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Jeong, Kwang-Un,Jang, Ji-Hyun,Kim, Dae-Yoon,Nah, Changwoon,Lee, Joong Hee,Lee, Myong-Hoon,Sun, Hao-Jan,Wang, Chien-Lung,Cheng, Stephen Z. D.,Thomas, Edwin L. Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.19
<P>Combining the physical principle of actuators with the basic concept of photonic crystals, colour-tunable three-dimensional (3D) photonic actuators were successfully fabricated. By controlling the <I>d</I>-spacings and the refractive index contrasts of the self-assembled 3D colloidal photonic crystals, colours of the photonic actuators were tuned. Various shapes of these 3D actuating objects were constructed by transforming the programmed 2D structures <I>via</I> bending, twisting and folding mechanisms. These 2D structures were first programmed by breaking the symmetry. The selective swellings were then applied as driving forces to control the shapes and colours of the photonic actuators. Scroll photonic actuators had been first demonstrated by bending the traditional 2D cantilever structure (K.-U. Jeong, <I>et al.</I>, <I>J.</I><I>Mater.</I><I>Chem.</I>, 2009, <B>19</B>, 1956). By breaking the symmetry of a cantilever structure perpendicular to its long axis, polypeptide-/DNA-like 3D helical photonic actuators were obtained from the programmed 2D structure <I>via</I> twisting processes. Both left- and right-handed scrolls and helices with various colours can be achieved by changing the polarity of solvents. Different types of 3D actuators, such as cube, pyramid and phlat ball, were also demonstrated <I>via</I> the folding mechanism. The reversible 3D photonic actuators transformed from the programmed 2D structures <I>via</I> the bending, twisting and folding mechanisms may be applied in the field of mechanical actuators, and optoelectronic and bio-mimetic devices.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Reversible colour and shape tunable photonic actuators were constructed by transforming the programmed 2D structures to the 3D objects <I>via</I> bending, twisting and folding mechanisms. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0jm03631e'> </P>
Optimization of supersonic nozzle flow for titanium dioxide thin-film coating by aerosol deposition
Lee, M.W.,Park, J.J.,Kim, D.Y.,Yoon, S.S.,Kim, H.Y.,Kim, D.H.,James, S.C.,Chandra, S.,Coyle, Thomas,Ryu, J.H.,Yoon, W.H.,Park, D.S. Elsevier 2011 Journal of aerosol science Vol.42 No.11
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Aerosol deposition (AD) is an efficient technique for customized coating of various substrates. The small particles of AD yield a dense coating layer with small voids. AD is amenable to rapid coating (mass production), thus, it is economically attractive. Low-temperature AD coating is desirable because it minimizes the thermal degradation of the substrate. An optimized low-cost AD coating technique is of significant interest to solar-cell engineers seeking to reduce manufacturing costs. While most previous studies ignore the importance of nozzle geometry on coating performance, this paper examines non-optimized nozzles and commensurate shockwaves using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The optimized nozzle geometry obtained from CFD can rapidly prototype nozzles. The CFD-designed nozzles with optimized geometry yielded significantly improved coating quality over non-optimized nozzles.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► Effects of shockwaves, nozzle geometry and dimensionality, carrier-gas viscosity, and particle density. ► Nozzle geometry was adjusted to yield the optimum condition of <I>P</I><SUB>e</SUB>=<I>P</I><SUB>amb</SUB>, which significantly reduced shock formation. ► We, experimentally and numerically, showed that the correctly expanded (<I>first</I>) nozzle yielded a dense and void-free coating layer. ► While the under-expanded (<I>second</I>) nozzle yielded voids and irregularity.</P>
Thomas, S.,Bates, A.,Park, S.,Sahu, A.K.,Lee, S.C.,Son, B.R.,Kim, J.G.,Lee, D.H. Applied Science Publishers 2016 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.165 No.-
