Effect of Antioxidant Fortification on Preservability of Buffalo Semen

Raina, V.S.,Gupta, A.K.,Singh, Kiran Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.1

During the process of freezing, spermatozoa suffer cold shock which increases their susceptibility to lipid peroxidation which plays an important role in ageing of spermatozoa, shortening their life span and affecting the preservation of semen. An experiment was therefore conducted to study the effect of addition of natural antioxidants into semen diluents on the preservability of buffalo semen. Split semen samples were extended in milk egg yolk diluents fortified with vitamin E (MYE), vitamin C (MYC) and control group (MYO); Tris-egg yolk diluents fortified with vitamin E (TYE), vitamin C (TYC) and control group (TYO) and evaluated for their preservabilities at 4-7$^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$. Overall least squares mean of percent motility observed after 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of preservation at 4-7$^{\circ}C$ were 66.70, 54.00, 36.80, 21.90 and 12.50, respectively while the estimates for semen extended in MYE, MYC, MYO, TYE, TYC and TYO were 44.80, 42.70, 38.70, 36.00, 35.20 and 33.00 percent, respectively. The results showed that motility was significantly (p<0.01) affected by extender (extender-antioxidant combination) and preservation interval. Overall least squares mean percent motility observed after 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h of preservation at $37^{\circ}C$ were 68.50, 58.90, 45.00, 38.10 and 18.10 percent, respectively, while the estimates for semen extended in MYE, MYC, MYO, TYE, TYC and TYO were 48.20, 49.30, 46.80, 45.30, 42.30 and 42.50 percent, respectively. Extender and storage interval were found to be significantly (p<0.01) affecting spermatozoa motility on room temperature preservation. The results indicated that the incorporation of antioxidants, especially vitamin E, had beneficial effect on preservability of buffalo semen.

Effect of Caffeine, cAMP and Cattle Seminal Plasma on Freezability of Buffalo Bull Semen

Singh, P.,Raina, V.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.7

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of caffeine, cAMP and cattle seminal plasma on preservation of semen at ultra low temperature ($-196{^{\circ}C}$). Each semen sample was divided into four parts equal in volume and sperm concentration; three were treated with caffeine, or cAMP, or cattle seminal plasma (CSP) and the fourth was kept as control. Sperm motility, abnormal spermatozoa, live-dead count and acrosomal damage were studied at different stages of freeze preservation viz.; just after dilution, at $5{^{\circ}C}$, at glycerolisation, before freezing, just after freezing, 24 hours of storage, and one week of storage. Sperm motility (58.39, 61.33, 52.00 and 50.39 per cent), non-eosinophilic spermatozoa (72.55, 69.98, 63.31 and 67.64 per cent), abnormal spermatozoa (5.71, 4.98, 8.04 and 5.66 per cent) and acrosomal damage (13.28, 13.33, 14.80 and 14.65 per cent) were observed in cAMP, caffeine, cattle seminal plasma and control, respectively, at every stage of freeze preservation. From this study it could be concluded that freezability of buffalo semen can be improved through the addition of caffeine followed by cAMP and cattle seminal plasma.

Observation of dielectric relaxation modes in chiral smectic Cliquid crystal mixture

Rajbir Singh,V.K. Agarwal,K.K. Raina,B. Bahadur 한국물리학회 2005 Current Applied Physics Vol.5 No.6

The dielectric parameters in the frequency range 50Hz to 1MHz have been measured in a SmC* liquid crystal mixture in planaralignment. The relaxation frequency (fr), distribution parameter (a) and dielectric strength (de) have been evaluated and their cor-responding values were found to be 206.62Hz, 0.06 and 114.6 respectively. The Goldstone mode, domain mode, soft mode and anewrelaxation mode have been observed..

