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Dajeong Shin,Byoungok Cho,Jaeyoung Shin,Jihyeon Park,Feng Wang,Suping Hao,Eunseo Kang,Seonil Jang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
Oxidative stress in neurons causes DNA breakdown, cell membrane damage, and neuronal cell death, and can cause neurodegenerative changes. Recently, research interest in discovering herbal medicine materials that can protect cells from oxidative stress is increasing. Humulus japonicus, Diospyros lotus, Zingiber officinale and Red Ginseng are oriental medicine materials that have been used in traditional medicine in Korea and China. In the present study we evaluated the ameliorative effects of H. japonicus, D. lotus, Z. officinale and Red Ginseng extracts mixture (HDZR) against 6-OHDA-induced oxidative stress in microglia. As a result, HDZR restored cells damaged by 6-OHDA in microglia. HDZR pretreatment protected the microglia against oxidative stress by reducing cell death, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation. HDZR pretreatment also increased superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity. Moreover, HDZR activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Taken together, these results showed that HDZR treatment has potential as a therapeutic agent against neuron injury through the suppression of oxidative stress.
Jihyeon Park,Eunseo Kang,Jaeyoung Shin,Byoungok Cho,Feng Wang,Suping Hao,Dajeong Shin,Seonil Jang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
A normal inflammatory response is essential to protect the body from foreign substances. However, excessive inflammation contributes to diseases such as oxidative stress, heart disease and cancer. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of red ginseng marc, Artemisia scoparia, Paeonia japonica, and Angelica gigas (RAPA) extract mixture in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. As a result, RAPA suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors such as iNOS and COX-2 and decreased the production of nitric oxide. In addition, RAPA decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, RAPA inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB. In conclusion, RAPA inhibited nitric oxide production by inhibiting iNOS expression and inhibited inflammatory cytokine production by down-regulating MAPK and Nf-κB signaling pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The results of this study suggest that RAPA can be used as a material to control excessive inflammatory responses.
Jaeyoung Shin,Jihyeon Park,Byoungok Cho,Feng Wang,Suping Hao,Dajeong Shin,Youngsoo Kim,Seonil Jang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
Interleukin-31 is associated with hypersensitivity disorders such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma. IL-31 is also known to be one of the major "drivers" of pruritus. In the nervous system, pruritus may be enhanced through IL-31-related interactions. However, there were no reports of IL-31 receptor expression in astrocytes. In this study, the expression of IL-31 receptor in astrocytes and the effect of Diospyros lotus extract (DLE) on pruritus factors between microglia and astrocytes were investigated. As a result, the expression of IL-31 receptor A in astrocytes was discovered for the first time. Pretreatment with DLE suppressed the expression of IL-31 receptor A in IL-31-treated astrocytes. On the other hand, pretreatment of DLE in microglia inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-induced IL-31 production. DLE inhibited phosphorylation of MAPK, STAT1 and NF-κB in LPS plus IFN-γ stimulated microglia. Taken together, DLE down-regulated IL-31-mediated pruritus factors in both astrocytes and microglia. Therefore, the results of this study suggest the potential of DLE as a material that can relieve chronic itch conditions.
Byoung Ok Cho,Jae Young Shin,Ji Hyeon Park,Feng Wang,Suping Hao,Da Jeong Shin,Seon Il Jang 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
Chronic pruritus is a symptom that reduces the quality of life of patients with inflammatory skin disease. Persistent activation of astrocytic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) contributes to the elevation of chronic pruritus. STAT3 activation increases lipocalin-2 (LCN2) expression and enhances pruritus. A 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS) is a type of flavonoid extracted from the seeds of milk thistle. DHS has been reported to have hepatoprotective, angiogenic, and antioxidant effects. In this study, the inhibitory effect of DHS on chronic pruritus was investigated in IL-6-treated astrocytes and chloroquine-injected mice. As a result, DHS prevented STAT3 activation and LCN2 production in IL-6-treated astrocytes. Moreover, DHS inhibited scratching and inhibited the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in chloroquine-injected mice. It also reduced the level of inflammatory cytokines in the mice serum. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that DHS suppressed itch through the STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus our results suggest that DHS can prevent and/or treat chronic itch.
2,3-Dehydrosilybin Suppresses IL-31-Associated Pruritus Factors in Astrocytes and Microglia
Ji Hyeon Park,Jae Young Shin,Feng Wang,Suping Hao,Da Jeong Shin,Seon Il Jang,Byoung Ok Cho 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10
Chronic pruritus is the main symptom that increases the suffering of patients in hypersensitivity disorder disease. IL-31 is a pruritic cytokine with a primary objective to control itch. A 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS) is a type of flavonoid extracted from the seeds of milk thistle. DHS has been reported to have hepatoprotective, angiogenic, and antioxidant effects. This study investigated the effect of DHS pretreatment on IL-31-associated pruritus in astrocytes and microglia. Pretreatment with DHS inhibited the production of IL-31 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation in microglia. Pretreatment with DHS inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK, STAT1 and NF-κB by LPS plus IFN-γ stimulation in microglia. In addition, DHS suppressed the expression of IL-31 receptor A in IL-31-treated astrocytes. DHS also inhibited lipocalin2 production in IL-31 stimulated astrocytes. Taken together, DHS has potential as a therapeutic agent for symptom relief by down-regulating the IL-31-mediated pruritus mechanism in microglia and astrocytes.
Jae Young Shin,Byoung Ok Cho,Ji Hyeon Park,Da Jeong Shin,Feng Wang,Suping Hao,Eun Seo Kang,Seon Il Jang 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
Diospyros lotus (date plum) is a deciduous plant native to Asia including Korea and China. In traditional medicine, it has been used as an anticancer, antidiabetic, and antipyretic agent. Recently, the effect of Diospyros lotus on the improvement of sensitive skin was also reported. Chronic pruritus is one of the most difficult to manage symptoms of inflammatory skin disease. Recently, it was found that activation of STAT3 in astrocytes contributes to chronic pruritus. In this study, the effects of Diospyros lotus leaf extract (DLE) and its main component myricitrin on pruritus were investigated in in vitro and in vivo. Astrocytes were pretreated with DLE and myricitrin and stimulated with IL-6 to measure activation of STAT3 and production of lipocalin-2 (LCN2). We also investigated the effects of DLE and myricitrin on itch in chloroquine-induced itch mouse model. DLE and myricitrin blocked STAT3 activation and inhibited the release of LCN2 in astrocytes. Moreover, DLE and myricitrin inhibited the scratching behavior and inhibited the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in chloroquine-injected mice. Collectively, these studies suggest that modulation of DLE and myricitrin signaling pathways contribute to pruritus inhibition, thus suggesting potential for the prevention and/or treatment of pruritus caused by hypersensitivity skin conditions.