Nanomaterials for the sensing of narcotics: Challenges and opportunities

Kumar, Vanish,Kumar, Pawan,Pournara, Anastasia,Vellingiri, Kowsalya,Kim, Ki-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.106 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In recent years, nanomaterials have become a rapidly developing material technology due to their numerous advantages (e.g., high surface area, tunable surface structures, and advanced optical/electrical/mechanical features) and tremendous potential in biomedical, environmental, and energy applications. Here, we offer a comprehensive review on the advances, challenges, and opportunities of nanomaterial-based sensing technology for narcotics. To this end, the synthesis and applicability of nanomaterials (e.g., carbon-based nanostructures, semiconductor nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and polymer nanostructures) for narcotics sensing are described in detail along with their diverse principles/mechanisms (e.g., electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)). Recent progress in the development of nanomaterials has been evaluated based on sensing performance (and operational conditions) including parameters related to efficiency, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, reusability, and economic viability. At last, this review offers prospects for the future research and development needed for nanomaterial-based sensing technology for the detection of narcotics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> In this review, the advances of nanomaterial-based sensing technology for narcotics are described. </LI> <LI> To this end, their synthesis and applicability are dealt with their diverse principles/mechanisms. </LI> <LI> Recent progress in this field is evaluated based on sensing performance and operational conditions. </LI> <LI> The future research and development for narcotics sensing are proposed after all. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Simple and Mediator-Free Urea Sensing Based on Engineered Nanodiamonds with Polyaniline Nanofibers Synthesized in Situ

Kumar, Vanish,Mahajan, Rashmi,Kaur, Inderpreet,Kim, Ki-Hyun American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.20

<P>In an effort to develop a simple and mediator free sensing media for urea, a polyaniline (PANT) and graphitized nanodiamOnd (GND) nanocomposite was prepared at room temperature via an in situ interfacial polymerization approach. The interaction of ions produced during the hydrolysis of urea with nanomaterial was utilized for the amperometric sensing of urea. The performance of this composite (GND/PANI) was evaluated for the detection of urea referenced to PANI. Accordingly, both platforms exhibited good linearity across a varying concentration of 0.1 to 0.9 mg mL(-1) with limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.07 (PANT) and 0.05 mg mL(-1) (GNDs-PANI). As such, both of them were able to detect urea well below the common range in real samples. Moreover, their sensitivities were also determined as 140.5 and 381.5 mu A (mg mL(-1))(-1) cm(-2) with a response time of 15 and 20 s, respectively. As such, the incorporation of GND with PANT was helpful toward enhancement of sensitivity.</P>

Graphene and its nanocomposites as a platform for environmental applications

Kumar, Vanish,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Park, Jae-Woo,Hong, Jongki,Kumar, Sandeep Elsevier 2017 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.315 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with unique characteristics that can be used to efficiently remove organic pollutants in the aqueous system via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. This review was organized to offer valuable insights into the mechanisms regulating the graphene and its related nanomaterials as the platform for the treatment of various organic pollutants in aqueous media. To this end, the performance variables of graphene, functionalized graphene, and graphene-supported materials are evaluated for such applications in some respects. Our discussion is extended further to describe regeneration and reuse of these nanomaterials along with future challenges encountered in their applications, especially on toxicity and stability aspects.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Wastes generated during industrial processes play a major role in organic pollution. </LI> <LI> Graphene and its derivatives have attracted significant attention in the field of water treatment. </LI> <LI> Their mechanisms to treat organic molecules via adsorption/degradation are described. </LI> <LI> Their performance in such treatment is evaluated along with the reusability and toxicity. </LI> </UL> </P>

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its photocatalytic applications for removal of organic pollutants in water

Jagpreet Singh,Vanish Kumar,Sukhwinder Singh Jolly,김기현,Mohit Rawat,Deepak Kukkar,Yiu Fai Tsang 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.80 No.-

A facile/clean/sustainable route for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was investigatedusing Trigonella foenum-graecum (TF) leaf extract. The bio-reduced Ag NPs showed photocatalyticdegradation potential of 88% and 86% for reactive blue 19 (RB19) and reactive yellow 186 (RY186),respectively (at 180 min). The complete mineralization of degraded medium was monitored by decline inchemical oxygen demand (COD). The role of activation energy in photocatalytic degradation process wasinvestigated across different temperatures. In light of their photocatalytic efficiency, reusability, andenvironment friendly synthesis approach, biogenic Ag NPs were demonstrated as effective system forefficient water purification.

