Dye mixture promoted light harvesting for organic dye-sensitized solar cells using triphenylamine dyes with various numbers of anchoring groups

Nguyen, T.H.,Suresh, T.,Kim, J.H. Elsevier Science 2016 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.30 No.-

Co-sensitizers and co-adsorbents are promising materials to enhance the light harvesting efficiency and reduce the un-expected back transfer reaction (recombination) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this study, three sensitizers with triphenylamine as an electron donor, thiophene as a bridge and various numbers of acceptors/anchors cyanoacetic acid (TPA3T1A, TPA3T2A and TPA3T3A) were synthesized, and TPA3T1A and TPA3T2A were used as co-adsorbents with TPA3T3A. The results showed that co-adsorption on the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface at the following percentages, TPA3T3A 73%, TPA3T1A 17% and TPA3T2A 10%, resulted in an increase in the photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs from 5.27% to 5.83% compared to that of a single TPA3T3A sensitizer due to the increasing J<SUB>SC</SUB> and V<SUB>OC</SUB>. This enhancement might be due to improved light absorption and decreasing recombination by the co-sensitizers, TPA3T1A and TPA3T2A, occupying all the empty plases on the TPA3T3A-adsorbed TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface.

Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Protein, Limiting Amino Acid Supplemented Diets Formulated Either on Total or Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acid Basis

Kumar, C. Basavanta,Gloridoss, R.G.,Singh, K.C.,Prabhu, T.M.,Suresh, B.N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.11

The aim of present experiment was to investigate the effect of protein reduction in commercial broiler chicken rations with incorporation of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) and supplementation of limiting amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and/or tryptophan) with ration formulation either on total amino acid (TAA) or standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SIDAA). The experimental design consisted of $T_1$, TAA control; $T_2$ and $T_3$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by 3% and 6% DORB incorporation, respectively by replacing soybean meal with supplemental limiting amino acids to meet TAA requirement; $T_4$, SIDAA control, $T_5$ and $T_6$, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by DORB incorporation (3% and 6%) with supplemental limiting amino acids on SIDAA basis. A total of 360 dold fast growing broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) were divided into 36 homogenous groups of ten chicks each, and six dietary treatments described were allocated randomly with six replications. During 42 days trial, the feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by TAA factor compared to SIDAA factor and protein factor significantly (p<0.05) reduced the feed intake at 1.5% reduction compared to normal protein group. This was observed only during pre-starter phase but not thereafter. The cumulative body weight gain (BWG) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in TAA formulations with protein step-down of 1.5% ($T_3$, 1,993 g) compared to control ($T_1$, 2,067 g), while under SIDAA formulations, BWG was not affected with protein reduction of 1.5% ($T_6$, 2,076 g) compared to $T_4$ (2,129 g). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both TAA and SIDAA formulations with 1.5% protein step-down ($T_3$, 1.741; $T_6$, 1.704) compared to respective controls ($T_1$, 1.696; $T_4$, 1.663). The SIDAA formulation revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher BWG (2,095 g) and better FCR (1.684) compared to TAA formulation (2,028 g; 1.721). Intake of crude protein and all limiting amino acids (SID basis) was higher in SIDAA group than TAA group with resultant higher nitrogen retention (4.438 vs 4.027 g/bird/d). The nitrogen excretion was minimized with 1.5% protein reduction (1.608 g/bird) compared to normal protein group (1.794 g/bird). The serum uric acid concentration was significantly reduced in $T_3$ (9.45 mg/dL) as compared to $T_4$ (10.75 mg/dL). All carcass parameters were significantly (p<0.05) higher in SIDAA formulation over TAA formulation and 1.5% protein reduction significantly reduced carcass, breast and thigh yields. In conclusion, the dietary protein can be reduced by 0.75% with TAA formulation and 1.5% with SIDAA formulation through DORB incorporation and supplementation of limiting amino acids and among formulations, SIDAA formulation was better than TAA formulation.

