical analyses, CBs are analyzed with a uniformly distributed load and having simply supported boundary conditions. The FR time of CB is evaluated based on the three failure criterias viz. shear, fl exure, and defl ection. The study shows that the web slenderness with size and spacing of the opening infl uences governing failure mechanism at elevated temperatures.
Machine learning-based design automation of CMOS analog circuits using SCA-mGWO algorithm
Vijaya Babu E,Syamala Y 한국전자통신연구원 2022 ETRI Journal Vol.44 No.5
Analog circuit design is comparatively more complex than its digital counterpart due to its nonlinearity and low level of abstraction. This study proposes a novel low-level hybrid of the sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) and modified greywolf optimization (mGWO) algorithm for machine learning-based design automation of CMOS analog circuits using an all-CMOS voltage reference circuit in 40-nm standard process. The optimization algorithm’s efficiency is further tested using classical functions, showing that it outperforms other competing algorithms. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the variation and power usage, while satisfying all the design limitations. Through the interchange of scripts for information exchange between two environments, the SCA-mGWO algorithm is implemented and simultaneously simulated. The results show the robustness of analog circuit design generated using the SCAmGWO algorithm, over various corners, resulting in a percentage variation of 0.85%. Monte Carlo analysis is also performed on the presented analog circuit for output voltage and percentage variation resulting in significantly low mean and standard deviation.
Vijaya Kumar Narne,Nachiketa Tiwari 한국언어재활사협회 2021 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.6 No.2
Purpose: The Long-Term Average Speech Spectrum (LTASS) and Dynamic Range (DR) of speech strongly influence estimates of Speech Intelligibility Index (SII), gain and compression required for hearing aid fitting. It is also known that acoustic and linguistic characteristics of a language have a bearing on its LTASS and DR. Thus, there is a need to estimate LTASS and DR for Indian languages. The present work on three Indian languages fills this gap and contrasts LTASS and DR attributes of these languages against British English. Methods: For this purpose, LTASS and DR were measured for 21 one-third octave bands in the frequency range of 0.1 to 10 kHz for Hindi, Kannada, Indian English and British English. Results: Our work shows that the DR of Indian languages studied is 7–10 dB less relative to that of British English. We also report that LTASS levels for Indian languages are 7 dB lower relative to British English for frequencies above 1 kHz. Finally, we observed that LTASS and DR attributes across genders were more or less the same. Conclusions: Given the evidence presented in this work that LTASS and DR characteristics for Indian languages analyzed are markedly different than those for BE, there is a need to determine Indian language specific SII, as well as gain and compression parameters used in hearing aids.