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SUPPLIER-RETAILER POWER ASYMMETRY : AN AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVE
Catherine Sutton-Brady,Patty Kamvounias,Tom Taylor 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7
Power asymmetry in highly concentrated retail markets is an unavoidable consequence within supplier-retailer relationships. This paper investigates the existence of power asymmetry in an Australian context and outlines the impacts on the industry. A documentary analysis was undertaken using documents from three major investigations into the grocery retail sector in recent years. These documents allowed us to gain insights into the industry using reports submissions and transcripts of public hearings. In addition in-depth interviews were carried out with suppliers of the two major supermarket chains. Combining these two approaches provided rich data. This paper contributes to the literature on power in supply channels. The findings support the existence of power asymmetry across many product categories but contrary to other studies find that the major supermarket chains are not averse to exerting coercive power for their own benefit. We find that the highly concentrated nature of the grocery retail market sees the power imbalance exaggerated in this context. We conclude that power asymmetry in the short-term is benefitting consumers but the long-term impacts on the supply chain may be detrimental to the food industry in Australia if nothing is done to curb the market power of the two major supermarkets chains.
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Boxun Wu,Koichi Ito,Naomichi Mori,Tetsuo Oya,Tom Taylor,Jun Yanagimoto 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.7 No.2
In this study, an anisotropic constitutive model based on the non-associated flow rule was developed for anisotropic sheet metals. This model was defined in the quadratic form of the Hill’s anisotropic function under a general three-dimensional stress condition. The anisotropic parameters for the yield function were identified using the directional planar yield stresses, bulge yield stress and shear yield stress, while those for the plastic potential function were identified using the directional r-values. A full expression related to the non-associated flow rule was applied and the model was implemented into the finite element code ABAQUS. A static-implicit analysis and the solid element were applied. Capability of the developed model for predicting the anisotropic behavior of sheet metal was investigated by considering two different sheet metal forming processes: cylindrical cup drawing of AA2090-T3, A6061P-T6 and SPCE; and hole expansion forming test of A6016-O. Cup heights and through-thickness strain distributions obtained from the simulations were compared with the experimental data. Results demonstrate that the developed material model considering 3D condition can improve accuracy of predicting the anisotropic behaviors. Furthermore, the simple formulations are efficient and user-friendly for computational analyses and solving the common industrial sheet metal forming problems.
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