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Tetsuo Gotoh,Tomoko Korenaga,Satomi Ikejima,Tsutomu Hoshino 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
Population density of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), in Japanese pear orchards remained low until mid-August, even after inoculation of pear leaves with a considerable number of adult female P. citri from May onwards. This raised the possibility that pear leaves contain a natural compound that suppresses an increase of P. citri populations. The rate of development from larva to adult was significantly lower on leaves collected in July than on leaves collected earlier or later, in several years. The population suppression was caused by molting inhibition and ovicidal activity, according to our close observation in the laboratory [Gotoh and Kubota (1997) Exp. Appl. Acarol. 21: 343-356]. To clarify whether a natural pear compound caused this molting inhibition, a methanol crude extract of pear leaves was isolated and added to a newly developed artificial diet, consisting of sodium caseinate, sucrose, levulose, glucose and inositol. The compound extracted from pear leaves resulted in the molting inhibition as observed on pear leaves. Based on infrared and NMR spectral analysis, the compound extracted from pear leaves closely resembled the synthetic acaricide hexythiazox. Furthermore, the LC50-values of the compound extracted from pear leaves for ovicidal activity of P. citri eggs and for inhibition of molting to protonymphs were similar to those of hexythiazox. These results strongly suggest that the molting deterrent extracted from pear leaves was in fact hexythiazox, an acaricide in use on pear trees, rather than a natural product. This suggestion becomes even stronger, considering that the molting inhibition was observed in a hexythiazox-spray year, but not in a non-spray year.
Tetsuo Gotoh,Masao Koyama,Yuko Hagino,Kentaro Doke 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.2
This study focuses on three factors that affect the survival of the lilac pyralid, Palpita nigropunctalis (Lepidoptera:Crambidae): (1) the effect of leaf toughness on survival rate to clarify the availability of leaves as food, (2) the effect of temperature on immature development to determine the lower thermal threshold, and (3) the effect of temperature on head capsule width to clarify whether head capsule width can be used to discriminate among field-collected larval instars. Larvae could develop on Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus leaves collected in April, but not on leaves collected in June or September which were too tough to eat. More than 80% of the larvae on the leaves of Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum japonicum, Ligustrum obtusifolium and Syringa vulgaris completed development, regardless of the collection time. P. nigropunctalis completed development on L. lucidum at temperatures from 15 to 27.5 °C with a photoperiod of either 15 L:9D or 16 L:8D,but not at 30 °C, at which temperature no eggs hatched. The lower thermal threshold and thermal constant for total development from egg to adult were estimated at about 7 °C and 450–460 degree-days. Most of the larvae were 5-instar type larvae (passed through 5 instars) regardless of the temperature, but a few 6-instar type larvae (4 of 355) were noted at temperatures of 22.5 °C and higher. No overlap of the ranges of head capsule widths was detected for the 5-instar type larvae, indicating that head capsule width can be used to discriminate among field-collected larval instars.
Tetsuo Gotoh,Yuko Hagino,Kentaro Doke 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.2
The seasonal abundance of Palpita nigropunctalis larvae was studied on five oleaceous tree species in Ibaraki,central Japan, for two years. The larval population peaked on sometree species in both spring and autumnwhile it peaked on other tree species only in autumn. In bimodal populations, the spring peaks consisted of larvae infesting leaves, while the autumn peaks consisted of larvae infesting various tree parts (flowers, fruits and leaves). Larval development was longer and pupal weights were lower on Ligustrum lucidum fruits than on Ligustrum japonicum fruits. Thus, L. japonicum fruits were suitable for larval development in autumn. First-instar larvae appeared to occur three times per year (in late April to earlyMay,mid to late September and early tomid October).Adultswere observed fromlateMarch to early April,midMay to early June, and early September to mid November at the census sites, showing that P. nigropunctalis had three generations a year. The percentage of females having premature ovaries were 64.3 and 12.5% at 15 °C under 14-h and 15-h photophases, respectively,and 28.6 and 25% at 20 °C under the respective photophases. These temperatures and photoperiods are typical of those inMay and June in the census sites. The ovaries of females collected in the field between late May and mid July were premature, in agreement with the laboratory experiments. The pupal duration was prolonged under the short photoperiod, especially at reduced temperatures. We discuss a possible life cycle of P. nigropunctalis in Ibaraki.