Nanoparticle-plant interaction: Implications in energy, environment, and agriculture

Rai, Prabhat Kumar,Kumar, Vanish,Lee, SangSoo,Raza, Nadeem,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Ok, Yong Sik,Tsang, Daniel C.W. Elsevier 2018 Environment international Vol.119 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the recent techno-scientific revolution, nanotechnology has gained popularity at a rapid pace in different sectors and disciplines, specifically environmental, sensing, bioenergy, and agricultural systems. Controlled, easy, economical, and safe synthesis of nanomaterials is desired for the development of new-age nanotechnology. In general, nanomaterial synthesis techniques, such as chemical synthesis, are not completely safe or environmentally friendly due to harmful chemicals used or to toxic by-products produced. Moreover, a few nanomaterials are present as by-product during washing process, which may accumulate in water, air, and soil system to pose serious threats to plants, animals, and microbes. In contrast, using plants for nanomaterial (especially nanoparticle) synthesis has proven to be environmentally safe and economical. The role of plants as a source of nanoparticles is also likely to expand the number of options for sustainable green renewable energy, especially in biorefineries. Despite several advantages of nanotechnology, the nano-revolution has aroused concerns in terms of the fate of nanoparticles in the environment because of the potential health impacts caused by nanotoxicity upon their release. In the present panoramic review, we discuss the possibility that a multitudinous array of nanoparticles may find applications convergent with human welfare based on the synthesis of diverse nanoparticles from plants and their extracts. The significance of plant–nanoparticle interactions has been elucidated further for nanoparticle synthesis, applications of nanoparticles, and the disadvantages of using plants for synthesizing nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss future prospects of plant–nanoparticle interactions in relation to the environment, energy, and agriculture with implications in nanotechnology.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The use of plants for nanomaterial synthesis has proven to be environmentally safe and economical. </LI> <LI> Here, we discuss the knowledge gap that exists regarding the interactions between NPs and plant. </LI> <LI> Such interactions are elucidated for their synthesis, applications, and the disadvantages. </LI> <LI> Finally, we discuss prospects of plant–NP interactions with implications in nanotechnology. </LI> </UL> </P>

Production of bioplastic through food waste valorization

Tsang, Yiu Fai,Kumar, Vanish,Samadar, Pallabi,Yang, Yi,Lee, Jechan,Ok, Yong Sik,Song, Hocheol,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kwon, Eilhann E.,Jeon, Young Jae Elsevier 2019 Environment international Vol.127 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The tremendous amount of food waste from diverse sources is an environmental burden if disposed of inappropriately. Thus, implementation of a biorefinery platform for food waste is an ideal option to pursue (e.g., production of value-added products while reducing the volume of waste). The adoption of such a process is expected to reduce the production cost of biodegradable plastics (e.g., compared to conventional routes of production using overpriced pure substrates (e.g., glucose)). This review focuses on current technologies for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from food waste. Technical details were also described to offer clear insights into diverse pretreatments for preparation of raw materials for the actual production of bioplastic (from food wastes). In this respect, particular attention was paid to fermentation technologies based on pure and mixed cultures. A clear description on the chemical modification of starch, cellulose, chitin, and caprolactone is also provided with a number of case studies (covering PHA-based products) along with a discussion on the prospects of food waste valorization approaches and their economic/technical viability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The tremendous amount of food waste (FW) is produced from diverse sources. </LI> <LI> To resolve FW problems, implementation of a biorefinery platform for FW is essential. </LI> <LI> The adoption of such a process can produce value-added products while reducing the waste. </LI> <LI> This review focuses on current technologies for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). </LI> <LI> Prospects of FW valorization are discussed along with their economic/technical viability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based advanced sensing platforms for the detection of hydrogen sulfide

Vikrant, Kumar,Kumar, Vanish,Ok, Yong Sik,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Deep, Akash Elsevier 2018 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.105 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hydrogen sulfide (H<SUB>2</SUB>S) is and a colorless, corrosive, flammable, and toxic gas with a characteristic rotten egg smell. Although its detection can be conducted by conventional methods (like gas chromatography), highly effective and sensitive detection of H<SUB>2</SUB>S has been realized with the usage of various nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanostructures, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and quantum dots). Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as employed for such applications either in their pristine or modified forms, have been recognized as the effective media for sensing of H<SUB>2</SUB>S due to synergistic effects in addition to their well-known merits (e.g., the large specific surface). This review has been organized to describe the potential applicability of MOF-based sensing against H<SUB>2</SUB>S through comparative evaluation of their capability against other materials or tools. We also discuss the present obstacles and outline the future scope of research on MOF-based sensing tools.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The monitoring and control of inordinately odorous gases like hydrogen sulfide, H<SUB>2</SUB>S is important. </LI> <LI> Conventional methods of H<SUB>2</SUB>S suffer from many demerits such as the need for complex instruments. </LI> <LI> Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and hybrids/composites have high sensing potential for H<SUB>2</SUB>S. </LI> <LI> This review highlights recent advances and factors associated with the sensing of H<SUB>2</SUB>S by MOFs. </LI> <LI> Our discussion attempts to uncover the present obstacles and challenges in this field of research. </LI> </UL> </P>