Investigation and parametric optimization with 97Mg+ 1.5Ag+1.5 LiAlO2 metal matrix composite in wire EDM performance using DFA technique

T. Suresh,P. Suresh,M. Prabu 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2024 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.25 No.2

In several research studies, many experiments have been conducted on non-traditional Electric Discharge Machining (EDM)and also investigated how different EDM process parameters influence the surface quality and productivity. EDM is a materialremoval process in which desired shape can be obtained by generation of spark. EDM process parameters play the vital role toimprove the surface finish and productivity simultaneously. This paper presents the effects of EDM machining parameter suchas Discharge ON Time, Discharge OFF Time, and Wire Feed, and their interactions on the Material Removal Rate (MRR) andSurface Roughness (SR) during the machining of magnesium matrix composites (MgZE41A) reinforced with Ag and LiAlO2. The hybrid composite of 97Mg+1.5Ag+1.5 LiAlO2 combination is selected for manufacture using powder metallurgy techniqueas it has a high wear resistance. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is adopted to study the influencing process parameters for eachresponse. Desirability function analysis (DFA) tool is adopted to find the optimal EDM process parameters which would reducethe surface roughness and improve the material removal rate simultaneously. From the analysis results it has been found thatdesirability ‘D’ of 0.55 gives the better results.

Scheduling Second-Order Computational Load in Master-Slave Paradigm

Suresh, S.,Cui Run,Hyoung Joong Kim,Robertazzi, T. G.,Young-Il Kim IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic syst Vol.48 No.1

<P>Scheduling divisible loads with the nonlinear computational complexity is a challenging task as the recursive equations are nonlinear and it is difficult to find closed-form expression for processing time and load fractions. In this study we attempt to address a divisible load scheduling problem for computational loads having second-order computational complexity in a master-slave paradigm with nonblocking mode of communication. First, we develop algebraic means of determining the optimal size of load fractions assigned to the processors in the network using a mild assumption on communication-to-computation speed ratio. We use numerical simulation to verify the closeness of the proposed solution. Like in earlier works which consider processing loads with first-order computational complexity, we study the conditions for optimal sequence and arrangements using the closed-form expression for optimal processing time. Our finding reveals that the condition for optimal sequence and arrangements for second-order computational loads are the same as that of linear computational loads. This scheduling algorithm can be used for aerospace applications such as Hough transform for image processing and pattern recognition using hidden Markov model (HMM).</P>

Anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii in standard animal models

T Sivakumar,R Rajavel,D Karthikeyan,R Duraisamy,K Srinivasan,S Suresh kumar,Subhas S Karki 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2008 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.8 No.3

The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (Family: Euphorbiaceae) was evaluated for its antipyretic effects in Brewer’s yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of the Croton roxburghii was also evaluated by using carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin induced rat paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (CECR) exhibited significant anti-pyretic and antiinflammatory effect at the dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Maximum inhibition (55.32%) was noted at the dose of 200 mg/kg after 3 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas the Indomethacin (standard drug) produced 61.33% of inhibition. The extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in dextran induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the CECR (200 mg/kg) and Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 52.32% and 56.32% respectively. The extract also exhibited a significant antipyretic response in Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Thus, the present study revealed that the CECR exhibited significant antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity in the tested animal models. The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (Family: Euphorbiaceae) was evaluated for its antipyretic effects in Brewer’s yeast induced hyperthermia in rats. The anti-inflammatory effect of the Croton roxburghii was also evaluated by using carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin induced rat paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma (chronic) models in rats. The chloroform extract of Croton roxburghii (CECR) exhibited significant anti-pyretic and antiinflammatory effect at the dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Maximum inhibition (55.32%) was noted at the dose of 200 mg/kg after 3 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas the Indomethacin (standard drug) produced 61.33% of inhibition. The extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in dextran induced paw edema in a dose dependent manner. In the chronic model (cotton pellet induced granuloma) the CECR (200 mg/kg) and Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 52.32% and 56.32% respectively. The extract also exhibited a significant antipyretic response in Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Thus, the present study revealed that the CECR exhibited significant antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity in the tested animal models.

Production and characterization of mechanical and microstructural behaviour of friction stir welded Al6063 composites reinforced with Gr/B4C/SiC particles

Suresh Babu B,Chandramohan G,Boopathi C,Pridhar T,Srinivasan R 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2018 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.19 No.1

The present study elucidates the influence of reinforcement particles in friction stir welded aluminium (Al 6063) matrixcomposites on mechanical properties of the metal matrix composition. Initially composites were successfully fabricated withdifferent weight percentage and combination of reinforcements (graphite (gr), B4C and SiC) through stir casting technique. All sets of composite specimen were welded through solid state joining process of friction stir welding technique, theparameters such as tool rotational speed (800, 1000 and 1200 rpm), welding speed (20 and 40 mm/min) and axial loading (10and 20 kN) are taken for characterization of fabricated composites. The effects of friction stir welding parameters wereexamined by mechanical and microstructural characterizations. The composites microstructure and dispersion of particlereinforcements were analysed through optical microscope and also the mechanical properties of yield strength, ultimatestrength and elongation were analysed using universal testing machine. The optimized friction stir weld parameters wereidentified for 20% weight fraction reinforced hybrid composites.