Satoshi Fujiwara,Yasuki Kitashima,Tetsuo Gotoh 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard occurs on solanaceous plants, and causes serious damage to a variety of crops in Africa and Europe; it has not been reported from Japan. Tetranychus takafujii Ehara & Ohashi was found on Solanum nigrum L. in Japan in 2001 and described as a new species in 2002. It is considered to be a Solanaceae-specialist too and it is feared to become a severe pest on solanaceous crops, once it invades them. Because T. takafujii is morphologically very similar to T. evansi, doubt has arisen about the difference between these two species. Here we avoid the issue of taxonomy and focus on a solution for the potential problems that may arise when either of the species invades solanaceous crops. The present study determines the susceptibility of three T. takafujii populations from Japan and six T. evansi populations from various countries to 11 acaricides. The LC50-values of all nine populations tested were lower than the recommended concentration of every acaricide. These results suggest that mites from all nine populations can be controlled with acaricides when they occur on crops.
Mohammad Shaef Ullah,Tetsuo Gotoh,임언택 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4
Tetranychus piercei McGregor and Tetranychus truncatus Ehara are major pests of many crops in Bangladesh,while Tetranychus bambusae Wang and Ma is found only on plants in the family Bambusaceae. We comparedthe development, survivorship, and life table parameters of T. piercei and T. truncatus on bean leaves and ofT. bambusae on bamboo leaves at 25 °C, 60–70% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (light:dark). The developmenttimes of T. piercei and T. truncatus from eggs to adult females were 10.2 and 8.8 days, respectively, when fedon bean leaves, while it took 9.5 days for T. bambusae feeding on Bambusa sp. leaves to develop from eggs toadult females. Mated T. piercei, T. truncatus, and T. bambusae females laid 186.9, 132.5, and 46.3 eggs on averageover oviposition periods averaging 22.3, 13.5, and 20.2 days, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was0.275 for T. piercei, 0.301 for T. truncatus, and 0.182 for T. bambusae;meanwhile the net reproductive rate (R0)was114.5/female for T. piercei, 101.9/female for T. truncatus, and 25.4/female for T. bambusae. The doubling time (tD)was lowest in T. truncatus (2.3 days) compare to T. piercei (2.5 days) and T. bambusae (3.8 days). The twopolyphagousTetranychus mites collected in Bangladesh were found to share similar life table parameters withTetranychus mites from various other regions irrespective of food sources. This is the first report of the lifetable parameters of T. bambusae reared on bamboo leaves
VLBI Type Experimental Observation of GPS
곽영희,Tetsuro Kondo,Jun Amagai,Tadahiro Gotoh,Tetsuo Sasao,조정호,김두환 한국우주과학회 2010 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.27 No.2
As a preparatory study for Global Positioning System-Very Long Baseline Interferometry (GPS-VLBI) hybrid system, we examined if VLBI type observation of the GPS signal is realizable through a test experiment. The test experiment was performed between Kashima and Koganei, Japan, with 110 km baseline. The GPS L1 and L2 signals were received by commercial GPS antennas, down-converted to video-band signals by specially developed GPS down converters, and then sampled by VLBI samplers. The sampled GPS data were recorded as ordinary VLBI data by VLBI recorders. The sampling frequency was 64 MHz and the observation time was 1 minute. The recorded data were correlated by a VLBI correlator. From correlation results, we simultaneously obtained correlation fringes from all 8 satellites above a cut-off elevation which was set to 15 degree. 87.5% of L1 fringes and 12.5% of L2 fringes acquired the Signal to Noise Ratios which are sufficient to achieve the group delay precision of 0.1nsec that is typical in current geodetic VLBI. This result shows that VLBI type observation of GPS satellites will be readily realized in future GPS-VLBI hybrid system.