Biomolecule-embedded metal-organic frameworks as an innovative sensing platform

Kempahanumakkagari, Sureshkumar,Kumar, Vanish,Samaddar, Pallabi,Kumar, Pawan,Ramakrishnappa, Thippeswamy,Kim, Ki-Hyun Elsevier 2018 BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES Vol.36 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Technological advancements combined with materials research have led to the generation of enormous types of novel substrates and materials for use in various biological/medical, energy, and environmental applications. Lately, the embedding of biomolecules in novel and/or advanced materials (e.g., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), nanoparticles, hydrogels, graphene, and their hybrid composites) has become a vital research area in the construction of an innovative platform for various applications including sensors (or biosensors), biofuel cells, and bioelectronic devices. Due to the intriguing properties of MOFs (e.g., framework architecture, topology, and optical properties), they have contributed considerably to recent progresses in enzymatic catalysis, antibody-antigen interactions, or many other related approaches. Here, we aim to describe the different strategies for the design and synthesis of diverse biomolecule-embedded MOFs for various sensing (e.g., optical, electrochemical, biological, and miscellaneous) techniques. Additionally, the benefits and future prospective of MOFs-based biomolecular immobilization as an innovative sensing platform are discussed along with the evaluation on their performance to seek for further development in this emerging research area.</P>

Environmental impacts of nanomaterials

Kabir, Ehsanul,Kumar, Vanish,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Yip, Alex C.K.,Sohn, J.R. Elsevier 2018 Journal of environmental management Vol.225 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanotechnology is currently one of the highest priority research fields in many countries due to its immense potentiality and economic impact. Nanotechnology involves the research, development, production, and processing of structures and materials on a nanometer scale in various fields of science, technology, health care, industries, and agriculture. As such, it has contributed to the gradual restructuring of many associated technologies. However, due to the uncertainties and irregularities in shape, size, and chemical compositions, the presence of certain nanomaterials may exert adverse impacts on the environment as well as human health. Concerns have thus been raised about the destiny, transport, and transformation of nanoparticles released into the environment. A critical evaluation of the current states of knowledge regarding the exposure and effects of nanomaterials on the environment and human health is discussed in this review. Recognition on the potential advantages and unintended dangers of nanomaterials to the environment and human health is critically important to pursue their development in the future.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nanotechnology has drawn great interests of researchers due to its immense potentiality. </LI> <LI> Nanotechnology has contributed to the gradual restructuring of diverse technologies. </LI> <LI> The presence of nanomaterials (NMs) can exert adverse effects on the human health. </LI> <LI> In this work, the exposure and effects of NMs is evaluated from various respects. </LI> <LI> The proper evaluation of NMs is offered for their future development and use. </LI> </UL> </P>

Graphene materials as a superior platform for advanced sensing strategies against gaseous ammonia

Vikrant, Kumar,Kumar, Vanish,Kim, Ki-Hyun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.6 No.45

<P>Ammonia (NH3) is an uncolored, toxic, corrosive, and reactive gas with a characteristic pungent stench. To date, quantitative analysis of NH3 concentrations have been made using conventional techniques (<I>e.g.</I>, ion chromatography). In light of the complications involved in such applications, efforts have been made to develop detection methods of NH3 that are more sensitive and selective. In this respect, graphene-based gas sensors have attracted widespread attention because of graphene's distinctive electrical characteristics (<I>e.g.</I>, low electrical signal noise and great mobility) and large surface area. This review article was designed to evaluate the potential usage of graphene-based gas sensors for effective detection of NH3. We aim to understand the recent advances in this challenging area of research by critically analyzing various experiments and comprehending their practical implications. This review critically compares the performance of graphene-based NH3 sensors with those of other nanomaterials for a broader understanding of the field. Also, we summarize the future prospects for advancement of graphene technology for NH3 sensing.</P>