Effect of Antioxidant Preservative on Cold Protection Ability of Low Grade Riverine Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Bull Spermatozoa

Pankaj, Prabhat Kumar,Raina, V.S.,Roy, B.,Mohanty, T.K.,Mishra, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.5

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT), Pentoxifylline (PTX), Theophylline (TPY) and Theobromine (TBR) on cold protection ability of Murrah buffalo semen at room ($22-25^{\circ}C$) and refrigerated temperature ($4-7^{\circ}C$). Each semen sample was divided into six parts of equal volume and sperm concentration; the first was kept as a control and the remaining five were treated with BHA, BHT, PTX, TPY or TBR. Sperm motility, abnormal spermatozoa, live-dead count, hypo-osmotic swelling and acrosomal integrity were studied at room and refrigerated temperature for various incubation periods viz.; 0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h at room and 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h at refrigerated temperature. Significant improvement in sperm motility, live-dead count, hypo-osmotic swelling and acrosomal integrity were observed in BHT, PTX and TPY fortified extender at room and refrigerated temperature for various incubation periods. From the present study it could be concluded that cold protection ability of buffalo semen can be improved through the addition of BHT followed by PTX and TPY.

Study on Suitable Semen Additives Incorporation into the Extender Stored at Refrigerated Temperature

Bhakat, M.,Mohanty, T.K.,Raina, V.S.,Gupta, A.K.,Pankaj, P.K.,Mahapatra, R.K.,Sarkar, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.10

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT), Pentoxifylline (PTX) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (Vit E) on semen quality parameters of Karan Fries bulls. The fortification of extender by various semen additives improves motility as well as fertility of spermatozoa. Split samples of 24 ejaculates of four Karan Fries bulls were extended in extender with or without various additives such as BHT, PTX and Vit E, and performance was evaluated at an interval of 0, 24, 48 and 72 h at refrigerated temperature (4-$7^{\circ}C$). Results of the present study revealed that addition of BHT, PTX and Vit E in extender improved sperm cell function, such as motility, viability, HOST, and acrosome integrity, as compared to the control during liquid storage up to 48 h of preservation at refrigerated temperature. There was no significant (p<0.05) difference between any of the additives up to 48 h of preservation. Overall, the results showed a significant (p<0.05) deterioration in motility after each storage interval. The results showed a significant deterioration in the acrosome integrity and plasma membrane integrity up to 48 h; subsequently, there was not much degradation of both the semen quality parameters. There was a significant increase in spermatozoal tail and total abnormality after each storage interval at refrigerator temperature (4 to $7^{\circ}C$); however, the head and mid-piece abnormalities were almost unaffected. Tail and total abnormality were least in extender fortified with BHT, PTX and Vit E at different hours of incubation as compared to the control. The addition of 1.5 mM BHT, 3.6 mM PTX and 1 mg/ml Vit E in the semen extender has more beneficial effect in terms of semen quality and preservability of spermatozoa.

Studies on the Seasonal Incidence of the Whitefly (Dialeuropora decempuncta Quaintance and Baker) Causing Leaf Curl on Mulberry in Relation to Abiotic Factors

Bandyopadhyay, U.K.,Sahu, P.K.,Raina, S.K.,Santhakumar, M.V.,Chakraborty, N.,Sen, S.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2000 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.1 No.1

A study was conducted to examine the relationship between abiotic factors and the population of white-fly (Dialeuropora decempuncta) in mulberry field. The study reveals that relationship between abiotic factors and the whitefly population is very much existent like other pests in other agricultural crops. Duration and time of distinct occurrence of whitefly in mulberry is influenced by the abiotic conditions of field. Abiotic parameters of previous month are more important in influencing the intensity of the pest than the current abiotic factors. Not all the abiotic factors are equally important but factors like minimum temperature, fluctuation in temperature during the days minimum relative humidity, fluctuation in relative humidity and rainfall are the major important lactors in influencing the intensity of the pest under consideration.

Studies on the Seasonal Incidence of the Whitefly ( Dialeuropora decempuncta Quaintance and Baker ) Causing Leaf Curl on Mulberry in Relation to Abiotic Factors

(U. K. Bandyopadhyay),(P. K. Sahu),(S. K. Raina),(M. V. Santha Kumar),(N. Chakraborty),(S. K. Sen) 한국잠사학회 2000 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.1 No.1

Relationship of Blood Metabolites with Reproductive Parameters during Various Seasons in Murrah Buffaloes

Khan, H.M.,Mohanty, T.K.,Bhakat, M.,Raina, V.S.,Gupta, A.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.9