Effect of Temperature and Leaf Wetness Period on the Components of Resistance to Late Leaf Spot Disease in Groundnut

Suresh Pande,T.Ratna Rajesh,K. Chandrasekhara Rao,G. Krishna Kishore 한국식물병리학회 2004 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.20 No.1

Modeling and Forecasting Livestock Feed Resources in India Using Climate Variables

Suresh, K.P.,Kiran, G. Ravi,Giridhar, K.,Sampath, K.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.4

The availability and efficient use of the feed resources in India are the primary drivers to maximize productivity of Indian livestock. Feed security is vital to the livestock management, extent of use, conservation and productivity enhancement. Assessment and forecasting of livestock feed resources are most important for effective planning and policy making. In the present study, 40 years of data on crop production, land use pattern, rainfall, its deviation from normal, area under crop and yield of crop were collected and modeled to forecast the likely production of feed resources for the next 20 years. The higher order auto-regressive (AR) models were used to develop efficient forecasting models. Use of climatic variables (actual rainfall and its deviation from normal) in combination with non-climatic factors like area under each crop, yield of crop, lag period etc., increased the efficiency of forecasting models. From the best fitting models, the current total dry matter (DM) availability in India was estimated to be 510.6 million tonnes (mt) comprising of 47.2 mt from concentrates, 319.6 mt from crop residues and 143.8 mt from greens. The availability of DM from dry fodder, green fodder and concentrates is forecasted at 409.4, 135.6 and 61.2 mt, respectively, for 2030.

Multi objective optimization of wear characteristics on Al7075/Al2O3/B4C composites - Desirability approach

Pridhar T,Ravikumar. K,Suresh Babu B,Srinivasan R,Sathishkumar. B 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2020 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.21 No.2

Aluminium hybrid metal matrix composites comprises of Al alloy embedded with multiple hard particulates to improve thewear characteristics. In this study Al 7075/Al2O3/B4C hybrid composite was fabricated with 5 wt.% B4C particles addition and2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt.% of Al2O3 by liquid metallurgy route. The dry sliding wear behaviour of hybrid composites wasinvestigated under various sliding parameters using a pin on disc tribometer. Numerical models were developed to predict thefrictional and wear characteristics of the composites. Analysis of variance method and confirmation experiments wereemployed to validate the adequacy of the developed model. The composites with high particle content exhibits better wearresistance at various sliding conditions. Detailed metallurgical investigations were carried out on the on worn surface. Thewear rate was severe at higher loads due to the crater formation and in addition to abrasive wear. The wear rate andcoefficient of friction were optimized using desirability based multi criteria optimization technique.

Effect of Temperature and Leaf Wetness Period on the Components of Resistance to Late Leaf Spot Disease in Groundnut

Pande, Suresh,Rajesh, T.Ratna,Kishore, G.Krishna The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2004 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.20 No.1

A complete understanding of the epidemiological factors required for optimum for disease development facilitates the design of effective and reliable screening techniques and also disease prediction models. An attempt was made to study the effects of different temperatures ($15-35^{\circ}C$) and leaf wetness periods (4-24 h) on the development of late leaf spot (LLS) in three groundnut genotypes differing in their susceptibility to LLS infection. Irrespective of the genotype, the disease progress evaluated based on different components of resistance was maximum between $15-20^{\circ}C$ and minimum between $20-25^{\circ}C$. At temperatures $\geq$$30^{\circ}C$, LLS development was insignificant. The overall severity of LLS increased with an increase in the leaf wetness period from 4 h to 12 h a day. Further increase of wetness period to 16 h resulted in a rapid increase in the severity. Thereafter, the disease severity gradually decreased with an increase in the wetness period. The effect of temperature and wetness periods on the individual component of disease quantification was not uniform compared between genotypes with different levels of susceptibility/resistance to LLS infection. The results of this study indicate that temperature and leaf wetness period are critical in late leaf spot screening programs since the expression of disease symptoms measured from disease initiation till defoliation, varied differently in the test genotypes with respect to change in these two parameters.