<P>A minimum balance of plant (BOP) is desired for an open-cathode high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HTPEM) fuel cell to ensure low parasitic losses and a compact design. The advantage of an open-cathode system is the elimination of the coolant plate and incorporation of a blower for oxidant and coolant supply, which reduces the overall size of the stack, power losses, and results in a lower system volume. In the present study, we present unique designs for an open-cathode system which offers uniform temperature distribution with a minimum temperature gradient and a uniform flow distribution through each cell. Design studies were carried out to increase power density. An experimental and simulation approach was carried out to design the novel open-cathode system. Two unique parallel serpentine flow designs were developed to yield a low pressure drop and uniform flow distribution, one without pins and another with pins. A five-cell stack was fabricated in the lab based on the new design. Performance and flow distribution studies revealed better performance, uniform flow distribution, and a reduced temperature gradient across the stack; improving overall system efficiency. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Development of High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell System for Electric Vehicle Application
Sobi Thomas,A. K. Sahu,SungMok Ha(하숭목),Osung Kwon(권오성),Sang C. Lee(이상철),D. H. Lee(이동하) 한국태양에너지학회 2013 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.4
The main objective of this study is to develop a Fuel cell system for electric vehicle purpose with minimum balance of plants (BOPs) to insure lesser parasitic losses and also compact design to replace IC engines. Though low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has come up as a good contender for automotive application due to its quick start-up nature, it is associated with complex design and parasitic losses. But in the case of high temperature proton exchange membrane (HT PEM) the complexity involved in the design is minimized. The advantage of the present system based on phosphoric acid doped PBI (Polybenzimidazole) membrane is viz., (i) high tolerance to CO poisoning, (ii) no humidification complexity (iii) cooling of stack is easier. In the automotive application the major constrain is size so it becomes necessary to design a compact system. So far the serpentine design is considered to be the optimal as it has the advantage of uniform flow distribution though with higher pressure drop. Due to the higher pressure drop a pump is required to supply the oxidant for chemical reaction. But with lower pressure drop and fairly uniform flow distribution open cathode design was designed which facilitated the use of blower which had a lower power consumption. In the open cathode design the oxidant supply as well as the cooling was taken care using the blower.
Matricellular Protein CCN5 Reverses Established Cardiac Fibrosis
Jeong, Dongtak,Lee, Min-Ah,Li, Yan,Yang, Dong Kwon,Kho, Changwon,Oh, Jae Gyun,Hong, Gyeongdeok,Lee, Ahyoung,Song, Min Ho,LaRocca, Thomas J.,Chen, Jiqiu,Liang, Lifan,Mitsuyama, Shinichi,D'Escamard, Val American College of Cardiology 2016 Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol.67 No.13
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Cardiac fibrosis (CF) is associated with increased ventricular stiffness and diastolic dysfunction and is an independent predictor of long-term clinical outcomes of patients with heart failure (HF). We previously showed that the matricellular CCN5 protein is cardioprotective via its ability to inhibit CF and preserve cardiac contractility.</P><P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>This study examined the role of CCN5 in human heart failure and tested whether CCN5 can reverse established CF in an experimental model of HF induced by pressure overload.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Human hearts were obtained from patients with end-stage heart failure. Extensive CF was induced by applying transverse aortic constriction for 8 weeks, which was followed by adeno-associated virus-mediated transfer of CCN5 to the heart. Eight weeks following gene transfer, cellular and molecular effects were examined.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Expression of CCN5 was significantly decreased in failing hearts from patients with end-stage heart failure compared to nonfailing hearts. Trichrome staining and myofibroblast content measurements revealed that the established CF had been reversed by CCN5 gene transfer. Anti-CF effects of CCN5 were associated with inhibition of the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway. CCN5 significantly inhibited endothelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation, which are 2 critical processes for CF progression, both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, CCN5 induced apoptosis in myofibroblasts, but not in cardiomyocytes or fibroblasts, both in vivo and in vitro. CCN5 provoked the intrinsic apoptotic pathway specifically in myofibroblasts, which may have been due the ability of CCN5 to inhibit the activity of NFκB, an antiapoptotic molecule.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>CCN5 can reverse established CF by inhibiting the generation of and enhancing apoptosis of myofibroblasts in the myocardium. CCN5 may provide a novel platform for the development of targeted anti-CF therapies.</P>