Peri-partum metabolic profile was evaluated in winter and summer calving, with 15 Murrah buffaloes in each seasonal group. In summer calvers, significantly lower values were observed for blood plasma urea nitrogen (BUN) at day 30 pre-partum (p<0.05), on calving day (p<0.05) and at all other stages (p<0.01); plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) values were significantly lower on day 30 pre-partum (p<0.01) and on day 60 post-partum (p<0.05). This was associated with significant reduction in days to first service (DFS) and service per conception (SPC) and an overall better reproductive performance in terms of service period, risk to first service on days 60, 90 and >90, and pregnancy risk to first service up to days 60 and 90. This may be attributed to better pre-partum nutritional status. Cervical and uterine involution were completed in fewer days, involutional changes took place at a faster pace and there were a lower number of abnormal involutional changes in winter compared to summer season. This may be attributed to better post-partum nutrition and less environmental stress. However, validation requires further targeted cohort investigation with a large sample size.

Subfertility in Males: An Important Cause of Bull Disposal in Bovines

Mukhopadhyay, C.S.,Gupta, A.K.,Yadav, B.R.,Khate, K.,Raina, V.S.,Mohanty, T.K.,Dubey, P.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.4

The study had two objectives, namely, to estimate the andrological disorders leading to disposal of Karan Fries (KF), Sahiwal cattle and Murrah buffalo bulls and to study the effect of various factors (species/breeds, season of birth and period of birth) on male reproductive parameters. Records on occurrence of subfertility problems and disposal pattern of bulls maintained at the National Dairy Research Institute herd were collected for 15 years (1991 to 2005). Percentage of bulls producing freezable semen was less in the crossbred cattle (58.46%) as compared to Sahiwal (81.69%) and Murrah bulls (81.05%). Various subfertility traits like poor libido and unacceptable seminal profile were found to be the significant reasons (p<0.01) for culling of the breeding bulls. Inadequate sex drive was the main contributing factor for bull disposal in Sahiwal (22.55%) and Murrah bulls (15.12%) whereas poor semen quality and freezability were most frequently observed in KF bulls (24.29 and 7.29 percent, respectively). Least squares analyses of different male reproductive parameters showed that species/breeds had significant effect (p<0.05) on all traits except for frozen semen production periods (FSPP). Periods of birth were significantly different (p<0.05) for all traits except for semen volume. Age at first semen collection (AFSC), age at first semen freezing (AFSF) and age at disposal (AD) were highest in Murrah, while frozen semen production period (FSPP) and semen production period (SPP) were highest in KF and lowest in Sahiwal. The age at first semen donation and breeding period could be reduced by introducing the bulls to training at an early age. These results revealed a declining trend in AFSC, AFSF, FSPP, SPP and AD, thereby indicating an improvement in reproductive performance over the years. The age at first semen donation in bovines can be reduced by introducing the young male calves to training at an early age, which could increase the dosage of semen obtained from each male.

SAMPLING BASED UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF 10 % HOTLEG BREAK LOCA IN LARGE SCALE TEST FACILITY

SAMIRAN SENGUPTA,S. K. DUBEY,R. S. RAO,S. K. GUPTA,V. K RAINA 한국원자력학회 2010 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.42 No.6

Sampling based uncertainty analysis was carried out to quantify uncertainty in predictions of best estimate codeRELAP5/MOD3.2 for a thermal hydraulic test (10% hot leg break LOCA) performed in the Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF)as a part of an IAEA coordinated research project. The nodalisation of the test facility was qualified for both steady state andtransient level by systematically applying the procedures led by uncertainty methodology based on accuracy extrapolation(UMAE); uncertainty analysis was carried out using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method to evaluate uncertainty forten input parameters. Sixteen output parameters were selected for uncertainty evaluation and uncertainty band between 5thand 95thpercentile of the output parameters were evaluated. It was observed that the uncertainty band for the primary pressure duringtwo phase blowdown is larger than that of the remaining period. Similarly, a larger uncertainty band is observed relating toaccumulator injection flow during reflood phase. Importance analysis was also carried out and standard rank regression coefficientswere computed to quantify the effect of each individual input parameter on output parameters. It was observed that the breakdischarge coefficient is the most important uncertain parameter relating to the prediction of all the primary side parametersand that the steam generator (SG) relief pressure setting is the most important parameter in predicting the SG secondary pressure.